Análisis de los efectos del covid 19 en el comercio electrónico de países miembros de la alianza pacifico durante el año 2020

Fuente: Elaboración propia (2021), Fuente: Elaboración propia (2021), Fuente: Elaboración propia (2021), Fuente: Elaboración propia (2021).El proyecto de investigación tiene como objetivo establecer los efectos del COVID-19 en el comercio electrónico en los países de Alianza del Pacifico en el 2020, se aplicará el método analítico para alcanzar un nivel descriptivo utilizando la entrevista a una muestra de 9 expertos en comercio electrónico, los datos recopilados serán procesados en software como Nvivo y MaxQDA para análisis en diagrama de nubes. Se encuentra incremento significativo del comercio electrónico (asociada a penetración de usuarios en internet: 73,25% promedio) (BlackSip, 2020), promoviendo un crecimiento en los ingresos de Marzo - Abril 2020 (Colombia con 130%, México con 500% y Perú con 900%) (BlackSip, 2020), y garantizando al cierre del año un aumento del 65,275% promedio del e-commerce (México: 75,7%, Colombia: 53,1%, Perú: 86,7%, Chile: 45,6%) (La Republica, 2021), estos resultados hacen parte de la sincronización ágil de la ciberseguridad, innovación de catálogos y una distribución oportuna. A priori se concluye que las medidas de control sanitario adoptadas tiene como consecuencia un incremento en visualización y compra de productos, impulsando la tendencia de digitalización empresarial en sectores como los mencionados por la OMC, 2020c: “la demanda de servicios suministrables digitalmente (de comunicación, educación, medicina y entretenimiento, entre otros)” (OMC, 2020c).The research project aims to establish the effects of COVID-19 on electronic commerce in the countries of the Pacific Alliance in 2020, the analytical method will be applied to reach a descriptive level using the interview to a sample of 9 trade experts electronic data, the collected data will be processed in software such as Nvivo and MaxQDA for cloud diagram analysis. There is a significant increase in electronic commerce (associated with internet user penetration: 73.25% average) (BlackSip, 2020), promoting growth in revenues from March - April 2020 (Colombia with 130%, Mexico with 500% and Peru with 900%) (BlackSip, 2020), and guaranteeing at the end of the year an average increase of 65.275% in e-commerce (Mexico: 75.7%, Colombia: 53.1%, Peru: 86.7%, Chile: 45.6%) (La Republica, 2021), these results are part of the agile synchronization of cybersecurity, catalog innovation and timely distribution. A priori, it is concluded that the sanitary control measures adopted have as a consequence an increase in the display and purchase of products, promoting the trend of business digitization in sectors such as those mentioned by the WTO, 2020c: “the demand for digitally available services (communication , education, medicine and entertainment, among others) ”(WTO, 2020c)

MONOGRAFIA CASOS DE ESTUDIO CURSO DE PROFUNDIZACIÓN CISCO

El curso de profundización CISCO consta de dos modulos, modulo uno: aspectos básicos de networking y unidad dos: conceptos y protocolos de enrutamiento, en la primera unidad se manejo el modelo OSI, el cual consta de siete capas que nos permiten identificar las fases por las que deben pasar los datos para viajar entre los diferentes dispositivos que se encuentra en una red; la red puede ser LAN, MAN, WAN que utilizan medios guiados y no guiados para su comunicación, estos medios son en cable coaxial, cable de par trenzado, fibra óptica, por radio, por infrarrojos y por microonda, la comunicación entre los dispositivos inicia en binario y posterior en tramas, paquetes, segmentos de acuerdo a la capa de OSI que se encuentren. En el modulo dos: conceptos y protocolos de enrutamiento, se manejaron protocolos como RIP V1, RIP V2, EIGRP Y OSPF con el fin de evaluar la adaptación a las diferentes necesidades de redes expuestas durante la unidad, ya que la dirección de red puede dividirse en sub redes para evitar el desperdicio de direcciones IP y optimizar la distribución IP en redThe CISCO depth-course consists of two modules; in module One: The Basics aspects of networking and unit two: routing concepts and protocols. In the first unit is handling the OSI model, which consists of seven layers that allow us to identify the phases that data must cross to travel between the different devices on a network. The network could be LAN, MAN or WAN, using guided and unguided media for communication. These media are coaxial cable, twisted pair cable, fiber optics, radio, infrared and microwave. Communication between devices starts in binary then in frames, packets, segments according to the OSI layer what they are. In module Two: you will see concepts and routing protocols normally used, like RIP protocols were handled RIP version 1, RIP version 2, EIGRP and OSPF, in order to evaluate the adaptation to the different needs of networks exposed during this unit, as network address that can be divided in sub-networks to avoid waste of IP addresses and to optimize the distribution of IP´s in the networ

A collaboratively derived environmental research agenda for Galapagos

Galápagos is one of the most pristine archipelagos in the world and its conservation relies upon research and sensible management. In recent decades both the interest in, and the needs of, the islands have increased, yet the funds and capacity for necessary research have remained limited. It has become, therefore, increasingly important to identify areas of priority research to assist decision-making in Galápagos conservation. This study identified 50 questions considered priorities for future research and management. The exercise involved the collaboration of policy makers, practitioners and researchers from more than 30 different organisations. Initially, 360 people were consulted to generate 781 questions. An established process of preworkshop voting and three rounds to reduce and reword the questions, followed by a two-day workshop, was used to produce the final 50 questions. The most common issues raised by this list of questions were human population growth, climate change and the impact of invasive alien species. These results have already been used by a range of organisations and politicians and are expected to provide the basis for future research on the islands so that its sustainability may be enhanced. </jats:p

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt s = 13 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe