Effect of GPS tropospheric delay Neill mapping function simplification

The mathematical modeling on the mapping function models should be revised and also simplified to improve the calculation of the GPS tropospheric delay. The zenith tropospheric delay can be amplified by a coefficient factor called mapping function to form total tropospheric delay. There are many mapping functions have been established to calculate the scale factor which can affect the total tropospheric delay. Most of the modern models have separated mapping functions for the hydrostatic and the wet part. Recently, the developed tropospheric delay models use mapping functions in the form of continued fractions which is quite tedious in calculation. There are 26 mathematical operations for Neill Mapping Function (NMF) to be done before getting the mapping function scale factor. There is a need to simplify the mapping function models to allow faster calculation and also better understanding of the models. The mapping functions for NMF models for hydrostatic and wet components are given in a form of continued fraction, whereby the elevation angle is the variable. These mapping function models have been selected to be simplified, because of their ability to achieve mapping function scale factor, down to 3 degree of elevation angle

Mengurus Trend Sokongan Penyelidikan Dalam Tempoh Endemik: Inisiatif Sains Terbuka dan Pengurusan Data Penyelidikan

Negara telah bergerak kepada fasa ‘peralihan ke endemik’. Fasa ini akan membolehkan kita kembali semula kepada kehidupan yang hampir normal selepas hampir dua tahun berperang dengan penularan pandemik COVID-19 yang melanda pada penghujung Disember 2019. Ia telah memberi impak yang sangat besar kepada kehidupan masyarakat dunia yang mana ia telah menukar gaya hidup dan cara kerja masyarakat dalam semua sektor termasuk sektor pendidikan. Dalam tempoh ini, Perpustakaan Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) melalui Bahagian Sokongan Penyelidikan (BSP) sentiasa berusaha memberi perkhidmatan yang terbaik dengan memperkenal pelbagai inisiatif untuk menyokong aktiviti pengajaran, pembelajaran, penyelidikan dan perundingan agar sentiasa berjalan lancar. Inisiatif yang diperkenalkan tertumpu kepada dua elemen utama iaitu sains terbuka serta pengurusan data penyelidikan (RDM). Selain daripada itu, Bahagian ini juga bertanggungjawab menjayakan agenda yang lebih besar dan juga merupakan agenda penting negara di bawah Kementerian Sains, Teknologi & Inovasi (MOSTI) dan Akademi Sains Malaysia (ASM). Beberapa perkhidmatan baharu yang bersifat personalized telah diperkenalkan bagi memudahkan para penyelidik menjayakan kajian seperti journal verification for publication, request for list of indexed journals with quartile information based on specialization, Request for merging Scopus ID, On demand training on RDM, Research made easy webinar series dengan kerjasama Elsevier dan Clarivate serta konsultasi. Terkini, Perpustakaan juga sedang mengetuai inisiatif untuk membangunkan sistem verifikasi data penerbitan yang lebih komprehensif dan menubuhkan Jawatankuasa Pemandu Open Science. Perpustakaan USM amat optimis bahawa inisiatif yang dirancang dan dijayakan ini akan memberi manfaat dan impak yang besar kepada warga penyelidik dalam usaha memudahkan urusan penyelidikan di era endemik yang kian mencabar

The Development of the Malay Garden Concept

This study discusses the development of the Malay garden concept using the old Malay manuscripts and site observation to the Malay villages along Peninsular Malaysia. The inherited landscape design concept can offer as a guideline to conserve the integrity and the authenticity of the traditional Malay garden design and the strength of these characters will extensively use in developing the concept of landscape design in Malaysia due to the increasing awareness of design and the quality of life. Keywords: Malay Garden, Malay Landscape, Cultural Landscape, Quality of Life eISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

Computer simulation technique for two degree of freedom agriculture robot arm

In this research, a structure of pneumatic robot with consisted a pneumatic cylinder for linear movement and a pneumatic motor for rotation movement was used. Air pump pressure was fixed to 5 bar, and the time taken for pneumatic cylinder and pneumatic motor to reach from minimum to maximum position were recorded and inserted into FOR....NEXT programming loop in Visual Basic V6 for achieve real time simulation of the robot movement. The workspace of robot simulation on computer was scaled with the real workspace of robot on the real environment. Clicking the image target on graphical of user interface (GUI), the robot will move and grab the selected target according for a real time mode condition. From the result, the accuracy of real time simulation using this method was consider high if the robot actuate by electric follow by hydraulic and pneumatic. To develop real time 3-Dimensional (3-D) robot simulation is very hard, anyway 2-D simulation become easier and realistic for any real time simulation for robot that only had 2 degree of freedom

Videogrammetry application for stereo vision Bio-Production Harvester.

This study discusses the application of Videogrammetry technique and to define it capability for applying into bio-production arm in real cocoa plant environment. The testing was performed under laboratory control environment and dummy target point also was established to collect the actual data. The result was divided on two-application category. It is to determine the system capability to generate 3-axes coordinate (3D) target point form robot base and the accuracy of the robot arm to grab the target using mouse click method. The developed Graphical User Interface (GUI) successfully generate 3D of the targeted fruits and sent the electrical signal thru interface card for moving the robot arm and grabbing the selected target automatically

A real-time approach of diagnosing rice leaf disease using deep learning-based faster R-CNN framework

The rice leaves related diseases often pose threats to the sustainable production of rice affecting many farmers around the world. Early diagnosis and appropriate remedy of the rice leaf infection is crucial in facilitating healthy growth of the rice plants to ensure adequate supply and food security to the rapidly increasing population. Therefore, machine-driven disease diagnosis systems could mitigate the limitations of the conventional methods for leaf disease diagnosis techniques that is often time-consuming, inaccurate, and expensive. Nowadays, computer-assisted rice leaf disease diagnosis systems are becoming very popular. However, several limitations ranging from strong image backgrounds, vague symptoms’ edge, dissimilarity in the image capturing weather, lack of real field rice leaf image data, variation in symptoms from the same infection, multiple infections producing similar symptoms, and lack of efficient real-time system mar the efficacy of the system and its usage. To mitigate the aforesaid problems, a faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) was employed for the real-time detection of rice leaf diseases in the present research. The Faster R-CNN algorithm introduces advanced RPN architecture that addresses the object location very precisely to generate candidate regions. The robustness of the Faster R-CNN model is enhanced by training the model with publicly available online and own real-field rice leaf datasets. The proposed deep-learning-based approach was observed to be effective in the automatic diagnosis of three discriminative rice leaf diseases including rice blast, brown spot, and hispa with an accuracy of 98.09%, 98.85%, and 99.17% respectively. Moreover, the model was able to identify a healthy rice leaf with an accuracy of 99.25%. The results obtained herein demonstrated that the Faster R-CNN model offers a high-performing rice leaf infection identification system that could diagnose the most common rice diseases more precisely in real-time

Perkhidmatan Sokongan Penyelidikan Perpustakaan Semasa Pandemik Covid-19 : Pengalaman Perpustakaan Universiti Sains Malaysia

Penularan pandemik Covid-19 yang melanda pada penghujung Disember 2019 telah memberikan impak yang sangat besar kepada kehidupan masyarakat dunia. Ia menukar gaya hidup dan cara kerja masyarakat dalam sektor politik, sosial, dan ekonomi termasuk juga sektor pendidikan. Perpustakaan USM sebagai perpustakaan akademik yang menyokong USM selaku Universiti Penyelidikan juga perlu mengadaptasi pelbagai kaedah baharu bagi memastikan perkhidmatannya sampai kepada pengguna. Berpaksikan kepada slogan "Information at Your Doorstep", pelbagai inisiatif dan inovasi telah dilaksanakan oleh pustakawan bagi menyokong aktiviti pengajaran, pembelajaran, penyelidikan dan perundingan agar sentiasa berjalan lancar. Perkhidmatan pendidikan pengguna, sokongan penyelidikan, perkhidmatan perbekalan artikel dan pengurusan data penyelidikan telah ditransformasikan perkhidmatan sepenuhnya secara dalam talian. Perhubungan dan komunikasi antara perpustakaan dan pengguna juga menggunakan aplikasi dalam talian yang tersedia bagi mendekatkan dan memberi ruang penyampaian perkhidmatan secara terus kepada pengguna. Semua inisiatif dan inovasi penyampaian yang telah dilaksanakan ini tidak lain bertujuan bagi memastikan Perpustakaan USM kekal relevan di setiap masa, situasi dan keadaan

Malaysian Society of Animal Production 73 Verification of Caprine Sexed-separated Spermatozoa by Real Time PCR

Abstract Sexed spermatozoa could contribute to increasing profitability of the dairy and beef industries worldwide by producing offspring of predetermined sex. Various methods have been designed to separate sperm population into X-and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa. In this study, the caprine semen sample from Savanna (n=2) and Boer (n=4) breeds were sex-separated using free flow electrophoresis. In order to determine the efficiency of sex-separation procedure, a rapid and accurate technique real time PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the X-and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa following separation. The primers and probes were developed to detect the X-and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa of Capra hircus based on ZFX and SRY genes, respectively, using TaqMan qPCR assay. The amplification of ZFX and SRY genes produced a single fragment of 93 bp and 137 bp, respectively. The primers used in separated spermatozoa by free-flow electrophoresis technique showed that the mean ratio of X-and Y-chromosomes bearing spermatozoa from the cathodic and anodic fractions were 36:64 and 44:56, respectively, compared to unseparated semen was 51:49. Thus, these primers can be used to validate the gene copy of X-and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa in caprine semen

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic