Muligheter og trusler i delingsøkonomien. En strategisk analyse av Airbnb i Nord-Norge

Denne matsterutredningen diskuterer muligheter og trusler ved delingsøkonomien og presenterer en strategisk analyse av Airbnb i Nord-Norge, spesielt i vår empiriske kontekst Tromsø. Ny teknologi har skapt nye markeder og forretningsmodeller som gjør det mulig å dele og utnytte underutnyttede ressurser og Airbnb er den største suksessen innen delingsøkonomien. Det teoretiske rammeverket i oppgaven består av Osterwalders Business Canvas og Porters fem krefter. Funnene våre viser at Airbnb har hatt en enorm vekst i Nord-Norge og dette har hatt en merkbar effekt på andre sentrale aktører i regionen. For hotellene i Tromsø bidrar Airbnb med økt kapasitet for overnatting og en liten økning i konkurranseintensiteten. Airbnb har derimot en vesentlig større negativ påvirkning på boligmarkedet i Tromsø og flere boliger benyttes nå primært til Airbnb-utleie. Samtidig viser våre analyser at Airbnb kan skape muligheter for andre reiselivsaktører i Tromsø. Avslutningsvis presenterer oppgaven praktiske implikasjoner og anbefalinger knyttet til økt strategisk fokus på Airbnb som fenomen. Oppgaven har også teoretiske implikasjoner. Porters rammeverk tar ikke hensyn til hva et tilbud kan være dersom det ikke identifiseres som et substitutt. Våre analyser indikerer at spørsmålet om Airbnb som substitutt eller supplement, er avgjørende for hvordan intensiteten i industrien påvirkes

Afternoon exercise is more efficacious than morning exercise at improving blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes : a randomised crossover trial

Data availability The data analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Funding The authors are supported by grants from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF14OC0011493 and NNF14OC0009941), Swedish Diabetes Foundation (DIA2015-052), Wenner-Gren Foundation, Swedish Research Council (2015-00165), Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet (2009-1068), Stockholm County Council (SLL20150517 and SLL20170159) and Swedish Heart Lung Foundation (20150423).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Postglacial species arrival and diversity buildup of northern ecosystems took millennia

What drives ecosystem buildup, diversity, and stability? We assess species arrival and ecosystem changes across 16 millennia by combining regional-scale plant sedimentary ancient DNA from Fennoscandia with near-complete DNA and trait databases. We show that postglacial arrival time varies within and between plant growth forms. Further, arrival times were mainly predicted by adaptation to temperature, disturbance, and light. Major break points in ecological trait diversity were seen between 13.9 and 10.8 calibrated thousand years before the present (cal ka BP), as well as break point in functional diversity at 12.0 cal ka BP, shifting from a state of ecosystem buildup to a state where most habitat types and biotic ecosystem components were in place. Trait and functional diversity stabilized around 8 cal ka BP, after which both remained stable, although changes in climate took place and species inflow continued. Our ecosystem reconstruction indicates a millennial-scale time phase of formation to reach stable and resilient levels of diversity and functioning.publishedVersio

Kan kornkrisen redde flere brød?

Source at https://www.nettavisen.no/.Krig, nedbør og økte priser på olje, kunstgjødsel og papiremballasje fører til kornkrise som gjør at Ola og Kari Nordmann må betale mer for sitt daglige brød i tiden fremover

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Maternal risk factors for the VACTERL association: a EUROCAT case-control study

International audienc