80 research outputs found
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α) gene expression in human shock states.
International audienceABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) controls the expression of genes involved in the cellular response to hypoxia. No information is available on its expression in critically ill patients. Thus, we designed the first clinical study in order to evaluate the role of HIF1α as a prognosis marker in patients suffering from shock. METHODS: Fifty consecutive adult patients with shock and 11 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in the study. RNA was extracted from whole blood samples and expression of HIF1α was assessed over the first four hours of shock. The primary objective was to assess HIF1α as a prognostic marker in shock. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the role of HIF1α as a diagnostic and follow-up marker. Patient survival was evaluated at day 28. RESULTS: The causes of shock were sepsis (78%), hemorrhage (18%), and cardiac dysfunction (4%). HIF1α expression was significantly higher in the shock patients than in the healthy volunteers (121 (range: 72-168) versus 48 (range: 38-54) normalized copies, P <0.01), whatever the measured isoforms. It was similar in non-survivors and survivors (108 (range 84-183) versus 121(range 72-185) normalized copies, P = 0.92), and did not significantly change within the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first to demonstrate an increased expression of HIF1α in patients with shock. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential association with outcome. Our findings reinforce the value of monitoring plasma lactate levels to guide the treatment of shock
Aspects cliniques des cancers bronchopulmonaires primitifs au service dâoncologie du CHUA-HUJRA Antananarivo
Le retard de diagnostic des cancers broncho-pulmonaires est l'une des sources du retard de leur prise en charge dans les pays en dĂ©veloppement. A notre connaissance, l'aspect clinique des cancers broncho-pulmonaires au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Antananarivo-HĂŽpital Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona (CHUA-HUJRA) n'a jamais Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©. L'objectif Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les aspects cliniques des cancers bronchopulmonaires primitifs dans le plus grand centre de cancĂ©rologie de Madagascar. C'est une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective et descriptive des patients atteints de cancers broncho-pulmonaires primitifs vus au service d'oncologie du CHUA-HUJRA du 1er janvier 2008 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2013. Nous avons recensĂ© 101 patients (80 hommes et 21 femmes). Les circonstances de dĂ©couverte sont principalement la toux chronique (n=29), la dyspnĂ©e (n=16) et l'association d'une hĂ©moptysie Ă la toux chronique (n=12). Soixante et onze patients avaient un index de performans status ? Ă 2 au moment du diagnostic. On a retrouvĂ© des bacilles de Koch actives dans le crachat de deux patients. Le dĂ©lai moyen entre l'apparition des premiers signes et la premiĂšre consultation Ă©tait de 11 mois. Le dĂ©lai moyen entre la premiĂšre consultation et le diagnostic anatomopathologique Ă©tait de 3 mois. Le cancer broncho-pulmonaire peut avoir des manifestations cliniques non spĂ©cifiques parfois trompeuses qui peuvent retarder leur prise en charge. De ce fait, il doit ĂȘtre recherchĂ© devant tout signe respiratoire persistant. Par ailleurs, le dĂ©lai de prise en charge prĂ©-hospitaliĂšre et hospitaliĂšre de ces cancers doit ĂȘtre amĂ©liorĂ©.Pan African Medical Journal 2015; 2
Idiosyncratic features in tRNAs participating in bacterial cell wall synthesis
The FemXWv aminoacyl transferase of Weissella viridescens initiates the synthesis of the side chain of peptidoglycan precursors by transferring l-Ala from Ala-tRNAAla to UDP-MurNAc-pentadepsipeptide. FemXWv is an attractive target for the development of novel antibiotics, since the side chain is essential for the last cross-linking step of peptidoglycan synthesis. Here, we show that FemXWv is highly specific for incorporation of l-Ala in vivo based on extensive analysis of the structure of peptidoglycan. Comparison of various natural and in vitro-transcribed tRNAs indicated that the specificity of FemXWv depends mainly upon the sequence of the tRNA although additional specificity determinants may include post-transcriptional modifications and recognition of the esterified amino acid. Site-directed mutagenesis identified cytosines in the G1âC72 and G2âC71 base pairs of the acceptor stem as critical for FemXWv activity in agreement with modeling of tRNAAla in the catalytic cavity of the enzyme. In contrast, semi-synthesis of Ala-tRNAAla harboring nucleotide substitutions in the G3âU70 wobble base pair showed that this main identity determinant of alanyl-tRNA synthetase is non-essential for FemXWv. The different modes of recognition of the acceptor stem indicate that specific inhibition of FemXWv could be achieved by targeting the distal portion of tRNAAla for the design of substrate analogues
Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in âs = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fbâ1 of protonâproton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at âs = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements
Measurement of jet fragmentation in Pb+Pb and collisions at TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Le jardin créole à Fort-de-France : stratégie de résistance face à la pauvreté ?
Dans la CaraĂŻbe insulaire prĂšs de 70 % de la population vit aujourdâhui dans des aires urbaines. La crise de lâindustrie canniĂšre dans les annĂ©es 1950 a Ă©tĂ© le principal facteur de lâexode rural des populations vers les villes capitales des Petites Antilles afin dây trouver de meilleures conditions de vie. ConstituĂ©es majoritairement de ruraux et occupant souvent des emplois faiblement rĂ©munĂ©rĂ©s, ces populations ont dĂ» sâaccommoder au mieux des vicissitudes urbaines. Lâune de ces accommodations les plus visibles demeure le jardin crĂ©ole. Il dĂ©signe cette petite unitĂ© spatiale de productions agricoles, moyennement dĂ©limitĂ©e, attenante aux maisons individuelles, trĂšs rĂ©pandue dans les espaces ruraux et urbains des Petites Antilles. Il est dit « crĂ©ole » parce que caractĂ©ristique dâun mode cultural et culturel hĂ©ritĂ© des Ă©poques prĂ©coloniale et coloniale, et centrĂ© essentiellement sur lâautoconsommation. Ainsi, bien quâelle rassemble une large part de la population urbaine de lâĂźle et lâessentiel des fonctions de commandement, Fort-de-France reste nĂ©anmoins marquĂ©e par une ruralitĂ© subsistante (Marc, 2007 ; Martouzet, 2001).MalgrĂ© un IDH la plaçant parmi le peloton de tĂȘte des pays caribĂ©ens, la Martinique accuse de fortes disparitĂ©s de niveaux de vie ; une frange importante de sa population vit en deçà du seuil de pauvretĂ© et doit survivre entre emploi prĂ©caire, revenus sociaux, travail informel. Au croisement du patrimoine, de lâenvironnement et de lâautoconsommation, le jardin crĂ©ole urbain rĂ©vĂšle une vĂ©ritable stratĂ©gie de survie Ă©conomique en particulier pour les populations les moins favorisĂ©es.In the Caribbean islands about 70 % of the population lives in urban areas today. The crisis of the sugar cane industry in the 1950s was the main factor of the drift from the land of the populations towards the major cities of the Lesser Antilles to find better living conditions there. Constituted mainly of countrymen and occupant often weakly paid jobs, these populations had to adapt at best urban adventures. One of these most visible accommodations lives the Creole garden. It indicates this small spatial unit of agricultural productions, averagely bounded, adjacent to the detached, very wide-spread houses in the rural and urban spaces of Lesser Antilles. It is said « Creole » because characteristic of a farming and cultural mode inherited from precolonial and colonial periods, and centred essentially on the autoconsumption. So, although it collects a wide part of the urban population of the island and the main part of the functions of command, Fort-de-France remains nevertheless marked by a remaining rural life (Marc, 2007 ; Martouzet, 2001). In spite of an IDH placing her, among the main platoon of the Caribbean countries, Martinique accuses strong disparities of standards of living ; an important fringe of her population lives below the poverty line and constantly has to tack between precarious employment, social incomes, and informal work. In the crossing of the heritage, the environment and the autoconsumption, the urban Creole garden reveals a real strategy of economic survival in particular for the least facilitated populations
Le jardin créole en milieu urbain : usages pratiques, enjeux et réflexions prospectives
Jean-ValĂ©ry Marc choisit l\u27exemple de Fort de France en Martinique, pour prĂ©senter les rĂ©alitĂ©s et les enjeux du jardin crĂ©ole. AprĂšs avoir effectuĂ© une rĂ©trospective historique, il propose une dĂ©finition de ce concept agricole. Jean-ValĂ©ry Marc rĂ©pertorie ensuite dans un tableau, le type de plantes que l\u27on retrouve dans un jardin crĂ©ole. Il prĂ©sente les fonctions puis les raisons d\u27ĂȘtre du jardin crĂ©ole, en s\u27arrĂȘtant sur ce qui pourrait menacer ce type de jardin qui reprĂ©sente pour lui, un espace de rĂ©sistance et un symbole d\u27autonomie.Jean-ValĂ©ry Marc choisit l\u27exemple de Fort-de-France en Martinique, pour prĂ©senter les rĂ©alitĂ©s et les enjeux du jardin crĂ©ole. AprĂšs avoir effectuĂ© une rĂ©trospective historique, il propose une dĂ©finition de ce concept agricole. Jean-ValĂ©ry Marc rĂ©pertorie ensuite dans un tableau, le type de plantes que l\u27on retrouve dans un jardin crĂ©ole. Il prĂ©sente les fonctions puis les raisons d\u27ĂȘtre du jardin crĂ©ole, en s\u27arrĂȘtant sur ce qui pourrait menacer ce type de jardin qui reprĂ©sente pour lui, un espace de rĂ©sistance et un symbole d\u27autonomie
Les jardins créoles et ornementaux comme indicateurs socio-spatiaux : analyse du cas de Fort-de-France
Par simple observation du terrain, on constate la coexistence de deux types majeurs de jardins privĂ©s dans lâagglomĂ©ration de Fort-de-France, comprise comme Ă©tant formĂ©e, outre la capitale de la Martinique, chef-lieu de dĂ©partement dâenviron 100 000 habitants sur la rive nord de la baie du mĂȘme nom, de trois communes dites de premiĂšre couronne que sont, Ă lâest, Le Lamentin, au nord, Saint-Joseph et, Ă lâouest, SchĆlcher. Lâensemble forme lâhabitat de quelque 160 000 personnes dont les caract..
Disparités et limites du développement durable dans les Petites Antilles : le cas de la Martinique et de la Dominique
La dĂ©cennie qui vient de sâĂ©couler a vu lâĂ©mergence dans les Petites Antilles de politiques locales volontaristes en faveur de la protection et de la mise en valeur de lâenvironnement. Mais dans ces territoires insulaires caribĂ©ens, les initiatives politiques en faveur du dĂ©veloppement durable se heurtent frĂ©quemment aux conditions du milieu naturel (rĂ©currence des risques naturels majeurs, exiguĂŻtĂ© des territoires, topographie tourmentĂ©e, fragilitĂ© des Ă©cosystĂšmes littoraux), ainsi quâaux difficiles rĂ©alitĂ©s Ă©conomiques et sociales (taux de chĂŽmage Ă©levĂ©s, hypertrophie du marchĂ© du travail, pauvretĂ©, pression fonciĂšre exacerbĂ©e) et accusent au final des rĂ©sultats mitigĂ©s. Ă travers les exemples de la gestion intĂ©grĂ©e des zones cĂŽtiĂšres et du jardin crĂ©ole urbain, cette Ă©tude cherche Ă montrer dâune part, comment il est difficile pour lâinstant dâappliquer une politique de dĂ©veloppement durable Ă lâĂ©chelle de lâĂźle (Martinique, Dominique) et dâautre part, comment, Ă lâinverse, peuvent perdurer de vĂ©ritables initiatives Ă©cologiques et Ă©conomiquement porteuses, Ă lâĂ©chelle locale.The decade which has just passed by saw the emergence in Lesser Antilles of voluntarist local politics in favour of the environmental protection and development. But in these Caribbean island territories, the political initiatives in favour of the sustainable development collide frequently with the natural environment (recurrence of the major natural risks, exiguity of territories, restless topography, fragility of the littoral ecosystems) as well as with the difficult economic and social realities (high unemployment rates, hypertrophy of the labor market, poverty, aggravated land pressure) and show in the end mixed results. Through the examples about integrated management of the coastal spaces and the urban Creole garden, this paper tries to show on one hand how it is difficult at the moment to apply a sustainable development policy in the island (Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Santa Lucia); and on the other hand how, on the contrary, real ecological and economically can continue locally initiatives fruitful
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