Compuestos fenólicos totales y actividad antioxidante de la fermentación en estado sólido de bagazo de manzana (Malus domestica Borkh., var. panochera)

Agro-industry generates significant amounts of lignocellulosic waste. These residues are used as a substrate in the production of Pleurotus fungi, which produces secondary metabolites through solid-state fermentation (SSF). The aim of this project was to determine the amount of total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of the solid fermentation of the apple residue with the Pleurotus ostreatus strain during 28 days. Solid fermentation was carried out in 45 mL bioreactors with apple residue. Then, methanol extracts were performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Subsequently, the content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were evaluated by two different methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+). The 45 samples were analyzed through an analysis of variance and Tukey’s test means. Results showed the biosynthesis of the total phenolic compounds from the 21st day of the SSF, giving a concentration of 0.39 ± 0.07 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of substrate of dry weight (mg GAE/g substrate dw). The antioxidant activity in both methods was also manifested on 21st day with 342.10 ± 1.08 mg/mL concentrations for DPPH and 323.02 mg/mL in ABTS. In consequence, the phenolic compounds extracted from the SSF of the apple residue with the P. ostreatus strain can be an alternative for recovery of a derivative considered as a waste.La agroindustria genera cantidades importantes de residuos lignocelulósicos. Estos son utilizados como sustrato en la producción de hongos del género Pleurotus, que a través de la fermentación en estado sólido (FES) producen metabolitos secundarios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la cantidad de compuestos fenólicos totales y la actividad antioxidante de extractos de metanol obtenidos de la FES en bagazo de manzana con la cepa Pleurotus ostreatus durante 28 días. La fermentación sólida se realizó en los días 0, 7, 14, 21 y 28 de los extractos de metanol. Posteriormente, se evaluaron el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales y la actividad antioxidante por los métodos 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidracilo (DPPH•) y 2,2’-azino-bis (3-etilbenzotiazolina)-6 sulfonato de amonio (ABTS+). Las 45 muestras fueron analizadas a través de un análisis de varianza y prueba de medias de Tukey. Los resultados mostraron la biosíntesis de compuestos fenólicos totales a partir del día 21 de la FES, con una concentración de 0,39 ± 0,07 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/g sustrato en base seca (mg de EAG/g sustrato bs). La actividad antioxidante en ambos métodos también se manifestó en el día 21 con actividades equivalentes, de 342,10 ± 1,08 mg/mL para DPPH y 323,02 mg/mL en ABTS. En consecuencia, los compuestos fenólicos extraídos de la FES del residuo de manzana con la cepa P. ostreatus pueden considerarse como una alternativa de valorización de un subproducto que actualmente es considerado como un desecho agroindustrial

The EU Center of Excellence for Exascale in Solid Earth (ChEESE): Implementation, results, and roadmap for the second phase

publishedVersio

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M&gt;70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0&lt;e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Eficiencia del hongo Pleurotus spp como potencial remediador de agua residual contaminada con metales, de una planta tratadora de la ciudad de Puebla

“El aspecto tóxico de los metales considerados pesados en principio, ha sido documentado a través de la historia, por los médicos griegos y romanos, los cuales fueron los primeros en diagnosticar los síntomas por la ingestión de plomo, debido al uso de utensilios cotidianos de este metal, en esa época (Volesky, 1990). Los efectos de los metales sobre el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas varían considerablemente y son de importancia económica y de salud pública. Entre los mecanismos moleculares que determinan la toxicidad de los metales pesados se encuentran: 1. El desplazamiento de iones metálicos esenciales de biomoléculas y bloqueo de sus grupos funcionales, 2. Modificación de la conformación activa de biomoléculas, especialmente enzimas y polinucleótidos, 3. Ruptura de la integridad de biomoléculas y 4. Modificación de otros agentes biológicamente activos. Actualmente se sabe más del efecto de estos metales sobre la salud humana y la exposición a estos elementos se ha relacionado con distintos tipos de cáncer.

La biodiversidad de los hongos ectomicorrízicos y su importancia para la conservación del bosque en la zona poblana del Parque Nacional Malintzi

El Parque Nacional Malintzi comprende una superficie de 45,852 hectáreas, de las cuales corresponden 14,544 al estado de Puebla. El deterioro a su riqueza forestal tiene sus inicios desde la época colonial y hasta nuestros días la presión sobre los recursos de este parque nacional aumenta debido a que los pobladores de la zona, tradicionalmente ven en la montaña su fuente de sustento mediante la agricultura y la extracción de madera, que aunadas a la tala clandestina inmoderada, han influido drásticamente en la pérdida de biodiversidad y cambio de uso del suelo. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron describir la distribución espacial de los hongos macroscópicos, y su relación poblacional con respecto a la perturbación del ecosistema. La colecta de individuos, para conformar un herbario. Generar el cultivo del micelio o germoplasma, en el laboratorio registrando los parámetros físicos y condiciones nutrimentales que permitieran esta acción. Los puntos de muestreo se señalaron por el sistema GPS y se realizó la gráfica de distribución poblacional de una especie micorrízica. Entre los puntos de muestreo se examinó la aleatoriedad espacial completa, estimando la intensidad del patrón de puntos espaciales y la no existencia de interacciones entre ellos. La validez de las hipótesis planteadas se probó con las herramientas estadísticas del módulo S+SPATIALSTATS del sistema computacional S-PLUS 2000