Investigating the Relationship between Learning Disabilities and Behavioral Disorders

One of the most common disorders refers to learning disorders that seems to create a lifelong effect for individual which is beyond the reading, writing and math, and encompasses areas such as mental health, interpersonal relationships and behavioral manifestation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between learning disabilities and behavioral disorders. To this end, 1807 elementary students of Karaj city were selected through random sampling, and completed the learning disorders scale of Ali Bahari Ghare Goz (2009). Also, according to the diagnostic scale of DSM-IV students' behavioral disorder were diagnosed. Chi-square test results showed that there is a significant relationship between learning disabilities and behavioral disorders such as hyperactivity, stubbornness and separation anxiety, and students with learning disabilities are more likely to have behavioral problems. Results of this study can be used by psychologists and school counselors

Investigating the Relationship between Learning Disabilities and Behavioral Disorders

One of the most common disorders refers to learning disorders that seems to create a lifelong effect for individual which is beyond the reading, writing and math, and encompasses areas such as mental health, interpersonal relationships and behavioral manifestation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between learning disabilities and behavioral disorders. To this end, 1807 elementary students of Karaj city were selected through random sampling, and completed the learning disorders scale of Ali Bahari Ghare Goz (2009). Also, according to the diagnostic scale of DSM-IV students' behavioral disorder were diagnosed. Chi-square test results showed that there is a significant relationship between learning disabilities and behavioral disorders such as hyperactivity, stubbornness and separation anxiety, and students with learning disabilities are more likely to have behavioral problems. Results of this study can be used by psychologists and school counselors

A study on the relationship between Tabriz high school teachers’ sense of efficacy and their educational quality

For many years, one of the main aims of pedagogy is the promotion of educational quality. Any impressive achievement in educational quality and pedagogy needs to be active participation and support by teachers. Considering the important role of the teacher in promotion of educational quality, this study was to investigate the relationship between Tabriz high school teachers’ senses of efficacy and their educational quality to shed some lights on the blurred issues in this regard. To this end 60 high school teachers (30 psychology teachers and 30 physics teachers) were selected from the population of study. For assessing educational quality, Flanders Interaction Analysis Category, and for evaluating teachers' sense of efficacy, Ohio Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale was used. The results of Canonical correlation indicated that only one root of analysis was significant and from the predictor variables, teacher sense of efficacy is significantly related to the indirect to direct teaching method and teacher- student reactions

A study on the relationship between Tabriz high school teachers’ sense of efficacy and their educational quality

For many years, one of the main aims of pedagogy is the promotion of educational quality. Any impressive achievement in educational quality and pedagogy needs to be active participation and support by teachers. Considering the important role of the teacher in promotion of educational quality, this study was to investigate the relationship between Tabriz high school teachers’ senses of efficacy and their educational quality to shed some lights on the blurred issues in this regard. To this end 60 high school teachers (30 psychology teachers and 30 physics teachers) were selected from the population of study. For assessing educational quality, Flanders Interaction Analysis Category, and for evaluating teachers' sense of efficacy, Ohio Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale was used. The results of Canonical correlation indicated that only one root of analysis was significant and from the predictor variables, teacher sense of efficacy is significantly related to the indirect to direct teaching method and teacher- student reactions

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Study the Effect of Melatonin on Fatigue in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Background and Aim: Multiple Sclerosis is (MS) is a common demyelinating disease of CNS that inflammation and stress oxidative processes have an important role in clinical courses and progression of it. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of Melatonin on fatigue in MS. Materials and Methods: In a double-blind clinical trials study, 62 patients with relapsing remitting MS were randomized to oral Melatonin 3 mg or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Scale of Fatigue in MS was studied by assessing FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale) on weeks 1 and 8. Findings: 47 patients in intervention group and 15 patients in placebo group completed the study. In intervention group, treatment with Melatonin produced a significant decrease in FSS vs placebo group (before intervention: the average of FSS in patient group was 32.04±13.97 and in control group was 35.86±15.44; after intervention: the average of FSS in patient group was 30.42±12.40 and in control group was 41±12.66). Although in control group, the average of FSS was 35.866 and it was 41 after intervention. Because the score of placebo patient is near or upper than 36, this study suggested that Melatonin has a significant effect on improving and decreasing fatigue in MS. Conclusion: The use of melatonin alongside of First-line drugs such as mitoxantrone, IFN – B or glatimer acetate can improve fatigue and disability in patient with MS

HCV Core/NS3 Protein Immunization with “N-Terminal Heat Shock gp96 Protein (rNT (gp96))” Induced Strong and Sustained Th1-Type Cytokines in Immunized Mice

Feeble cellular responses induced by T cell-based vaccines are a major challenge for the development of an effective vaccine against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To address this challenge, the potential of N-terminal fragment of gp96 heat shock protein (rNT (gp96) as an adjuvant was evaluated and compared to that of the CpG (as a recognized Th1-type adjuvant) in the formulation of HCV core/NS3 antigens in three immunization strategies of protein/protein, DNA/DNA, and DNA/protein. Immunized mice were evaluated for elicited immune responses in week 3 (W3) and 11 post-immunizations. Our results demonstrated that the protein (subunit) vaccine formulated with rNT (gp96) in protein/protein strategy (core/NS3 + gp96) was significantly more efficient than CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) formulation and all other immunization strategies in the induction of Th1-type cytokines. This group of mice (core/NS3 + gp96) also elicited a high level of anti-Core-NS3 total immunoglobulin G (IgG) with dominant IgG2a isotype at W3. Thus, the co-administration of recombinant NT (gp96) protein with rHCV proteins might be a promising approach in the formulation of HCV subunit vaccine candidates for induction of high levels of Th1 cytokines and humoral responses

HCV Core/NS3 Protein Immunization with “N-Terminal Heat Shock gp96 Protein (rNT (gp96))” Induced Strong and Sustained Th1-Type Cytokines in Immunized Mice

Feeble cellular responses induced by T cell-based vaccines are a major challenge for the development of an effective vaccine against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. To address this challenge, the potential of N-terminal fragment of gp96 heat shock protein (rNT (gp96) as an adjuvant was evaluated and compared to that of the CpG (as a recognized Th1-type adjuvant) in the formulation of HCV core/NS3 antigens in three immunization strategies of protein/protein, DNA/DNA, and DNA/protein. Immunized mice were evaluated for elicited immune responses in week 3 (W3) and 11 post-immunizations. Our results demonstrated that the protein (subunit) vaccine formulated with rNT (gp96) in protein/protein strategy (core/NS3 + gp96) was significantly more efficient than CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) formulation and all other immunization strategies in the induction of Th1-type cytokines. This group of mice (core/NS3 + gp96) also elicited a high level of anti-Core-NS3 total immunoglobulin G (IgG) with dominant IgG2a isotype at W3. Thus, the co-administration of recombinant NT (gp96) protein with rHCV proteins might be a promising approach in the formulation of HCV subunit vaccine candidates for induction of high levels of Th1 cytokines and humoral responses