Approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality and smoothness in the space of bounded linear operators

We study approximate Birkhoff-James orthogonality of bounded linear operators defined between normed linear spaces $\mathbb{X}$ and $\mathbb{Y}.$ As an application of the results obtained, we characterize smoothness of a bounded linear operator $T$ under the condition that $\mathbb{K}(\mathbb{X},\mathbb{Y}),$ the space of compact linear operators is an $M-$ideal in $\mathbb{L}(\mathbb{X},\mathbb{Y}),$ the space of bounded linear operators

Seaweed resources off Tamil Nadu coast: Sector II. Alanthali - Manapad and Vembar – Nallathanni Thivu

The seaweeds are used for the production of polysaccharides such as agar, algin, carragennan and they are harvested from intertidal regions along the southeast shores of India. The resource potential from intertidal regions was estimated (Anon 1978

Wilson Expansion of QCD Propagators at Three Loops: Operators of Dimension Two and Three

In this paper we construct the Wilson short distance operator product expansion for the gluon, quark and ghost propagators in QCD, including operators of dimension two and three, namely, A^2, m^2, m A^2, \ovl{\psi} \psi and m^3. We compute analytically the coefficient functions of these operators at three loops for all three propagators in the general covariant gauge. Our results, taken in the Landau gauge, should help to improve the accuracy of extracting the vacuum expectation values of these operators from lattice simulation of the QCD propagators.Comment: 20 pages, no figure

Effect of Retrapping on Thermoluminescence Peak Intensities of Small Amorphous Silicon Quantum Dots

The effect of retrapping on thermoluminescence intensity peak corresponding to each trap of small amorphous silicon quantum dots in three traps -one recombination center model is investigated. For first order kinetics, where there is no effect of retrapping, the thermoluminescence intensity clearly depends on the level of the trap beneath the edge of the conduction band. This energy difference between the edge of the conduction band and the level of the trap is called trap depth (activation energy). The shallowest trap gives the highest thermoluminescence intensity peak for first order kinetics. However, it was clearly observed that for second order and a case beyond second order kinetics, the thermoluminescence intensity peak corresponding to each trap does not depend on the trap depth. In this case, the retrapping probability coefficients are taken into account and most electrons which are detrapped from the shallow trap(s) will be retrapped to the deeper trap(s) resulting in fewer electrons taking part in the recombination process. This significantly reduces the thermoluminescence intensity peaks of the shallower trap(s). It was observed that the deepest trap, with very high concentration of electrons due to the retrapping phenomenon, gives the highest thermoluminescence intensity. In addition, the variation of concentration of electrons in each trap and the intensity of the thermoluminescence are presented. Though we considered the model of three traps and one recombination center, this phenomenon is true for any multiple traps

Distribution of Seaweeds off Alantalai-Manapad and Vembar-Nallatanni Tivu in Tamil Nadu

The deep water areas at Alantalai--Manapad (Southern Zone) and Vembar-Nallatanni 'fivu (Northern Zone) region in Tamilnadu were surveyed during 1988 for seaweed resources employing 'SCUBA' diving technique. A total of 28 species of algae in the Southern Zone and 27 in the, Northern Zone were encountered. Majority of the seaweeds belonged to Rhodophycaae

Performance of a Large-Area GEM Detector Prototype for the Upgrade of the CMS Muon Endcap System

Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology is being considered for the forward muon upgrade of the CMS experiment in Phase 2 of the CERN LHC. Its first implementation is planned for the GE1/1 system in the $1.5 < \mid\eta\mid < 2.2$ region of the muon endcap mainly to control muon level-1 trigger rates after the second long LHC shutdown. A GE1/1 triple-GEM detector is read out by 3,072 radial strips with 455 $\mu$rad pitch arranged in eight $\eta$-sectors. We assembled a full-size GE1/1 prototype of 1m length at Florida Tech and tested it in 20-120 GeV hadron beams at Fermilab using Ar/CO$_{2}$ 70:30 and the RD51 scalable readout system. Four small GEM detectors with 2-D readout and an average measured azimuthal resolution of 36 $\mu$rad provided precise reference tracks. Construction of this largest GEM detector built to-date is described. Strip cluster parameters, detection efficiency, and spatial resolution are studied with position and high voltage scans. The plateau detection efficiency is [97.1 $\pm$ 0.2 (stat)]\%. The azimuthal resolution is found to be [123.5 $\pm$ 1.6 (stat)] $\mu$rad when operating in the center of the efficiency plateau and using full pulse height information. The resolution can be slightly improved by $\sim$ 10 $\mu$rad when correcting for the bias due to discrete readout strips. The CMS upgrade design calls for readout electronics with binary hit output. When strip clusters are formed correspondingly without charge-weighting and with fixed hit thresholds, a position resolution of [136.8 $\pm$ 2.5 stat] $\mu$rad is measured, consistent with the expected resolution of strip-pitch/$\sqrt{12}$ = 131.3 $\mu$rad. Other $\eta$-sectors of the detector show similar response and performance.Comment: 8 pages, 32 figures, submitted to Proc. 2014 IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symposium, Seattle, WA, reference adde

Observation of the Baryonic Flavor-Changing Neutral Current Decay Lambda_b -> Lambda mu+ mu-

We report the first observation of the baryonic flavor-changing neutral current decay Lambda_b -> Lambda mu+ mu- with 24 signal events and a statistical significance of 5.8 Gaussian standard deviations. This measurement uses ppbar collisions data sample corresponding to 6.8fb-1 at sqrt{s}=1.96TeV collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. The total and differential branching ratios for Lambda_b -> Lambda mu+ mu- are measured. We find B(Lambda_b -> Lambda mu+ mu-) = [1.73+-0.42(stat)+-0.55(syst)] x 10^{-6}. We also report the first measurement of the differential branching ratio of B_s -> phi mu+ mu- using 49 signal events. In addition, we report branching ratios for B+ -> K+ mu+ mu-, B0 -> K0 mu+ mu-, and B -> K*(892) mu+ mu- decays.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Measurements of differential cross sections of Z/gamma*+jets+X events in proton anti-proton collisions at sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV

We present cross section measurements for Z/gamma*+jets+X production, differential in the transverse momenta of the three leading jets. The data sample was collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron proton anti-proton collider at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1 fb-1. Leading and next-to-leading order perturbative QCD predictions are compared with the measurements, and agreement is found within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties. We also make comparisons with the predictions of four event generators. Two parton-shower-based generators show significant shape and normalization differences with respect to the data. In contrast, two generators combining tree-level matrix elements with a parton shower give a reasonable description of the the shapes observed in data, but the predicted normalizations show significant differences with respect to the data, reflecting large scale uncertainties. For specific choices of scales, the normalizations for either generator can be made to agree with the measurements.Comment: Published in PLB. 11 pages, 3 figure