The seaweeds are used for the production of polysaccharides such as agar, algin, carragennan and they are harvested from intertidal regions along the southeast shores of India. The resource potential from intertidal regions was estimated (Anon 1978

Chennubhotla, V S Krishnamurthy

Kaliaperumal, N

Kalimuthu, S

Mal, T K

Muniyandi, K

Ramalingam, J R

Rao, K Rama

Rao, P V Subba

Subbaramaiah, K

CMFRI Digital Repository

Seaweed Res. Utiln 15 (1 & 2): 177-182 SEAWEED RESOURCES OFF TAMIL NADU COAST: SECTOR II. ALANTHALI - MANAPAD AND VEMBAR - NALLATHANNI THIVU P.V. Subba Rao, Ie Rama Rao, T.K. Mal and K. Subbarnmaiah CSMCRI - Marine Algal Research Station, Mandapam - 623518, Tamil Nadu N. Kaliaperumal, S. Ka1imuthu, Ie Muniandi, J.R. Ramalingam & V.S.K. Chennubhotla' Regional Centre <if Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Marine Fisheries - 623 520, Tamil Nadu Abstract The Seaweed resources survey in the deepwater of Tam~ Nad!l coast was don~ in the area between Alantbali and Manapad and between Vembar and Nallathanni Thivu (lat. 8° 57' - 9° 4'N & 8° 27'N and long. 78° 35'E & 78° 6' - 78° - 14'E) during March - April 1988. During this survey, in all 76 species of marine algae were recorded of which II species belonged to Chlorophyta, 14 to Phaeophyta and 51 to Rhodophyta 3 species of sea grasses namely Cymedaco rotunda, Halophila eWJlis and H. stipuJaco were also encountered. The estimates for the dominant species (in tons) were: Codium tomontosum 8090; Halimeda macroloba 3800; Spatoglossum asperum 9290; Dictyota maximam 750; Halymeni venusta 2530; H. dilatata 3550; H. jlorosia 3440',Amphiroa anastromosans 1130; Agardhiella robusta 980;Solioria robusta 2430; Scinaia bongalica 1250; Gracilaria textor;; 630; Hypnea musciformis 980; H. esperi 580; of these,Graci/aria spp, and Hypnea spp could be exploited for the indigenous production of agar and carrageenan respectivelu by the seaweeO based industries. A comparison of the vegetation with the that recorded in the I sector - of Tuticorin and Tiruchendur and the. ill sector - Valinok.kam - Kilakkarai and Manapad - Kanyalcumari revealed the following features; The standing crop biomass wet in II sector recorded 42,100 tons with 26% I?roductive area and biomass density of 95 tons/km' were found to be higher (l sector 9,100 tons; 19% 14 tonS/km'; ill sector 6,000 tons; 30 tons/km'). In the species compostion also, II sector recorded maximum number of species 76 (58 in I sector a,nd 33 in ill sector). In distribution the following 14 species were common to all the 3 sectors; Halimed:l macroloba, Dicryota maxima, D. dichotlima , Padina pavonica, Spalogiossum asperum, Scinaia bongalica, Halymenia jlorosia , H . .onusta, Graci/aria lox/orii, Sarcodia indica, Solieria robus/a, Hypnea musciformis, H. valentiae and Haloplogma, duperreyi. and the following 15 species showed restricted distribution in the II sector only;Enteromorpho compressa, Zonaria variegala , Sargassum plagiophyllum, Amphiroa anaslromosans, Jania adhaerens, Halymenia diialata,H. porphyroides, Halimenia sp Graci/aria millardetii, G. dura, Agardhiella rebusta, Champia compressa, C. porvula, Spyridiajilamentosa and Chodria hypnoides. Introduction The seaweeds are used for the production of polysaccharides such as agar, algin, carragennan and they are harvested from intertidal regions along the southeast shores of India. The resource potential from intertidal regions was estimated (Anon 1978). To meet the demand of the raw material • Present oddres.: Research Centre of CMF!U:itirucoy - 682 5559; Union Teritory of Lakshadweep. 178 , 40 , 35 , 30 o I 8 Z5 II PUNNAIKKAVAL • VIRAPANOIYAN. PATTINAM ••.••....•••....••.•..... 26 ....................... 24 I 5Km I 10' __ ~,.t j:r:t Fig. 1. Map showing the location of transects and stations surveyed in the southern zono from Alantalai to Manapad. I 10 • 9 5!5 N t OPPllAN TERKUMUKI<AIVUR • • KANNIRAJA PURAM Nallatannl Shalli 0 Tlvu gTivu • Upputanni OTivu T ~\ _";'T!:2~. _~T~~r-- ~ ... . . . • • • • • • • • · • • • • · · • · · · • • • · • 2~ • • • • • • · ~ : • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • io • • · • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20 • • • • • • • • • • • , • • · • • • • 5Krn Fig. 2. Map showing the location of transects and stations surveyed in the northem zone from Verrbar to Nallatanni TlVu . ' · 179 180 for the growing induslries, it has become necessary to explore the underwater beds. Earlier qualitative surveys of seaweeds representing deeper waters off Tuticorin were conducted (Vanna 1960; Mahadevan and Nagappan Nayar, 1967). New under a colloborative project, CSMCRI & CMFRI have sutveyed the deeper waters to locate the seaweeds and assess their quantities, from eastern shores of India i.e. from Kanyakumari to Rameswaram. For convenience the coast is divided into four sectors, viz sector I : Tuticorin _ TiruchOOur, sector II: Alanthalai - Manad and Vembar - NaUathanni Thivu; Sector III; Valinokkam - Kilakkarai and Manapad - Kanyakumari and sector: IV Kilakkarai _ Rarneswann. And the resource estimates of the first three sectors have already been published as reports, (Anon 1988; 1989; 1990). In this paper the resources estimated in the II sector; Alanthalai -Manapad and Vembar - NaUathanni Thivu are presented. Methods The survey in the area between Alanthalai and Manapad (lat go 57 - 9° 4 'N and long. 78"35 'E) and between Vembar and NaUathanni Thivu (lat. go 27'N and long. 78° 6' - 78° 14'E) was done during March - April 1988. The area between Alanthalai and Manapad was divided into 3 transacts whereas the area betwen Vembar and Nallathanni Thivu into 5 transacts at 5 lcm intervals, horizontal to the shore (Fig 1 & 2). The seaweeds were collected by 'Scuba' divin¥ from one square metre area along each transact at 500 m intervals. The number of sampling stations varied from 20 to 26 in the Alanthalai - Manapad region (Souther zone) with the depth ranging from 10.0 to 19.5m, while in the Vember - NaUathanni Thivu (Northern zone) the same varied from 20 to 25 stations with the depth ranging from 6.0 to 20.0m. The seaweed samples were soned out specieswise and the fresh weight of each species detennined. They were later preserved lIS herbarium and liquid specimens. Taking the area on aU sides of the sampling stations into consideration the biomass for 2 .. 5 sq. k.m. area was computed. The estimates of all the sampling stations was added to give the total standing crop in the area supponing the seaweed growth. In the same manner the speciewise resource estimates and the area covered by them were obtained. The estimates for the species were given only when the biomass measured 5g (wet)!m' and above. Results The substratum consisted of either sand. silt, rocks and rocks covered with mud or coral stones. The seaweeds generally occurred on the rocky! coral substratum. In the Alanthalai - Manapad region, the total area surveyed was 175km'. Of 70 stations sampled in the 3 transects only 22 stations supported vegetation. In aU 22 general and 28 species of algae were recorded of which 3 genera and 4 species belong to Chlorophyta, 5 genera and 5 species to Phaeophyta and 14 genera and 19 species to Rhodophyta. The standing crop of 16 species (those of 5 g and above per m'j measured 128112.5 tons. (Table 1). Estimates for the following 6 species were above 500 tons (wet): Spaloglassum asperum 5140;Halymenia venusla 1690, Solieria robusraI580,scinaia bongalica 1250;Codium IOmoruessum 1030; and Dicryola mtuima 750. Only one species of sea grass Halophila scipulacos was recorded in the surveyed area. In Vembar - Nallathanni Thivu region, the IOta1 area surveyed was 268 kIn'. of the 107 sampling stations surveyed only 24 were found 10 suppon the seaweed growth. In aU 20 genml and 27 species pf algae w~ recorded of which 3 genml and 3 species belonged 10 Chlorophyta, 4 genml and 5 species to Phaeophyta, and 13 genml and 19 species 10 Rhodophyts. The total standing crop of 19 181 Table· 1 Standing crop of Seaweeds off Alal)thalai -Mana pad Transect number and S.No. Seaweed wet weij!ht (tons~ Total 1 2 3 (tons~ Green Algae I. Codium tomotousm 1025.0 1025.0 Brown Algae 2. Ectocarpus i"ogularis 25.0 25.0 50.0 3. Dictyota maxima 750.0 750.0 4. Padina pavonica 75.0 750.0 5. Spatoglossum asperum 3525.0 612.5 1000.0 5137.5 6. Sargassum tonorrimum 250.0 250.0 Red Algae 7. Scinaia bengalica 1150.0 100.00 1250.0 8. Chondrococcus hornomanli 12.5 12.5 9. Halymeniaflorosia 475.0 475.0 10. H. Prophyroides 225.0 225.0 II. H. vonusta 850.0 837.5 1687.5 12. Gracilaria millardetii 75.0 75.0 13. Agardhiella rebusta 125.0 125.0 14. Solieria robusta 550.0 150.0 875.0 1575.0 15. C hondria hypnoides 25.0 25.0 16. Polysiphonia tuticorinonsis 75.0 75.0 Total 8212.5 1950.0 2650.0 12812.5 species (those of 5 g and above per m') was found be to 29337.5 tons (Table 2). Estimates for the following 12 species exceeded 500 tons (wet): Codium tomenstossum70f1J; SpalOglassum asperum 4150; Halimeda macroloba 3800; Halymenia dilatata 3550;H.j/orosia 3440;H.venusta 840;Amphiroa anastromaransl130; Agardhiella robusta 980;Hypnea musciformis 980; Soliera reb'lSla 850; Cracilaria taxtom 630 and Hypnea osperi 580. There species of sea 1!f3SSes, viz Cymodacoa rotunda, Halophila ovalis and H. stipulacea were encountered in the region. Discussion In this sector II, the seaweeds were inhibited on the coral and rocky substratum as observed in the I sector survey (tuticorin - Tiruchandur) (Anon 1989) and III sector survey (Valinokkam -Kilakkarai and Manapad - KayaJrumari) (Anon 1990). The present survey has revealed the greater biomass of deepwater algal vegetation as compared to the already reponed intertidal algal resources. In the intertidal sunery 17 and 10 algal species in Alanthali - Manapad and Vembar - NaJlathanni Thivu respectively were recorded, whereas in the present deepwater survey the respective number of algal species extended to 28 and 27. Funher deepwater algal vegetation is found to be distinct in species compostion from the respective intertidal flora, except Spatoglassum asperum (Alanthalia - Manapad), Sargassumplagiplyl/um and I;Jpnea musciformis (Vembar - NaJlathanni Thivu) (Anon 1978). The II sector recorded 42,100 tons (wet) standing crop with 26% productive area and a biomass density of 95 tonslkm' (in Southern zone Alanthali - Manapad, the the standing crop 12,800 tons, with 31 % productive area and the bomass density 73 tonslkm' and in Nonhem zone Vembar - Nallathanni Thivu, the standing crop 29,300 tons, with 22% productive area the biomass density 109 tonslkm'). In comparison I sector (fruticorin -Tiruchandur) exhibited a standing crop of 9,100 tons with 19% 182 .' , I, , L Table·2 Standing crop of Seaweeds off Vember - Nallathanni Thivu S.No. Seaweeds Green Algae 1. Codium tomentosum 2. Halimeda macroloba BruwnAigae 3. ~og/e5SUl't-(13perum 4. Zonaria variegala Red Algae 5. AmplUroa anastrornosans 6. Cryptenamia coriacea 7. Halymenia dilatala 8. H. f10resia 9. H. perphyroides 10. H. vellUSta 11. Halymenia sp 12. Gracilaria dura 13. G. teJCtorii 14. Sarcodia indica 15. AgardlUella robusta 16. Silieria robusta 17_ ..l/'lfJIJJ'lUspeci 18. H. musciformis 19. Haleplegma d/qJe"eyi Total 1 5100.0 1512.5 Transoct number and wet weight (tons) 2 3 4 1450.0 300.0 350.0 162.5 562.5 1400.0 750.0 2375.0 925.0 100.0 12.5 875.0 2725.0 325.0 837.5 175.0 850.0 875.0 125.0 175.0 125.0 125.0 2275.0 325.0 362.5 187.5 975.0 625.0 175.0 575.0 100.0 825.0 225.0 25.0 100.0 37.5 25.0 212.5 14125.0 5900.0 6275.0 2962.5 5 Total (tons) 7062.5 25.0 3800.0 4150.0 12.5 1125.0 125.0 50.0 3550.0 3437.5 325.0 837.5 187.5 175.0 625.0 175.0 975.0 850.0 575.0 975.0 375.0 75.0 29337.5 productive area and 14 tonSl1crn' biomass density (in the Southern zone Tuticorin - Tiruchandur, the standing crop 7063 tons with 23% productive area and 21 tons/km' biomass donsity aDd in the Northern zone Tuticorin Kattapadu the standing crop 2037.5 tons wilh 16% productive area and 6.4 tonSl1crn' bimass donsity) (Anon, 1989), while ill sector (Valinokkam - Kililkkarai and Manapad -Kanyakumari) revealed a standing crop of 6,000 tons with 14% productive area and 30 ton,lkm' biomass density which was found in Northern zone (Valinokkam - Kililkkarai) only. The Southern zone (Manapad - Kanyakumari) was devoid of vegetation and hence this area sampled was oot considered for calculating productive area and biomass density for the ill sector exhibited higher biomass and biomass density together with productive area. 183 Of the totlll number of 76 algal species found in both regions, 26 species were common. [n species compostion also, II sector recorded maximum number of species 76, when compared to I sector (58) and III sector (33). 14 species were found commonly distributed in all the 3 sectors; Halimeda macroloba; Dictyola I>UJXima, D. dichotoma, Padima pavonica, Spaloglossum asperum, Scinaia bengalica, Halymenia f/orosia, H. venusla, Gracilaria teXlorii, Sarcodia indica, Solieria rebusta, Hypnea musciformis, H. valentiae . and Halopegma duperreyi. However 15 spcies showed restricted elistribution, only in II sector; Enteromorpha compressa, umaria variegala, Sargassum plagiophyllum, Amphiroa anastromosanas, Halymenia sp. Graci/aria millardetii, G. dura. Agardhiel/a rob USIa, Champia compressa, C. parvula, Spiridiajilamonlosa and Chondria hypnoides. In the final analysis from the seaweed resources of the II sector Gracilaria .spp . .and Hypnea spp could be exploited for the ineligenous production of agar and carrageenam respectively by the seaweed based industries. Acknowledgements The authors express their indebtendness to Prof. M.M. Taque Khan, Director, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar and to Dr. P.S.B.R. James, Director, Centrantlll Marine Fisheries Research Institute provided during this study. Literature cited Anon 1978 A report on the Seaweed resources off Tamil Nadu coast, Inelia II sector; Alanthalai -Manapad and Vembar - Nallathanni Thiru CSMCRJ & CMFRI pp. 1-30 Anon 1989 A report on the seaweed resources off the Tuticorin - Tiruchandur coast, Tamil Nadu, India I seClor : Tuticorin - Tiruchandur. CMFRI & CSMCRI pp 1-19 Anon 1990 A report on the seaweed resources off Tamil Nadu coast, Inclia III sector : Valinokkam -Kilakkarai and Manpad - Kanayakumari CMFRI & CSMCRJ (in press) Kaliaperumal, N. S. Kalimuthu, K. Muniyaneli, J.R.Ramlingam, V.S.K.Chennubotla, K. Rama Rao, P.V. Subba Rao, P.C. Thomas S.H. Zaieli & K. Subramaiah, 1991 Seaweed resources off Tamil Nadu coast : Sector ill Valinokkam - Kilakkarai and Manapad - Kanyakumari Presented at All Inelia Symposium on Aiagae in Human Affairs & Environment during 21st -23rd Feb. '91 at A.V.V.M. Shri Pushpam College, Pooneli. Mahadevan, S & K. Nagappan Nayar 1967 Under water ecological observations in the Gulf of Mannar off Tuticorin 1. mar. bioI. Ass. India 9 (I): 147-163 Varma, R.P. 1960 Flora of pearls beds off Tuticorin J. mar. bioI. Ass. Inclia 2 (2) : 221-225 

Seaweed resources off Tamil Nadu coast: Sector II. Alanthali - Manapad and Vembar – Nallathanni Thivu

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Seaweed resources off Tamil Nadu coast: Sector II. Alanthali - Manapad and Vembar – Nallathanni Thivu

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