Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

A mulher e o parto no Brasil: desumanização do nascer?

The present work is a prerequisite for the conclusion of the Master's degree in Social Work at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, having childbirth and women in Brazil as objects of study. Debates were developed about birth in history, analyzing pre-capitalist Brazilian society and the transformations that capitalism brought to this event. In addition, guidelines that the women's movement historically brings about sexual and reproductive rights and childbirth were presented, besides the State's responses to these claims. Understanding the relevance of the humanization movement of care and childbirth to the current situation of birth, bibliographic research was carried out regarding the conception of humanization itself, as well as its application in the real movement, according to the works published on the Scielo platform from 2003 to the present days. The results reinforce a conception of the policy related to care and changes in the care paradigm, beyond affirming the importance of professionals such as nurses and doulas, and the necessary modification of the central and hierarchical role of doctors in the delivery process. Presenting the limits and contradictions of this debate detached from the social determinations that involve the practice, we try to make a synthesis of the central elements for a proposal that recognizes the limits of this in the bourgeois society and that, then, manages to capture the movement of the real to base the proposal of humanization advocated in the present work. We believe that this dissertation contributes to the construction of a historical panorama about birth in Brazil and presents a new proposal, in the Marxist field of real analysis, to approach the contradictions and phenomena that involve childbirth.O presente trabalho configura pré-requisito para conclusão de curso de Mestrado em Serviço Social da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, tendo como objeto o parto e a mulher no Brasil. Foram desenvolvidos debates a respeito do nascer na história, analisando a sociedade brasileira pré-capitalista e as transformações que o capitalismo traz a esse evento. Além disso, foram apresentadas pautas que o movimento de mulheres traz historicamente a respeito dos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e do parto, além das respostas do Estado para essas reivindicações. Compreendendo a relevância do movimento de humanização da assistência e do parto para a conjuntura atual do nascer, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica a respeito da concepção da humanização em si, bem como sua aplicação no movimento real, de acordo com os trabalhos publicados na plataforma Scielo a partir de 2003. Os resultados obtidos reforçam uma concepção da política relacionada ao cuidado e mudanças no paradigma da assistência, além de afirmarem a importância de profissionais como enfermeiras e doulas, e a necessária modificação do papel central e hierarquizado dos médicos no processo do parto. Apresentando os limites e contradições desse debate descolado das determinações sociais que envolvem a prática, procuramos fazer uma síntese dos elementos centrais para uma proposta que reconheça os limites desta na sociedade burguesa e que, então, consiga captar o movimento do real para embasar a proposta de humanização defendida no presente trabalho. Acreditamos que essa dissertação contribui para a construção de um panorama histórico a respeito do nascer no Brasil, além de apresentar nova proposta, no campo marxista de análise da realidade, para tratar as contradições e fenômenos que envolvem o parto.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorPROQUALI (UFJF

Serviço social : questão social, território e política social

Cassab, Maria Aparecida Tardin , Batistoni, Maria Rosangela - Prefácio;Duriguetto, Maria Lúcia , Iamamoto, Marilda Villela - Apresentação.-

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger

International audienceOn 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of $\sim 1.7\,{\rm{s}}$ with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg(2) at a luminosity distance of ${40}_{-8}^{+8}$ Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 $\,{M}_{\odot }$. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at $\sim 40\,{\rm{Mpc}}$) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ∼10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position $\sim 9$ and $\sim 16$ days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC 4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta