Taming Rebellion in South America, 1830-1929

South America was plagued by internal conflict during the 19th century that destabilized the region’s economies and political systems. At the beginning of the 20th century, however, levels of political violence throughout the region declined dramatically. Existing scholarship has paid surprisingly little attention to this historic transformation in part because of the absence of comprehensive data on revolts. Drawing on the work of historians, we create a comprehensive dataset on revolts in ten South American countries from 1830 to 1929, and we develop an original typology of revolts based on the origins of the rebel leaders. We find that revolts from outside the state apparatus declined dramatically during this period, while revolts from inside the state, such as coups, did not. We hypothesize that increases in the size and professionalization of the military, which were driven by the export boom and the threat of international conflict, are fundamental to explain these regional patterns. We test the observational implications of our theory through historical narratives and a series of regression analyses on cross-national time-series data

La función municipal en la aplicación de la norma ambiental sobre la contaminación del aire en distrito Puente Piedra, 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general, Analizar la función Municipal en la aplicación de la norma ambiental sobre la contaminación del aire en distrito de Puente Piedra, 2022; enfocado en la importancia de la función Municipal, en la aplicación de las normas en materia ambiental, para contrarrestar la contaminación del aire, teniendo como principal finalidad mejorar la calidad de vida de la población urbana. La metodología aplicada de enfoque cualitativo, con tipo de estudio básico, siendo el diseño la teoría fundamentada, y el nivel de investigación descriptivo, con estudio no experimental; asimismo para la obtención de los datos se aplicó la técnica de la entrevista y análisis documental, con sus respectivos instrumentos; se concluye en el presente estudio, que efectivamente existe una deficiente aplicación de la norma ambiental por parte de los funcionarios para contrarrestar la contaminación del aire; lo que conlleva a la incomodidad de los habitantes del distrito de Puente Piedra afectando su integridad, asimismo urge aplicar dentro del Plan Anual de Evaluación y Fiscalización ambiental (PLANEFA) acciones de fiscalización, control y monitoreo de la calidad del aire, con la finalidad de regular acciones ambientales, debido a que es un distrito con altos índices de contaminación de aire

El nuevo comportamiento del paciente diabético frente a la terapia insulínica post vacunación covid de los hospitales públicos, Piura 2022

Esta importante investigación busca conocer y llamar la atención de la comunidad piurana para socializar la importancia del tratamiento insulínico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus. El objetivo de esta presente investigación consistió en determinar que factor afecta en el nuevo comportamiento del paciente diabético frente a la terapia insulínica post vacunación covid de los hospitales públicos, Piura 2022. Así mismo la metodología utilizada fue con diseño no experimental con un enfoque cuantitativo y un nivel descriptivo, en la que se empleó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumento de recolección de datos el cuestionario con escala de Likert, mismo que se ejecutó de manera virtual basado en los factores del comportamiento de Philip Kotler, cuyas dimensiones son los factores culturales, sociales, personales y psicológicos. Este instrumento se suministró a un total de 400 pacientes con diabetes mellitus, cuyos resultados arrojaron lo siguiente, se pudo ultimar que estos factores afectan el comportamiento del paciente diabético en un orden de escala moderada, teniendo en cuenta que los factores culturales afectan al paciente en un 51%, los factores sociales actualmente vienen afectando al paciente con un 55%, los factores personales con un 49%, y por último los factores psicológicos que se vienen presentando de una manera muy débil con un 24%, se concluye de la investigación que los factores en estudio son verdaderamente importantes al momento de tomar una decisión cuando de salud se habla, más aún si se trata de tomar una decisión relevante a un tratamiento que busca mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas

Sistema de monitorización meteorológico y ambiental con componentes de bajo coste y gestión de mensajería MQTT

Este proyecto consiste en la creación de un prototipo de IoT compuesto por un microcontrolador y una serie de sensores, capaz de monitorizar métricas relacionadas con la meteorología y el ambiente. A su vez, se detalla la creación de una arquitectura capaz de ofrecer la transmisión, almacenamiento y visualización de estos datos de dos formas distintas. Se miden un total de siete métricas entre las cuales se encuentran la temperatura, humedad, presión atmosférica, calidad del aire, detección de lluvia, detección de luz y altitud y se proporcionan dos formas de monitorización basadas en dos plataformas distintas como son una aplicación móvil y un software libre. Estos dos sistemas se encuentran basados en dos protocolos de comunicación tales como Bluetooth y Wifi, otorgando al proyecto un amplio abanico de funcionalidadesThis project consists of the creation of an IoT prototype composed by a microcontroller and a group of sensors, capable of monitoring metrics related to meteorology and the environment. In turn, the creation of an architecture capable of offering the transmission, storage and visualization of this data in two different ways is detailed. A total of seven metrics are being measured, among which are temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, air quality, rain detection, light detection and altitude. Moreover, two forms of monitoring are provided based on two different platforms such as a mobile application and free monitoring dashboard. These two systems are based on two different wireless communication protocols. In particular Bluetooth and Wifi, giving the project a wide range of functionalities.Aquest projecte consisteix en la creació d'un prototip de IoT compost per un microcontrolador i una sèrie de sensors, capaç de monitorar mètriques relacionades amb la meteorologia i l'ambient. Al seu torn, es detalla la creació d'una arquitectura capaç d'oferir la transmissió, emmagatzematge i visualització d'aquestes dades de dues formes diferents. Es mesuren un total de set mètriques entre les quals es troben la temperatura, humitat, pressió atmosfèrica, qualitat de l'aire, detecció de pluja, detecció de llum i altitud i es proporcionen dues formes de monitoratge basades en dues plataformes diferents com són una aplicació mòbil i un programari lliure. Aquests dos sistemes es troben basats en dos protocols de comunicació com ara Bluetooth i Wifi, oferint al projecte un ampli ventall de funcionalitats

Pre-Inflationary Spacetime in String Cosmology

Seiberg and Witten have shown that the non-perturbative stability of string physics on conformally compactified spacetimes is related to the behaviour of the areas and volumes of certain branes as the brane is moved towards infinity. If, as is particularly natural in quantum cosmology, the spatial sections of an accelerating cosmological model are flat and compact, then the spacetime is on the brink of disaster: it turns out that the version of inflationary spacetime geometry with toral spatial sections is marginally stable in the Seiberg-Witten sense. The question is whether the system remains stable before and after Inflation, when the spacetime geometry is distorted away from the inflationary form but still has flat spatial sections. We show that it is indeed possible to avoid disaster, but that requiring stability at all times imposes non-trivial conditions on the spacetime geometry of the early Universe in string cosmology. This in turn allows us to suggest a candidate for the structure which, in the earliest Universe, forbids cosmological singularities.Comment: Final version to appear in NPB, 27 pages including 1 eps figur

Source characteristics of a 5.5 magnitude earthquake that occurred in the transform fault system

Abstract Portable and permanent broadband seismic stations in the neighborhood of the Gulf of California recorded a moment magnitude M w 5.5 event on 26 November 1997. This is the first time that a moderate event located in the Gulf of California extensional province was well recorded by local broadband seismic stations. The event was located at 29.754Њ N and 113.708Њ W and at a focal depth of 5.0 km in the southeastern end of the transform fault that connects the lower and upper Delfin basins. The hypocentral location and the results of the wave modeling indicate that this is a complex event that originated in the pull-apart Delfin basin. The focal mechanism estimated from first motions ( ‫ס‬ 310Њ, d ‫ס‬ 83Њ, k ‫ס‬ 97Њ) and body-wave modeling of P waves in the frequency band 0.05-0.5 Hz suggests that the rupture started with dip-slip (reverse faulting) motion and ended releasing the bulk of energy through strike-slip motion. Synthetics of surface waves in the frequency band 0.05-0.1 Hz were also calculated using a triangular source-time function of 3 sec. The best match between the synthetics and observed surface waves recorded at 90 km from the epicenter was obtained using a fault geometry defined by a strike of 330Њ ‫ע‬ 15, dip 85Њ ‫ע‬ 5, and slip of 165Њ ‫ע‬ 15. The spectral analysis of the Lg phase recorded at stations in the Peninsular Ranges gives a seismic moment of 1.28 ‫ן‬ 10 17 N m (1.28 ‫ן‬ 10 24 dyne cm), a source radius of 6.3 km and a stress drop of 0.22 MPa (2.2 bar). The source parameters inferred with S-wave spectra and the same mode

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Measurement of electroweak WZ boson production and search for new physics in WZ + two jets events in pp collisions at √s=13TeV

A measurement of WZ electroweak (EW) vector boson scattering is presented. The measurement is performed in the leptonic decay modes WZ→ℓνℓ′ℓ′, where ℓ,ℓ′=e,μ. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV at the LHC collected with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The WZ plus two jet production cross section is measured in fiducial regions with enhanced contributions from EW production and found to be consistent with standard model predictions. The EW WZ production in association with two jets is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.2 (2.5) standard deviations. Constraints on charged Higgs boson production and on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-eight effective field theory operators are also presented

Guatemala Electoral Dataset-Legislative and Presidential Election Results, 1985-1999

Includes census dataLatin American Studie