9,283 research outputs found
Nature of Microscopic Black Holes and Gravity in Theories with Particle Species
Relying solely on unitarity and the consistency with large-distance black
hole physics, we derive model-independent properties of the microscopic black
holes and of short-distance gravity in theories with N particle species. In
this class of theories black holes can be as light as M_{Planck}/\sqrt{N} and
be produced in particle collisions above this energy. We show, that the micro
black holes must come in the same variety as the species do, although their
label is not associated with any conserved charge measurable at large
distances. In contrast with big Schwarzschildian ones, the evaporation of the
smallest black holes is maximally undemocratic and is biased in favor of
particular species. With an increasing mass the democracy characteristic to the
usual macro black holes is gradually regained. The lowest possible mass above
which black holes become Einsteinian is \sqrt{N} M_{Planck}. This fact uncovers
the new fundamental scale (below the quantum gravity scale) above which gravity
changes classically, and the properties of black holes and gravity are such as
if some extra dimensions open up, although no such input exists in the theory.
Our observations indicate that geometry of space may be an emergent concept
following from large number of species and the consistency with macro black
hole physics. We apply our findings to the phenomenological properties of the
micro black holes that can be observed at LHC for large N. Extrapolating our
findings to small N, one may ask whether the existence of quark and lepton
flavors is already an evidence for emergent extra dimensions at short
distances.Comment: 14 page
A supersymmetric matrix model: II. Exploring higher-fermion-number sectors
Continuing our previous analysis of a supersymmetric quantum-mechanical
matrix model, we study in detail the properties of its sectors with fermion
number F=2 and 3. We confirm all previous expectations, modulo the appearance,
at strong coupling, of {\it two} new bosonic ground states causing a further
jump in Witten's index across a previously identified critical 't Hooft
coupling . We are able to elucidate the origin of these new SUSY
vacua by considering the limit and a strong coupling
expansion around it.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
String Cosmology: Basic Ideas and General Results
After recalling a few basic concepts from cosmology and string theory, I will
outline the main ideas/assumptions underlying (our own group's approach to)
string cosmology and show how these lead to the definition of a two-parameter
family of ``minimal" models. I will then briefly explain how to compute, in
terms of those parameters, the spectrum of scalar, tensor and electromagnetic
perturbations, and mention their most relevant physical consequences. More
details on the latter part of this talk can be found in Maurizio Gasperini's
contribution to these proceedings.Comment: Latex file + 3 figures. Talk presented at the 3rd Colloque
Cosmologie, Paris, 7-9 June 9
Pre-bangian origin of our entropy and time arrow
I argue that, in the chaotic version of string cosmology proposed recently,
classical and quantum effects generate, at the time of exit to radiation, the
correct amount of entropy to saturate a Hubble (or holography) entropy bound
(HEB) and to identify, within our own Universe, the arrow of time. Demanding
that the HEB be fulfilled at all times forces a crucial "branch change" to
occur, and the so-called string phase to end at a critical value of the
effective Planck mass, in agreement with previous conjectures.Comment: Latex file, 8 pages, 1 Figur
A Simple/Short Introduction to Pre-Big-Bang Physics/Cosmology
A simple, non-technical introduction to the pre-big bang scenario is given,
emphasizing physical motivations, considerations, and consequences over
formalism.Comment: 15 pages, macros included, 4 figures, lecture presented at the Erice
School of Subnuclear Physics, 35th Course "Highlights: 50 Years Later",
Erice, Italy, August 26-September 4, 1997 revised version, references
updated, fig. 3 more precisely describe
Quantum hair and the string-black hole correspondence
We consider a thought experiment in which an energetic massless string probes
a "stringhole" (a heavy string lying on the correspondence curve between
strings and black holes) at large enough impact parameter for the regime to be
under theoretical control. The corresponding, explicitly unitary, -matrix
turns out to be perturbatively sensitive to the microstate of the stringhole:
in particular, at leading order in , it depends on a projection of the
stringhole's Lorentz-contracted quadrupole moment. The string-black hole
correspondence is therefore violated if one assumes quantum hair to be
exponentially suppressed as a function of black-hole entropy. Implications for
the information paradox are briefly discussed.Comment: 11 pages, no figures, typos corrected, discussion and references
added, version accepted for publication in Class. and Quantum Gravit
The emergence of noun and verb categories in the acquisition of French
This paper considers whether the child's early vocabulary shows signs of being organized into word categories. Two main kinds of evidence are looked for: 1. differential production of fillers (referred to here more neutrally as Prefixed Additional Elements); ii. relevant phonomoprhological variation for verb-words, and only in them. Results of analyses of natural speech production provided by the longitudinal studies of two French acquiring children followed between the ages of 1;3 and 2;3, show that there is a first period in which words seem to constitute one, formally undifferentiated, set. Differentiation between noun-words and verb-words appears progressively, as evidenced by the differential occurrence of PAEs in prenominal and in preverbal positions, and in the appearance of phonomorphologically relevant variations only in words that are verbs in the language. Looking at connected aspects of language, other péhenomena are observed to occur at the same time, in particular, a significant increase in the production of multiword speech, that becomes the dominant way of expression
Inflating, Warming Up, and Probing the Pre-Bangian Universe
Classical and quantum gravitational instabilities, can, respectively, inflate
and warm up a primordial Universe satisfying a superstring-motivated principle
of "Asymptotic Past Triviality". A physically viable big bang is thus generated
without invoking either large fine-tunings or a long period of post-big bang
inflation. Properties of the pre-bangian Universe can be probed through its
observable relics, which include: i) a (possibly observable) stochastic
gravitational-wave background; ii) a (possible) new mechanism for seeding the
galactic magnetic fields; iii) a (possible) new source of large-scale structure
and CMB anisotropy.Comment: Latex file, 17 pages, 5 figures, Based on two recent talks,
References update
String Cosmology: Concepts and Consequences
After recalling a few basic concepts from cosmology and string theory, I will
discuss the main ideas/assumptions underlying string cosmology and show how
these lead to a two-parameter family of ``minimal" models. I will then explain
how to compute, in terms of those parameters, the spectrum of scalar, tensor
and electromagnetic perturbations, point at their ( and -type) duality
symmetries, and mention their most relevant physical consequences.Comment: 21p, latex, epsf, 3 figures in uuencoded fil
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