62 research outputs found
The Evolution of Sunspot Magnetic Fields Associated with a Solar Flare
Solar flares occur due to the sudden release of energy stored in
active-region magnetic fields. To date, the pre-cursors to flaring are still
not fully understood, although there is evidence that flaring is related to
changes in the topology or complexity of an active region's magnetic field.
Here, the evolution of the magnetic field in active region NOAA 10953 was
examined using Hinode/SOT-SP data, over a period of 12 hours leading up to and
after a GOES B1.0 flare. A number of magnetic-field properties and low-order
aspects of magnetic-field topology were extracted from two flux regions that
exhibited increased Ca II H emission during the flare. Pre-flare increases in
vertical field strength, vertical current density, and inclination angle of ~
8degrees towards the vertical were observed in flux elements surrounding the
primary sunspot. The vertical field strength and current density subsequently
decreased in the post-flare state, with the inclination becoming more
horizontal by ~7degrees. This behaviour of the field vector may provide a
physical basis for future flare forecasting efforts.Comment: Accepted for Publication in Solar Physics. 16 pages, 4 figure
3D MHD Flux Emergence Experiments: Idealized models and coronal interactions
This paper reviews some of the many 3D numerical experiments of the emergence
of magnetic fields from the solar interior and the subsequent interaction with
the pre-existing coronal magnetic field. The models described here are
idealized, in the sense that the internal energy equation only involves the
adiabatic, Ohmic and viscous shock heating terms. However, provided the main
aim is to investigate the dynamical evolution, this is adequate. Many
interesting observational phenomena are explained by these models in a
self-consistent manner.Comment: Review article, accepted for publication in Solar Physic
The Origin, Early Evolution and Predictability of Solar Eruptions
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were discovered in the early 1970s when space-borne coronagraphs revealed that eruptions of plasma are ejected from the Sun. Today, it is known that the Sun produces eruptive flares, filament eruptions, coronal mass ejections and failed eruptions; all thought to be due to a release of energy stored in the coronal magnetic field during its drastic reconfiguration. This review discusses the observations and physical mechanisms behind this eruptive activity, with a view to making an assessment of the current capability of forecasting these events for space weather risk and impact mitigation. Whilst a wealth of observations exist, and detailed models have been developed, there still exists a need to draw these approaches together. In particular more realistic models are encouraged in order to asses the full range of complexity of the solar atmosphere and the criteria for which an eruption is formed. From the observational side, a more detailed understanding of the role of photospheric flows and reconnection is needed in order to identify the evolutionary path that ultimately means a magnetic structure will erupt
Customer emotions in service failure and recovery encounters
Emotions play a significant role in the workplace, and considerable attention has been given to the study of employee emotions. Customers also play a central function in organizations, but much less is known about customer emotions. This chapter reviews the growing literature on customer emotions in employee–customer interfaces with a focus on service failure and recovery encounters, where emotions are heightened. It highlights emerging themes and key findings, addresses the measurement, modeling, and management of customer emotions, and identifies future research streams. Attention is given to emotional contagion, relationships between affective and cognitive processes, customer anger, customer rage, and individual differences
Measurement of event-shape observables in Z→ℓ+ℓ− events in pp collisions at √ s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Event-shape observables measured using charged particles in inclusive
-boson events are presented, using the electron and muon decay modes of the
bosons. The measurements are based on an integrated luminosity of of proton--proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS detector at the
LHC at a centre-of-mass energy TeV. Charged-particle
distributions, excluding the lepton--antilepton pair from the -boson decay,
are measured in different ranges of transverse momentum of the boson.
Distributions include multiplicity, scalar sum of transverse momenta, beam
thrust, transverse thrust, spherocity, and -parameter, which are
in particular sensitive to properties of the underlying event at small values
of the -boson transverse momentum. The Sherpa event generator shows larger
deviations from the measured observables than Pythia8 and Herwig7. Typically,
all three Monte Carlo generators provide predictions that are in better
agreement with the data at high -boson transverse momenta than at low
-boson transverse momenta and for the observables that are less sensitive to
the number of charged particles in the event.Comment: 36 pages plus author list + cover page (54 pages total), 14 figures,
4 tables, submitted to EPJC, All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2014-0
PROFIL WISATAWAN MUSEUM RADYA PUSTAKA SURAKARTA
Anggit Margaret, C9407031 2011. Profil Wisatawan Museum
Radya Pustaka Surakarta. Program Studi Diploma III Usaha Perjalanan
Wisata Fakultas Sastra Dan Seni Rupa Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta.
Penelitian tugas akhir ini mengkaji tentang Profil Wisatawan di
Museum Radya Pustaka Surakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk
mengetahui dari daerah mana saja wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Museum
Radya Pustaka, bagaimana ciri-ciri wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Museum
Radya Pustaka serta harapan-harapan yang diinginkan wisatawan terhadap
Museum Radya Pustaka.
Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data
dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan narasumber wisatawan yang berkujung
di Museum Radya Pustaka Surakarta tempat penulis melakukan penelitian,
serta studi pustaka dan studi dokumen guna menambah sumber data.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Sebagian besar wisatawan
yang datang berasal dari Semarang sebesar 32%. (2) Mayoritas wisatawan
yang berkunjung ke Museum Radya Pustaka berusia antara 17-25 tahun dan
kebanyakan dari mereka adalah pelajar atau mahasiswa dengan prosentase
52%. (3) Sebagian besar wisatawan yang datang ke Museum Radya Pustaka
adalah bertujuan untuk melakukan penelitian yaitu sebesar 34%. (4) Harapan
wisatawan yang berkunjung terhadap kelangsungan Museum Radya Pustaka
sebagian besar adalah agar ditingkatkan lagi pengelolaan dan keamanan
museum, agar kejadian hilangnya benda-benda koleksi museum tidak terulang
lagi dikemudian hari.
Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa wisatawan yang berkujung
ke Museum Radya Pustaka Surakarta mayoritas berasal dari Semarang,
mayoritas berusia 17-25 tahun dan kebanyakan dari mereka adalah berprofesi
sebagai pelajar dan mahasiswa. Kebanyakan wisatawan yang datang bertujuan
untuk melakukan penelitian, serta harapan wisatawan terhadap Museum
Radya Pustaka adalah supaya lebih ditingkatkan lagi pengelolaan dan
keamanan museum
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.</p
Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol
High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol�which is a marker of cardiovascular risk�changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95 credible interval 3.7 million�4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)
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