Glutathione transferase activity and reduce glutathione content in the cytosol of rat gastric mucosa cells under carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine treatment

Aim. To determine the activity of glutathione transferase (GT) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the cytosol of the gastric mucosa cells in experimental gastrocarcinogenesis. Methods. The activity of GT was determined spectrophotometrically, the content of GSH was measured spectrofluorimetrically. Gastrocarcinogenesis was initiated by 10-week replacement of drinking water by 0.01 % solution of carcinogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, at the same time the rats were given a diet containing 5 % NaCl. Results. It was established that at the end of the 4th and 6th weeks of consumption of carcino- gen and NaCl, the activity of GT increased by 26 and 94 %, whereas the content of GSH increased by 135 and 85 %, respectively. After 12 weeks there was a decrease in the activity of GT by 50 % and the maximum decrease in the GSH concentration by 69 %. At the end of the 18th and 24th weeks it was recorded the increase in the activity of GT by 44 and 47 % and the decrease in the GSH content by 55 and 52 %. Conclusions. The changes in the activity of GT and GSH-content are evidence of the violation of glutathione homeostasis, which may cause the delay as well as initiation of development of the pathology. The reduction of GSH is established at the early stages of tumors formation. Keywords: glutathione transferase, reduced glutathione, gastric cancer.Мета. Визначити глутатіонтрансферазну (ГТ) активність і вміст відновленого глутатіону (GSH) у цитозолі клітин слизової оболонки шлунка за умов експериментального гастроканцерогенезу. Методи. ГТ-активність визначали спектрофотометричним методом, вміст GSH – методом спектрофлуориметрії. Гастроканцерогенез ініціювали 10-тижневою заміною питної води на 0,01 %-й розчин канцеро- гену N-метил-N'-нітро-N-нітрозогуанідину з одночасним переведенням щурів на корм, який містить 5 % NaCl. Результати. По закінченні 4- і 6-тижневого споживання щурами канцерогену і NaCl ГТ-активність зростала відповідно на 26 і 94 %, тоді як вміст GSH – на 135 і 85 %. Через 12 тижнів спостерігали зниження активності ГТ на 50 % і максимальне зменшення концентрації GSH на 69 %. Після 18 і 24 тижнів зафіксовано зростання ГТ-активності на 44 і 47 % та зниження вмісту GSH на 55 і 52 %. Висновки. Зміни ГТ-активності і концентрації GSH свідчать про порушення глутатіонового гомеостазу, що може призводити як до затримки, так і ініціації розвитку патології. Встановлено зниження вмісту GSH на ранніх стадіях формування пухлин. Ключові слова: глутатіонтрансфераза, відновлений глутатіон, рак шлунка.Цель. Определить глутатионтрансферазную (ГТ) активность и содержание восстановленного глутатиона (GSH) в цитозоле клеток слизистой оболочки желудка в условиях экспериментального гастроканцерогенеза. Методы. ГТ-активность определяли спектрофотометрическим методом, содержание GSH – методом спектрофлуориметрии. Гастроканцерогенез инициировали 10-недельной заменой питьевой воды на 0,01 %-й раствор канцерогена N-метил-N'-нитро-N-нитрозогуанидина с одновременным переводом крыс на корм, содержащий 5 % NaCl. Результаты. По окончании 4 и 6 недель потребления крысами канцерогена и NaCl ГТ-активность увеличилась соответственно на 26 и 94 %, тогда как содержание GSH – на 135 и 85 %. Через 12 недель наблюдали снижение ГТ-активности на 50 % и максимальное уменьшение концентрации GSH на 69 %. Спустя 18 и 24 недели зафиксировано возрастание активности ГТ на 44 и 47 %, а также снижение содержания GSH на 55 и 52 %. Выводы. Изменения ГТ- активности и концентрации GSH свидетельствуют о нарушении гомеостаза глутатиона, что может вызывать как задержку, так и инициацию развития патологии. Установлено снижение содержания GSH на ранних стадиях формирования опухолей. Ключевые слова: глутатионтрансфераза, восстановленный глутатион, рак желудка

The method for optimizing the iron content in the structural material Zr1%Nb for fuel element cladding of NPP nuclear reactors

The mathematical method of optimizing the amount of the alloying element Fe in structural zirconium alloys Zr1%Nb of fuel elements cladding of nuclear reactor-cores of nuclear power plants on the basis of physical experiments to increase their corrosion resistance is considered. Alloying the Zr1%Nb alloy with Fe is promising in the development of the technology for the production of domestic materials for fuel elements claddings for reactors with high reliability and safety. To process the results of experimental studies of corrosion of zirconium alloy with different Fe content, a mathematical method of two-dimensional polynomial comb regression was proposed with its implementation in the Python programming language based on the theory of “machine learning”. The application of this method made it possible to determine the optimal amount of the alloying element Fe for zirconium alloy Zr1%Nb of fuel elements cladding of nuclear power plant reactors with pressurized water.Розглянуто математичний метод оптимізації кількості легуючого елемента заліза Fe в конструкційних цирконієвих сплавах Zr1%Nb оболонок твелів активних зон ядерних реакторів АЕС на основі фізичних експериментів для підвищення їх корозійної стійкості. Легування сплаву Zr1%Nb залізом Fe є перспективним при розробці технології виготовлення вітчизняних матеріалів оболонок твелів для реакторів з високою надійністю і безпекою. Для опрацювання результатів експериментальних досліджень утворення корозії сплавів цирконію з різним вмістом заліза було запропоновано математичний метод двовимірної полiномiнальної гребеневої регресії з реалізацією його мовою програмування Python на основі теорії “машинного навчання”. Застосування цього методу дозволило визначити оптимальне значення необхідної кількості легуючого елемента заліза (Fe) для цирконієвих сплавів Zr1%Nb оболонок твелів реакторів АЕС з водою під тиском

Higher spin quaternion waves in the Klein-Gordon theory

Electromagnetic interactions are discussed in the context of the Klein-Gordon fermion equation. The Mott scattering amplitude is derived in leading order perturbation theory and the result of the Dirac theory is reproduced except for an overall factor of sixteen. The discrepancy is not resolved as the study points into another direction. The vertex structures involved in the scattering calculations indicate the relevance of a modified Klein-Gordon equation, which takes into account the number of polarization states of the considered quantum field. In this equation the d'Alembertian is acting on quaternion-like plane waves, which can be generalized to representations of arbitrary spin. The method provides the same relation between mass and spin that has been found previously by Majorana, Gelfand, and Yaglom in infinite spin theories

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of the Lambda(b) cross section and the anti-Lambda(b) to Lambda(b) ratio with Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda decays in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

The Lambda(b) differential production cross section and the cross section ratio anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) are measured as functions of transverse momentum pt(Lambda(b)) and rapidity abs(y(Lambda(b))) in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurements are based on Lambda(b) decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi Lambda, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to an opposite-sign muon pair and Lambda to proton pion, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 inverse femtobarns. The product of the cross section times the branching ratio for Lambda(b) to J/Psi Lambda versus pt(Lambda(b)) falls faster than that of b mesons. The measured value of the cross section times the branching ratio for pt(Lambda(b)) > 10 GeV and abs(y(Lambda(b))) < 2.0 is 1.06 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.12 nb, and the integrated cross section ratio for anti-Lambda(b)/Lambda(b) is 1.02 +/- 0.07 +/- 0.09, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Search for new physics in events with opposite-sign leptons, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in final states with a pair of opposite-sign isolated leptons accompanied by jets and missing transverse energy. The search uses LHC data recorded at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 inverse femtobarns. Two complementary search strategies are employed. The first probes models with a specific dilepton production mechanism that leads to a characteristic kinematic edge in the dilepton mass distribution. The second strategy probes models of dilepton production with heavy, colored objects that decay to final states including invisible particles, leading to very large hadronic activity and missing transverse energy. No evidence for an event yield in excess of the standard model expectations is found. Upper limits on the BSM contributions to the signal regions are deduced from the results, which are used to exclude a region of the parameter space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. Additional information related to detector efficiencies and response is provided to allow testing specific models of BSM physics not considered in this paper.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of isolated photon production in pp and PbPb collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 2.76 TeV

Isolated photon production is measured in proton-proton and lead-lead collisions at nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energies of 2.76 TeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta|<1.44 and transverse energies ET between 20 and 80 GeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The measured ET spectra are found to be in good agreement with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD predictions. The ratio of PbPb to pp isolated photon ET-differential yields, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions, is consistent with unity for all PbPb reaction centralities.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Measurement of the CP-Violating Asymmetry Amplitude sin2β\beta

We present results on time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in neutral B decays to several CP eigenstates. The measurements use a data sample of about 88 million Y(4S) --> B Bbar decays collected between 1999 and 2002 with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B Factory at SLAC. We study events in which one neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in a final state containing a charmonium meson and the other B meson is determined to be either a B0 or B0bar from its decay products. The amplitude of the CP-violating asymmetry, which in the Standard Model is proportional to sin2beta, is derived from the decay-time distributions in such events. We measure sin2beta = 0.741 +/- 0.067 (stat) +/- 0.033 (syst) and |lambda| = 0.948 +/- 0.051 (stat) +/- 0.017 (syst). The magnitude of lambda is consistent with unity, in agreement with the Standard Model expectation of no direct CP violation in these modes

Measurement of the mass difference between top quark and antiquark in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

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