Role of School Administration in Solving Students' Problems among Bedouin Schools within the Green Line in Palestine

The present study aimed to identify the role of the school administration in solving the students' problems and differences according to gender, scientific qualification, years of experience and job title. The sample consisted of (300) staff from those who are working in the Bedouin schools within the Green Line of Palestine. The author used a questionnaire in collecting data after verifying its validity and reliability. The results showed that the school administration in the Bedouin schools within the Green Line plays a moderate role in solving the problems of students. The domain of “the role of school administration in solving academic problems” ranked the first, and the results showed that there are no statistically significant differences due to the variables of gender scientific qualification, years of experience and job title in all domains of the questionnaire and the total questionnaire. The study concluded with some recommendations. Key words: School administration, student problems, Bedouin schools

Comparative study between purse–string suture and peritoneal disconnection with ligation techniques in the laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia in infants and children

Background Laparoscopic hernia repair in children is becoming more popular nowadays. A lot of laparoscopic techniques were described to repair inguinal hernia in infants and children; however, there are few reports on laparoscopic disconnection of the hernia sac at internal inguinal ring (IIR) as a method for hernia repair.Purpose The objective of this study was to compare intracorporeal purse–string suturing leaving the hernia sac in continuity and laparoscopic disconnection of the hernia sac at IIR and proximal closure of the peritoneum for repair of inguinal hernia in infants and children. A randomized prospective study was carried out in the Pediatric Surgery Unit of Alexandria University Hospitals (Alexandria, Egypt) on 40 male children.Patients and methods Forty male patients (48 repairs) were randomized into two equal groups (n= 20). Group A was subjected to intracorporeal purse–string suturing around the IIR leaving the hernia sac in continuity. Group B was subjected to disconnection of the hernia sac from the parietal peritoneum at the level of IIR, followed by proximal closure of the peritoneum. Inclusion criteria were as follows: male inguinal hernia, either unilateral or bilateral, and age between 6 months and 12 years. Exclusion criteria were as follows: female inguinal hernia, hernia with undescended testicles, recurrent inguinal hernia, and previous major lower abdominal surgery. The main outcome measurement was recurrence, and secondary outcome measurements were operative time, hospital stay, intraoperative complications, postoperative hematoma, postoperative testicular atrophy, and postoperative hydrocele formation.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups as regards age, sex, and mode of presentation. All cases were completed laparoscopically without conversion. Group A showed a significantly higher rate of recurrence as well as hydrocele formation compared with group B; however, there was no difference as regards the operative time, hospital stay, and testicular atrophy.Conclusion Laparoscopic hernia repair using the peritoneal closure following disconnection of the hernia sac is a safe and feasible method for hernial repair with minimal complications. It has a lower recurrence rate compared with the purse–string suturing alone, with no added risk for injury to the vas and vessels

The Degree of Application of the Arab School Principals’ within the Green Line of Electronic Management and its Relationship to the Development of Creativity among School teachers درجة تطبيق مديري مدارس الوسط العربي داخل الخط الأخضر للإدارة الإلكترونية وعلاقته بتنمية الإبداع لدى معلمي تلك المدارس

Abstract: The study aimed to identify the degree of Arab school principals within the Green Line in implementing E-management and its relationship to the development of creativity among teachers at those schools. The correlational descriptive approach was used, the sample consisted of (405) teachers who were chosen by simple random method. The results showed that the implementation degree of Arab school principals within the Green Line from the teachers’ point of view to E-management was medium, and that the level of creativity among teachers of Arab schools in the Green Line was high, and the existence of a positive correlation between the degree of implementation of principals in the Arab world in the Green Line for e-management and the level of creativity of teachers. ملخص: هدفت الدراسة تعرف دور مديري مدارس الوسط العربي داخل الخط الأخضر في تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية وعلاقته بتنمية الإبداع لدى معلمي تلك المدارس. استُخدٍم المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (405) معلمين ومعلمات في مدارس الوسط العربي داخل الخط الأخضر، تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة، واستخدمت الاستبانة كأداة للدراسة. أظهرت النتائج أنَّ درجة تطبيق مديري مدارس الوسط العربي داخل الخط الأخضر من وجهة نظر المعلمين للإدارة الإلكترونية جاءت متوسطة، وأن مستوى إبداع معلمي مدارس الوسط العربي داخل الخط الأخضر ومجالاته من وجهة نظر المعلمين جاء مرتفعاَ، ووجود علاقة ارتباطية موجبة بين درجة تطبيق مديري مدارس الوسط العربي داخل الخط الأخضر للإدارة الإلكترونية وبين مستوى إبداع المعلمين فيها من وجهة نظر المعلمين

Performance Analysis of Cooperative Diversity in Multi-user Environments

The article studies the performance of cooperative multi-relay networks with random numbers of accessing users. A cooperative diversity is achieved at the destination nodes by receiving multiple independent copies of the same signal from M relays when all relays participate in the second phase of data transmission. The overall spectral efficiency (SE) of the considered system is investigated and accurate analytical expressions for it are developed. Furthermore, the article discusses how system performance is affected by its parameters. Monte Carlo simulations are used to validate the analytical results. The results revealed that increasing relays number on the network can improve the system performance. The results also indicated that there was improvement in the performance when the number of users increased. However, the performance dropped when this number became close the relays number

The outcome of early-stage glottic carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy: Egyptian National Cancer Institute (NCI-Egypt) experience

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is an appropriate treatment option for early-stage glottic cancer (ESGC) that achieves high local control and preserves voice quality. However, the optimal radiation treatment schedule remains unknown. We present our institution's 14-year experience in treating ESGC with definitive radiotherapy between 2005 and 2019 inclusively. Materials and methods: We reviewed the medical records of 104 patients; 63 (60.5%) were treated with conventional fractionation (CF), and 41 (39.5%) were treated with hypofractionated radiotherapy (HF). The clinical T-stage was T1a in 50 patients (48%), T1b in 27 (26%), and T2 in 27 (26%). Age, gender, anterior commissure involvement, stage, radiotherapy technique, radiation fraction size, and overall treatment time (OTT) were analyzed as prognostic factors. The survival outcomes, local regional control (LRC), and laryngeal preservation rate were evaluated. Results: The 5-year overall survival (OS) and LCR were 83.3% and 78%, respectively. On univariate analysis,  treatment with CF (p = 0.02), prolonged OTT > 49 days in CF and > 40 days in HF (p = 0.04), and RT total dose < 66 Gy (p = 0.03) were associated with poor LRC. Multivariate analysis showed a non-significant association with LRC (all p > 0.05). The 5-year OS rate in the CF and HF-treated patients was 84.9% and 72.1%, respectively (p = 0.99), and in patients who had T1a, T1b, and T2 disease, were 78.2%, 96.0%, and 82.1%, respectively (p = 0.43). All patients and tumor variables showed no statistically significant association with OS. Only low-grade acute toxicity was observed. Conclusion: Non-inferiority results supported the HF schedule to ESGC, including high local disease control and decreased overall treatment time. Our study supports its efficacy in the primary care of ESGC with manageable side effects

A Proposed Vision of the Transformation of the Arab Universities into Smart Digital Universities

This research develops a proposed vision to transform Arab universities into smart digital universities. The descriptive research approach is used to achieve the research objectives. The research sample consists of 450 faculty members and 75 educational experts randomly selected by stratified random method. The questionnaire is adopted as a research instrument. The findings indicate that a proposed vision can be developed to transform Arab universities into smart digital universities by addressing several themes; the philosophical premises of the proposed vision, the features of the proposed vision “smart university administration, smart people, smart university environment, and knowledge network”, determining the requirements necessary to implement the proposed vision, setting the appropriate foundations for the proposed implementation and success in Arab universities, and demonstrating the potential challenges and threats that may stand in the way of implementing the proposed vision and methods to overcome them

Water-pipe smoking promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion of human breast cancer cells via ERK1/ERK2 pathways.

With the increasing popularity of water-pipe smoking (WPS), it is critical to comprehend how WPS may affect women's health. The main goal of this study is to identify the potential outcome of WPS on human breast cancer progression. Two breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and BT20, were used in this investigation. We explored the outcome of WPS on cell morphology and cell invasion using inverted microscope and Biocoat Matrigel invasion chambers. On the other hand, Western blot was employed to study the expression patterns of key control genes of cell adhesion and invasion. Our data reveal that WPS induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MCF7 and BT20 breast cancer cell lines; thus, WPS enhances cell invasion ability of both cell lines in comparison with their matched controls. More significantly, WPS provokes a down- and up-regulation of E-cadherin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), respectively, which are important key regulators of cancer progression genes. Finally, our data point out that WPS incites the activation of Erk1/Erk2, which could be behind the stimulation of EMT and invasion as well as the deregulation of E-cadherin and FAK expression. Our data show, for the first time, that WPS initiates EMT and stimulates cell invasion of breast cancer cells, which could incite metastatic development in breast cancer patients. Thus, we believe that further studies, both in vitro and in vivo, are required to elucidate the pathogenic outcome of WPS on cancer progression of several human carcinomas including breast

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication