Nonlinear dynamo action in rotating convection and shear

Copyright © 2005 Cambridge University Press. Published version reproduced with the permission of the publisherMagnetic field amplification by the motion of an electrically conducting fluid is studied, using a rotating plane-layer geometry. The fluid flow is driven by convection, and by a moving bottom boundary, which leads to an Ekman layer localized at the base of the system. The system thus has the structure of an interface dynamo, with convection lying over a thin layer of shear. The combination of shear in the Ekman layer and convection above leads to amplification of seed magnetic fields. In kinematic regimes the magnetic field is mostly localized in sheets in the shear layer, but thin tongues are pulled out by the convection above and folded. The nonlinear saturation of these growing fields is studied at moderately high values of magnetic Reynolds number and Taylor number. It is found that the sheets of field tend to gain fine-scale structure when the dynamo saturates, breaking up into tubes, and the fluid flow shows complex time-dependence. Although the magnetic field lies predominantly within the highly sheared Ekman layer, this flow remains remarkably unchanged despite the action of Lorentz forces. Instead, the effect of the field is to suppress or modify the convection above. A simple alpha-omega dynamo model is set up, and gives some insights into the dynamo processes occurring in the full magnetohydrodynamic simulation

Pola Asuh Anak Dalam Lingkungan Keluarga Polri (Studi Di Asrama Polda Riau Pekanbaru)

Pattern foster the maintenance of a child that is how parents treat, educate, guide and discipline and protecting the child. Based on the above, then the problem can be formulated as follows: "How do child care in a family environment and the Police Are family upbringing affect the child's social relationships outside the hostel". Based on the formulation of the above problems, the purpose of this study was to determine how parenting within the family and the police to find out if family upbringing affect the child's social relationships outside the hostel. Democratic Parenting, parents are rational, always takes action on the ratio or thoughts. Parents of this type also is the reality of the child's abilities, do not expect exceeds the limit of their ability. Parents of this type also gives freedom to children, to train and perform an action and its approach to children is warm. In accordance with the problems and objectives that have been formulated, then the population in this study is the entire family who live in dormitories Police Polda Riau. The author takes a sample using purposive sampling totaling 30 households. This research data collection instruments such as questionnaires and documentation. In analyzing the data using quantitative descriptive method. The research results parenting parents in the family, the police amounted to 64.96% categorized into Parenting in the Police Families Good. Parenting applied in the national police family is Democratic Parenting. Parenting impact on the child's social relationships outside the hostel dominant done by children of their families is the dominant National Police be polite to older, give a smile to greet friends, and exchanged greetings with each other when each other. Based on the results of the analysis showed that the percentage of 67.1% is in the range of 61% -80% value. Shows that the categorization of Parenting Family Impact on Social Relations Children outside the hostel was included in the category of Good

Simulations of nonlinear pore-water convection in spherical shells

Copyright © 2008 American Institute of PhysicsHydrothermal convection of pore water of uniform viscosity within a permeable, internally heated spherical shell bounded by two concentric spherical surfaces of inner radius ri and outer radius ro is investigated by fully three-dimensional numerical simulations based on a domain decomposition method. We first determine the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of hydrothermal convection by expressing linear solutions in terms of spherical Bessel functions. It is found that the basic motionless state becomes unstable with respect to an infinitesimal disturbance characterized by a spherical harmonic of degree l, the size of which is strongly dependent upon the aspect ratio ri/ro. However, the three-dimensional structure of convection cannot be determined by the stability analysis because of the mathematical degeneracy of the linear solution. A new numerical scheme using a finite difference method is then employed to simulate three-dimensional nonlinear convection near the onset of convection. When the aspect ratio (ro−ri)/ro is moderately small, a large number of different stable stationary patterns with exactly the same Rayleigh number are found by using different initial conditions. The solutions are relevant to the convectively forced circulation of water in the interiors of early solar system bodies and outer planet icy satellites

Maraîchage et affections digestives sur le site de Houéyiho en République du Bénin

Le site maraîcher de Houéyiho situé dans le domaine aéroportuaire de Cotonou connaît une importante activité maraîchère. Pour contribuer à l’amélioration de la santé des producteurs et des consommateurs et pourréduire les risques sanitaires et environnementaux, une étude a été faite en 2005. Une approche écosystémique basée sur la transdisciplinarité, la participation le genre et l’éthique a été utilisée. Des enquêtes, des observations ; des discussions de groupes ont été faites auprès de 283 maraîchers (producteurs, ouvriers et vendeurs de produits maraîchers travaillant sur le site de Houéyiho). Des analyses paracliniques et celles des eaux d’arrosage ont été également faites. Les résultats de l’enquête ont montré que la situation épidémiologique des maraîchers est  caractérisée par une forte fréquence des affections digestives dominées par l’amibiase (20%) et l’anémie (36,7%). Ces affections sont en liaison avec les germes pathogènes tels que : Entamoeba histolitica, Ankylostoma duedonalea contenus dans les eaux utilisées pour arroser les planches. Pour faire face aux pathologies identifiées, les maraîchers ont été traités, des latrines sont construites sur le site et des sensibilisations sur l’hygiène ont été faites avec des résultats encourageants.© 2013 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Maraîchage, affections digestives, Houéyiho, Cotonoou, Bénin

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

IL-10R Blockade during Chronic Schistosomiasis Mansoni Results in the Loss of B Cells from the Liver and the Development of Severe Pulmonary Disease

In schistosomiasis patients, parasite eggs trapped in hepatic sinusoids become foci for CD4+ T cell-orchestrated granulomatous cellular infiltrates. Since the immune response is unable to clear the infection, the liver is subjected to ongoing cycles of focal inflammation and healing that lead to vascular obstruction and tissue fibrosis. This is mitigated by regulatory mechanisms that develop over time and which minimize the inflammatory response to newly deposited eggs. Exploring changes in the hepatic inflammatory infiltrate over time in infected mice, we found an accumulation of schistosome egg antigen-specific IgG1-secreting plasma cells during chronic infection. This population was significantly diminished by blockade of the receptor for IL-10, a cytokine implicated in plasma cell development. Strikingly, IL-10R blockade precipitated the development of portal hypertension and the accumulation of parasite eggs in the lungs and heart. This did not reflect more aggressive Th2 cell responsiveness, increased hepatic fibrosis, or the emergence of Th1 or Th17 responses. Rather, a role for antibody in the prevention of severe disease was suggested by the finding that pulmonary involvement was also apparent in mice unable to secrete class switched antibody. A major effect of anti-IL-10R treatment was the loss of a myeloid population that stained positively for surface IgG1, and which exhibited characteristics of regulatory/anti-inflammatory macrophages. This finding suggests that antibody may promote protective effects within the liver through local interactions with macrophages. In summary, our data describe a role for IL-10-dependent B cell responses in the regulation of tissue damage during a chronic helminth infection

Ideal cardiovascular health and inflammation in European adolescents: The HELENA study

Background and aims Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis and this process seems to appear in childhood. The ideal cardiovascular health index (ICHI) has been inversely related to atherosclerotic plaque in adults. However, evidence regarding inflammation and ICHI in adolescents is scarce. The aim is to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation in European adolescents. Methods and results As many as 543 adolescents (251 boys and 292 girls) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, a cross-sectional multi-center study including 9 European countries, were measured. C-reactive protein (CRP), complement factors C3 and C4, leptin and white blood cell counts were used to compute an inflammatory score. Multilevel linear models and multilevel logistic regression were used to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation controlling by covariates. Higher ICHI was associated with a lower inflammatory score, as well as with several individual components, both in boys and girls (p < 0.01). In addition, adolescents with at least 4 ideal components of the ICHI had significantly lower inflammatory score and lower levels of the study biomarkers, except CRP. Finally, the multilevel logistic regression showed that for every unit increase in the ICHI, the probability of having an inflammatory profile decreased by 28.1% in girls. Conclusion Results from this study suggest that a better ICHI is associated with a lower inflammatory profile already in adolescence. Improving these health behaviors, and health factors included in the ICHI, could play an important role in CVD prevention

A review of population-based prevalence studies of physical activity in adults in the Asia-Pacific region

Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance is an important component of non-communicable disease risk factor monitoring, and occurs through national and international surveillance systems. This review identifies population PA estimates for adults in the Asia-Pacific region, and examines variation in trends and prevalence rates obtained using different PA measures.Methods: Data were obtained from a MEDLINE search; World Health Organization&rsquo;s Global Health Infobase; Government websites and reference lists of relevant papers. Inclusion criteria included: national studies or those reporting large scale population-level data; data published from 2000 to 2010 and trend data prior; sample sizes over n = 1000, or fewer subjects in small nations.Results: In total, 56 population surveys from 29 Asia-Pacific countries were identified. Data on &lsquo;sufficient physical activity&rsquo; amongst adults were available from 45 studies (80%), with estimates ranging from 7% to 93% (median 62%, inter-quartile range 40%-85%). For 14 countries, estimates of &lsquo;sufficient activity&rsquo; were documented in multiple surveys using different methods, with the largest variation from 18% to 92% in Nepal. Median or mean METminutes/ day, reported in 20 studies, ranged from 6 to 1356. Serial trend data were available for 11 countries (22%), for periods spanning 2-10 years. Of these, five countries demonstrated increases in physical activity over time, four demonstrated decreases and three showed no changes.Conclusions: Many countries in the Asia-Pacific region collect population-level PA data. This review highlights differences in estimates within and between countries. Some differences may be real, others due to variation in the PA questions asked and survey methods used. Use of standardized protocols and measures, and combined reporting of data are essential goals of improved international PA surveillance.<br /

Dietary animal and plant protein intakes and their associations with obesity and cardio-metabolic indicators in European adolescents: The HELENA cross-sectional study

Background: Previous studies suggest that dietary protein might play a beneficial role in combating obesity and its related chronic diseases. Total, animal and plant protein intakes and their associations with anthropometry and serum biomarkers in European adolescents using one standardised methodology across European countries are not well documented. Objectives: To evaluate total, animal and plant protein intakes in European adolescents stratified by gender and age, and to investigate their associations with cardio-metabolic indicators (anthropometry and biomarkers). Methods: The current analysis included 1804 randomly selected adolescents participating in the HELENA study (conducted in 2006-2007) aged 12.5-17.5 y (47% males) who completed two non-consecutive computerised 24-h dietary recalls. Associations between animal and plant protein intakes, and anthropometry and serum biomarkers were examined with General linear Model multivariate analysis. Results: Average total protein intake exceeded the recommendations of World Health Organization and European Food Safety Authority. Mean total protein intake was 96 g/d (59% derived from animal protein). Total, animal and plant protein intakes (g/d) were significantly lower in females than in males and total and plant protein intakes were lower in younger participants (12.5-14.9 y). Protein intake was significantly lower in underweight subjects and higher in obese ones; the direction of the relationship was reversed after adjustments for body weight (g/(kg.d)). The inverse association of plant protein intakes was stronger with BMI z-score and body fat percentage (BF%) compared to animal protein intakes. Additionally, BMI and BF% were positively associated with energy percentage of animal protein. Conclusions: This sample of European adolescents appeared to have adequate total protein intake. Our findings suggest that plant protein intakes may play a role in preventing obesity among European adolescents. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the potential beneficial effects observed in this study in the prevention of obesity and related chronic diseases