133 research outputs found
Influence of typical environments on quantum processes
We present the results of studying the influence of different environmental
states on the coherence of quantum processes. We choose to discuss a simple
model which describe two electronic reservoirs connected through tunneling via
a resonant state. The model could, e.g., serve as an idealization of inelastic
resonant tunneling through a double barrier structure. We develop Schwinger's
closed time path formulation of non-equilibrium quantum statistical mechanics,
and show that the influence of the environment on a coherent quantum process
can be described by the value of a generating functional at a specific force
value, thereby allowing for a unified discussion of destruction of phase
coherence by various environmental states: thermal state, classical noise, time
dependent classical field, and a coherent state. The model allows an extensive
discussion of the influence of dissipation on the coherent quantum process, and
expressions for the transmission coefficient are obtained in the possible
limits.Comment: 46 pages, 11 post script figures. Accepted for publication in
Physical Review
Structural, electronic, and magneto-optical properties of YVO
Optical and magneto-optical properties of YVO single crystal were studied
in FIR, visible, and UV regions. Two structural phase transitions at 75 K and
200 K were observed and established to be of the first and second order,
respectively. The lattice has an orthorhombic symmetry both above 200 K
as well as below 75 K, and is found to be dimerized monoclinic in
between. We identify YVO as a Mott-Hubbard insulator with the optical gap
of 1.6 eV. The electronic excitations in the visible spectrum are determined by
three -bands at 1.8, 2.4, and 3.3 eV, followed by the charge-transfer
transitions at about 4 eV. The observed structure is in good agreement with
LSDA+ band structure calculations. By using ligand field considerations, we
assigned these bands to the transitions to the , , and states. The strong temperature dependence of these
bands is in agreement with the formation of orbital order. Despite the small
net magnetic moment of 0.01 per vanadium, the Kerr effect of the order
of was observed for all three -bands in the magnetically
ordered phase . A surprisingly strong enhancement of
the Kerr effect was found below 75 K, reaching a maximum of . The
effect is ascribed to the non-vanishing net orbital magnetic moment.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev.
The COSINE-100 liquid scintillator veto system
This paper describes the liquid scintillator veto system for the COSINE-100 dark matter experiment and its performance. The COSINE-100 detector consists of eight NaI(Tl) crystals immersed in 2200 L of linear alkylbenzene-based liquid scintillator. The liquid scintillator tags between 65 and 75% of the internal 40K background in the 2–6 keV energy region. We also describe the background model for the liquid scintillator, which is primarily used to assess its energy calibration and threshold
Measurement of the cosmic muon annual and diurnal flux variation with the COSINE-100 detector
We report measurements of annual and diurnal modulations of the cosmic-ray muon rate in the Yangyang underground laboratory (Y2L) using 952 days of COSINE-100 data acquired between September 2016 and July 2019. A correlation of the muon rate with the atmospheric temperature is observed and its amplitude on the muon rate is determined. The effective atmospheric temperature and muon rate variations are positively correlated with a measured effective temperature coefficient of αT = 0.80 ± 0.11. This result is consistent with a model of meson production in the atmosphere. We also searched for a diurnal modulation in the underground muon rate by comparing one-hour intervals. No significant diurnal modulation of the muon rate was observed
An induced annual modulation signature in COSINE-100 data by DAMA/LIBRA’s analysis method
The DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has reported the observation of an annual modulation in the event rate that has been attributed to dark matter interactions over the last two decades. However, even though tremendous efforts to detect similar dark matter interactions were pursued, no definitive evidence has been observed to corroborate the DAMA/LIBRA signal. Many studies assuming various dark matter models have attempted to reconcile DAMA/LIBRA’s modulation signals and null results from other experiments, however no clear conclusion can be drawn. Apart from the dark matter hypothesis, several studies have examined the possibility that the modulation is induced by variations in detector’s environment or their specific analysis methods. In particular, a recent study presents a possible cause of the annual modulation from an analysis method adopted by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment in which the observed annual modulation could be reproduced by a slowly varying time-dependent background. Here, we study the COSINE-100 data using an analysis method similar to the one adopted by the DAMA/LIBRA experiment and observe a significant annual modulation, however the modulation phase is almost opposite to that of the DAMA/LIBRA data. Assuming the same background composition for COSINE-100 and DAMA/LIBRA, simulated experiments for the DAMA/LIBRA without dark matter signals also provide significant annual modulation with an amplitude similar to DAMA/LIBRA with opposite phase. Even though this observation does not directly explain the DAMA/LIBRA results directly, this interesting phenomenon motivates more profound studies of the time-dependent DAMA/LIBRA background data
Search for boosted dark matter in COSINE-100
We search for energetic electron recoil signals induced by boosted dark matter (BDM) from the galactic center using the COSINE-100 array of NaI(Tl) crystal detectors at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory. The signal would be an excess of events with energies above 4 MeV over the well-understood background. Because no excess of events are observed in a 97.7 kg·yr exposure, we set limits on BDM interactions under a variety of hypotheses. Notably, we explored the dark photon parameter space, leading to competitive limits compared to direct dark photon search experiments, particularly for dark photon masses below 4 MeV and considering the invisible decay mode. Furthermore, by comparing our results with a previous BDM search conducted by the Super-Kamionkande experiment, we found that the COSINE-100 detector has advantages in searching for low-mass dark matter. This analysis demonstrates the potential of the COSINE-100 detector to search for MeV electron recoil signals produced by the dark sector particle interactions
Search for bosonic super-weakly interacting massive particles at COSINE-100
We present results of a search for bosonic super-weakly interacting massive particles (BSW) as keV scale dark matter candidates that is based on an exposure of 97.7 kg·year from the COSINE experiment. In this search, we employ, for the first time, Compton-like as well as absorption processes for pseudoscalar and vector BSWs. No evidence for BSWs is found in the mass range from 10 keV/c2 to 1 MeV/c2, and we present the exclusion limits on the dimensionless coupling constants to electrons gae for pseudoscalar and κ for vector BSWs at 90% confidence level. Our results show that these limits are improved by including the Compton-like process in masses of BSW, above O(100 keV/c2)
The first direct search for inelastic boosted dark matter with COSINE-100
A search for inelastic boosted dark matter (IBDM) using the COSINE-100 detector with 59.5 days of data is presented. This relativistic dark matter is theorized to interact with the target material through inelastic scattering with electrons, creating a heavier state that subsequently produces standard model particles, such as an electron-positron pair. In this study, we search for this electron-positron pair in coincidence with the initially scattered electron as a signature for an IBDM interaction. No excess over the predicted background event rate is observed. Therefore, we present limits on IBDM interactions under various hypotheses, one of which allows us to explore an area of the dark photon parameter space that has not yet been covered by other experiments. This is the first experimental search for IBDM using a terrestrial detector
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