Aqueous micellar two-phase system as an alternative method to selectively remove soy antinutritional factors

In this work, different antinutritional factors (trypsin inhibitors, isoflavones and raffinose family oligosaccharides) were selectively removed from soy flour by using aqueous micellar two-phase systems (AMTPS). The effects of independent variables including temperature (30–60 °C), time (10–40 min) and solid to liquid ratio (0.025–0.050 g/L) on the extraction of each antinutritional factor were analyzed using a full factorial design. As general tendency, temperature and time were the most significant parameters (p < 0.05). The best condition for the selective recovery (97% of isoflavones at top phase, and more than 50% of the rest of ANFs at bottom phase) were 5 g/L of Genapol X-080, 0.2 moL/L of sodium citrate pH 5.00, 30 °C, 40 min and 0.050 g/L. Besides, in vitro gastrointestinal digestions assays demonstrated that the treated soy flour improved its protein digestibility. The findings of this work represent the introduction of a novel methodology to selectively remove soy antinutritional factors.Fil: Haidar, Carla Nahir. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Coscueta, Ezequiel Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cordisco, Estefanía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Nerli, Bibiana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pellegrini Malpiedi, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; Argentin

Biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci: A versatile mixture with interesting emulsifying properties

In recent years, worldwide awareness about environmental concerns has led to an extensive searching for products of natural origin. Biosurfactants (BS), are an attractive alternative to the chemical counterparts. In these sense, this works evaluate for the first time the emulsifying and surface activity of biosurfactants produced by P. syringae pv. tabaci. Chemical characterization revealed that the produced BS extract mostly consisted in a mixture of syringopeptins and arthrofactins. Besides, this sample was able to reduce water surface tension up to 36.89 mN/m. This activity was improved by modifying conditions of pH, temperature and salinity. For instance, the surface tension was reduced up to 29 mN/m when using NaCl 5 % w/w. The BS also exhibited a high emulsifying activity, this being comparable or even superior to that of commercial bioemulsifiers such xanthan, tara and guar gums. A notorious emulsification index, close to 90 %, was exhibited by BS in coconut oil/water mixtures. Moreover, emulsifying activity resulted to be little affected by different operational conditions, thus retaining about 80 % of its emulsificant index in presence of 20 % w/w of NaCl at 80 °C. These findings are indicative of the BS promising properties and its potential as additive in a variety of industrial applications.Fil: Haidar, Carla Nahir. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pereira, Matheus M.. Universidade Tiradentes; BrasilFil: Lima, Álvaro S.. Universidade Tiradentes; BrasilFil: Nerli, Bibiana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Pellegrini Malpiedi, Luciana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos Rosario; Argentin

Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Heart Levels of Interleukin-6 in Rats with Chronic Inflammation due to Epilepsy

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of premature death related to epilepsy. The causes of SUDEP remain unknown, but cardiac arrhythmias and asphyxia have been suggested as a major mechanism of this event. Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both epilepsy and ventricular arrhythmia, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) being recognized as a crucial orchestrator of inflammatory states. Our group previously reported that levels of IL-6 were increased in the hearts of epileptic rats. In this scenario, anti-inflammatory actions are among the beneficial effects of fish oil dietary supplementation. This investigation revealed that elevated levels of IL-6 in the heart were markedly reduced in epileptic rats that were treated in the long-term with fish oil, suggesting protective anti-inflammatory actions against dangerously high levels of IL-6. Based on these findings, our results suggest beneficial effects of long-term intake of fish oil in reducing the inflammation associated with chronic epilepsy.FAPESPCAPESCNPqFAPESP/CNPq/MCT-Instituto Nacional de Neurociencia TranslacionalFAPEMIGCEPID/FAPESPUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Neurociencia, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Fisiol, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Joao Del Rei UFSJ, Dept Engn Biossistemas, Sao Joao Del Rei, BrazilUniv Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Programa Posgrad Disturbios Desenvolvimento, Ctr Ciencias Biol & Saude, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Disciplina Neurociencia, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Fisiol, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BrazilFAPESPCAPESCNPqFAPESP/CNPq/MCT-Instituto Nacional de Neurociencia TranslacionalFAPEMIGCEPID/FAPESPWeb of Scienc

Una lucha por recuperar la vida urbana : políticas de lugar y la experiencia de la multisectorial "Defendamos Alberdi"

Las propuestas de lugar y políticas de lugar, han sido y son actualmente- abordadas desde distintos enfoques tanto en Ciencias Sociales como en Geografía. Existen convergencias y divergencias en las significaciones desarrolladas por los distintos autores; por lo cual, se vuelve fundamental, a la hora de una reflexión sobre éstos, aproximarse y precisar los aspectos ontológicos, epistemológicos, sociales y políticos presentes en las distintas propuestas. El objetivo de este artículo, es analizar la experiencia del Barrio Alberdi de la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina y de la Multisectorial "Defendamos Alberdi" buscando realizar un primer diálogo con abordajes constructivistas y post-constructivistas en lo referente al análisis de lugar y políticas de lugar. Este barrio posee una amplia y rica historia de reivindicaciones en las cuales han convergido y convergen actualmente una heterogeneidad de grupos: sectores populares, comunidades originarias, trabajadores, estudiantes, comunidades de inmigrantes peruanos y bolivianos. La Multisectorial representa parte de esta compleja pluralidad de formas, vivencias, saberes y experiencias de la propia vida del barrio y, se sintetiza en un colectivo que encara la lucha/defensa del patrimonio, de la identidad y de la vida barrial frente al avance de los grupos inmobiliarios y desarrollistas que atentan sobre el barrio y su historia. En este sentido, se afirma que en el ámbito de lo espacial los lugares contribuyen a hacer políticas más allá del plano de la representación al enredar en dicha política entidades e identidades en una negociación que implica como indica Massey "un acabar juntos, el inevitable desafío de negociar un aquí-y-ahora" y la negociación que debe acontecer dentro y entre ambos, lo humano y lo no humano (Massey, 2008:203). Desde la cátedra de Epistemología de la Geografía y como geógrafos intentamos aportar la generación de herramientas para la organización del territorio que incluyan y comprendan esos valores y esos proyectos que quedan afuera de la lógica mercantil y que son reivindicados por los vecinos. En base a ello, se comenzaron a realizar diversas actividades desde metodologías participativas que a través del diálogo de saberes y experiencias compartidas pretenden iniciar un camino de construcción conjunta de conocimiento práctico y teórico sobre la problemática y que exprese los antagonismos presentes y las disputas espaciales existentes. Para este trabajo, no sólo existe una revisión bibliográfica sino también la articulación de diversas técnicas en un trabajo de campo conjunto con la Multisectorial.Fil: Aichino, Gina Lucía. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina.Fil: Ávila, Emanuel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina.Fil: Haidar Martínez, José. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina.Fil: Llorens, Santiago. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina.Fil: Palladino, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina.Fil: Pedrazzani, Carla Eleonora. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina.Fil: Reynoso, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Departamento de Geografía; Argentina.Ciencias Sociales Interdisciplinaria

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Children’s and adolescents’ rising animal-source food intakes in 1990–2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity

Animal-source foods (ASF) provide nutrition for children and adolescents’ physical and cognitive development. Here, we use data from the Global Dietary Database and Bayesian hierarchical models to quantify global, regional and national ASF intakes between 1990 and 2018 by age group across 185 countries, representing 93% of the world’s child population. Mean ASF intake was 1.9 servings per day, representing 16% of children consuming at least three daily servings. Intake was similar between boys and girls, but higher among urban children with educated parents. Consumption varied by age from 0.6 at <1 year to 2.5 servings per day at 15–19 years. Between 1990 and 2018, mean ASF intake increased by 0.5 servings per week, with increases in all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, total ASF consumption was highest in Russia, Brazil, Mexico and Turkey, and lowest in Uganda, India, Kenya and Bangladesh. These findings can inform policy to address malnutrition through targeted ASF consumption programmes.publishedVersio

Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries

The global burden of diet-attributable type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. This risk assessment model estimated T2D incidence among adults attributable to direct and body weight-mediated effects of 11 dietary factors in 184 countries in 1990 and 2018. In 2018, suboptimal intake of these dietary factors was estimated to be attributable to 14.1 million (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 13.8–14.4 million) incident T2D cases, representing 70.3% (68.8–71.8%) of new cases globally. Largest T2D burdens were attributable to insufficient whole-grain intake (26.1% (25.0–27.1%)), excess refined rice and wheat intake (24.6% (22.3–27.2%)) and excess processed meat intake (20.3% (18.3–23.5%)). Across regions, highest proportional burdens were in central and eastern Europe and central Asia (85.6% (83.4–87.7%)) and Latin America and the Caribbean (81.8% (80.1–83.4%)); and lowest proportional burdens were in South Asia (55.4% (52.1–60.7%)). Proportions of diet-attributable T2D were generally larger in men than in women and were inversely correlated with age. Diet-attributable T2D was generally larger among urban versus rural residents and higher versus lower educated individuals, except in high-income countries, central and eastern Europe and central Asia, where burdens were larger in rural residents and in lower educated individuals. Compared with 1990, global diet-attributable T2D increased by 2.6 absolute percentage points (8.6 million more cases) in 2018, with variation in these trends by world region and dietary factor. These findings inform nutritional priorities and clinical and public health planning to improve dietary quality and reduce T2D globally.publishedVersio

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10&nbsp;years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37&nbsp;years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020