Time-varying non linear modeling of electrodynamic loudspeakers

International audienceThis paper deals with the time-varying nonlinear analytical modeling of the electrodynamic loudspeaker. We propose a model which takes into account the variations of Small signal parameters. The six Small signal parameters ($R_{e}$, $L_{e}$, $Bl$, $R_{ms}$, $M_{ms}$, $C_{ms}$) depend on both time and input current. The electrodynamic loudspeaker is characterized by the electrical impedance which, precisely measured, allows us to construct polynomial functions for each Small signal parameter. By using this analytical model, we propose to compare two identical electrodynamic loudspeakers. One of them is supposed to be run in and the other one is not. The experimental methodology is based on a precise measurement. In all the paper, the time scale is assumed to be much longer than one period of the harmonic excitation

Experimental measurement of the nonlinearities of electrodynamic microphones

International audienceThis paper presents an experimental way of characterizing the nonlinearities of electrodynamic microphones used as acoustical sources. This functioning occurs for reciprocal calibration techniques. For this purpose, its electrical impedance is measured with a Wayne Kerr wedge which has an excellent precision. Moreover, it can be noted that the Thiele and Small model is used to characterize its electrical impedance. Furthermore, an experimental method based on Simplex algorithm allows us to construct polynomial laws which describe the dependence of the Thiele and Small parameters with the input voltage. The nonlinear variations obtained allow us to determine the nonlinear differential equation of the electrodynamic microphone. Then, this equation is solved numerically in order to confirm the accuracy of the polynomial laws obtained by the Simplex algorithm. The distortions are measured with a laser Doppler velocimeter and compared with the ones obtained by the numerical solving of the nonlinear differential equation. The experimental displacement spectrum is consistent with the theoretical one

Les ascensionnistes (roman), suivi de : Influence des piliers judéo-chrétiens et sentiment d'imposture dans la trame narrative et la construction psychologique des personnages : le cas de l'imposture, de Georges Bernanos et de Le trou dans le mur, de Michel Tremblay (essai)

L'œuvre présentée dans la première partie de ce mémoire repose sur la quête d'identité et l'acceptation de soi. Tout au long de l'intrigue, le syndrome de l'imposteur et la difficulté qu'ont les protagonistes à s'attribuer un mérite qui leur revient de plein droit apparaissent en filigrane. Chacun porte une croix qu'il s'impose, une croix fabriquée de toutes pièces par des sentiments non fondés de péché et de culpabilité. Notre société a établi au fil du temps ses règles de fonctionnement, qui vont des plus évidentes, comme les lois et règlements, aux plus subtiles, comme les piliers judéo-chrétiens de péché, de culpabilité et d'expiation. Des leviers qui affectent encore aujourd'hui le quotidien de tous, y compris celui des écrivains. Par le biais de deux œuvres, soit L'imposture de Georges Bernanos, et Le trou dans le mur de Michel Tremblay, nous examinerons dans la seconde partie du mémoire, l'influence de la religion judéo-chrétienne dans la littérature et son lien avec le sentiment d'imposture.The work presented in the first part of this dissertation is based on a quest for identity and self-acceptance. Throughout the plot, the Impostor Syndrome prevents the characters from taking credit for themselves. Every protagonist carries a cross that he/she imposes on himself/herself; a cross fabricated by unfounded feelings of sin and guilt. Over time, our society has established its rules of operation, which range from the most obvious, such as laws and regulations, to the more subtle, such as the Judeo-Christian pillars of sin, guilt, and atonement. These factors still affect the daily lives of all, including writers. In the second part of the dissertation, through the analysis of two novels, L'imposture by Georges Bernanos, and Le trou dans le mur by Michel Tremblay, we will examine the influence of the Judeo-Christian religion in literature, and its link with the sense of imposture

A Neolithic occupation at the bottom of the Monts de Vaucluse, the site of La Boudine in Saumane-de-Vaucluse

Le site de La Boudine est localisé sur la commune de Saumane-de-Vaucluse. Le mobilier archéologique découvert ensurface a pu être attribué au Néolithique moyen. Cette homogénéité et la proximité du site avec les gisements de silex bédoulien des monts de Vaucluse, ont motivé une opération de sondage. Des lambeaux d’occupation néolithique ont pu être découverts. Le site a été fortement érodé mais cette opération permet de documenter positivement l’occupation humaine dans les piémonts des monts de Vaucluse.The site of La Boudine is located on the municipality of Saumane-de-Vaucluse. The artefacts on surface can be attributed to middle Neolithic. This homogeneity and the proximity with the deposits of bedoulian flint of Monts de Vaucluse, have motivated an excavation. Remaining of Neolithic activity have been discovered. The site was strongly affected by erosion. However, this studies allows to document the human activity in piedmont of monts de Vaucluse

Augmenting Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation to Improve Outcomes in Myeloma

Consolidation with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard of care for transplantation-eligible patients with multiple myeloma, based on randomized trials showing improved progression-free survival with autologous transplantation after combination chemotherapy induction. These trials were performed before novel agents were introduced; subsequently, combinations of immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors as induction therapy have significantly improved rates and depth of response. Ongoing randomized trials are testing whether conventional autologous transplantation continues to improve responses after novel agent induction. Although these results are awaited, it is important to review strategies for improving outcomes after ASCT. Conditioning before ASCT with higher doses of melphalan and combinations of melphalan with other agents, including radiopharmaceuticals, has been explored. Tandem ASCT, consolidation, and maintenance therapy after ASCT have been investigated in phase III trials. Experimental cellular therapies using ex vivo–primed dendritic cells, ex vivo–expanded autologous lymphocytes, Killer Immunoglobulin Receptor (KIR)-mismatched allogeneic natural killer cells, and genetically modified T cells to augment ASCT are also in phase I trials. This review summarizes these strategies and highlights the importance of exploring strategies to augment ASCT, even in the era of novel agent induction

Violencia Institucional: La toma de control de los municipios por los protestantes en el sur de Francia (1560-1562)

Based on a close and detailed investigation of local and strangely neglected municipal sources, combined with the meticulous scrutiny of documents conserved in the Russian archives for the period 1559-1562, and a focus on institutional history, I demonstrate how the early Calvinistic consistories cleverly manipulated the particular municipal organization (the consulates) of Midi communities and managed to take them over with relative ease. In many of these communities, which greatly varied in size, we find that the consistories were turned into “political councils”; this subsequently enabled them to control the election of magistrates (consuls) and, even before the beginning of the wars of Religion, to ensure that they controlled the municipalities, though the Protestants were very much a minority. This is a major factor towards explaining the famous “Protestant crescent” that characterizes the South of France with its tones of civil religion.Este artículo tiene como objetivo demostrar cómo los consistorios calvinistas, en su primera época, supieron manipular de manera inteligente una forma concreta de organización municipal de los pueblos del sur de Francia, los consulados, lo que les permitió hacerse con el poder municipal con relativa facilidad. Para ello se realiza un análisis minucioso y detallado de fuentes locales que han sido extrañamente marginadas, combinando dicha información con el escrutinio de los documentos conservados en los archivos rusos para el periodo 1559-1562, aplicando una perspectiva de la historia institucional. En muchas de las comunidades analizadas, las cuales varían enormemente en tamaño, encontramos que los consistorios se convirtieron en “consejos políticos”. Esta transformación permitió a la pequeña minoría protestante controlar la elección de magistrados locales (cónsules) y asegurar con ello el control de los municipios antes incluso de que estallaran las guerras de religión. Este factor es fundamental para entender la famosa “medial luna protestante” que se expandió por el sur de Francia y sus discursos de religión cívica

A PKC-Dependent Recruitment of MMP-2 Controls Semaphorin-3A Growth-Promoting Effect in Cortical Dendrites

There is increasing evidence for a crucial role of proteases and metalloproteinases during axon growth and guidance. In this context, we recently described a functional link between the chemoattractive Sema3C and Matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3). Here, we provide data demonstrating the involvement of MMP-2 to trigger the growth-promoting effect of Sema3A in cortical dendrites. The in situ analysis of MMP-2 expression and activity is consistent with a functional growth assay demonstrating in vitro that the pharmacological inhibition of MMP-2 reduces the growth of cortical dendrites in response to Sema3A. Hence, our results suggest that the selective recruitment and activation of MMP-2 in response to Sema3A requires a PKC alpha dependent mechanism. Altogether, we provide a second set of data supporting MMPs as effectors of the growth-promoting effects of semaphorins, and we identify the potential signalling pathway involved

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved.Circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/ml; in plasma diluted 1:10) of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega are found in about 10% of patients with critical COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pneumonia but not in individuals with asymptomatic infections. We detect auto-Abs neutralizing 100-fold lower, more physiological, concentrations of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega (100 pg/ml; in 1:10 dilutions of plasma) in 13.6% of 3595 patients with critical COVID-19, including 21% of 374 patients >80 years, and 6.5% of 522 patients with severe COVID-19. These antibodies are also detected in 18% of the 1124 deceased patients (aged 20 days to 99 years; mean: 70 years). Moreover, another 1.3% of patients with critical COVID-19 and 0.9% of the deceased patients have auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-beta. We also show, in a sample of 34,159 uninfected individuals from the general population, that auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega are present in 0.18% of individuals between 18 and 69 years, 1.1% between 70 and 79 years, and 3.4% >80 years. Moreover, the proportion of individuals carrying auto-Abs neutralizing lower concentrations is greater in a subsample of 10,778 uninfected individuals: 1% of individuals 80 years. By contrast, auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-beta do not become more frequent with age. Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs predate SARS-CoV-2 infection and sharply increase in prevalence after the age of 70 years. They account for about 20% of both critical COVID-19 cases in the over 80s and total fatal COVID-19 cases.Peer reviewe

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2