953 research outputs found
Inland extent of the Weddell Sea Rift imaged by new aerogeophysical data
Peer reviewedPostprin
Alendronate or alfacalcidol in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
BACKGROUND: Treatment with glucocorticoids is associated with bone loss starting soon after therapy is initiated and an increased risk of fracture. METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-placebo, double-blind clinical trial of 18 months' duration among patients with a rheumatic disease who were starting glucocorticoids at a daily dose that was equivalent to at least 7.5 mg of prednisone. A total of 201 patients were assigned to receive either alendronate (10 mg) and a placebo capsule of alfacalcidol daily or alfacalcidol (1 mu g) and a placebo tablet of alendronate daily. The primary outcome was the change in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in 18 months; the secondary outcome was the incidence of morphometric vertebral deformities. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients received alendronate, and 101 received alfacalcidol; 163 patients completed the study. The bone mineral density of the lumbar spine increased by 2.1 percent in the alendronate group (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 3.1 percent) and decreased by 1.9 percent in the alfacalcidol group (95 percent confidence interval, -3.1 to -0.7 percent). At 18 months, the mean difference of change in bone mineral density between the two groups was 4.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 2.4 to 5.5 percent). Three patients in the alendronate group had a new vertebral deformity, as compared with eight patients in the alfacalcidol group (of whom three had symptomatic vertebral fractures) (hazard ratio, 0.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.1 to 1.4). CONCLUSIONS: During this 18-month trial in patients with rheumatic diseases, alendronate was more effective in the prevention of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss than was alfacalcidol
Layers Utilized by an ArcGIS Model to Approximate Commercial Coral and Sponge By-catch in the NAFO Regulatory Area
This report specifically addresses Fisheries Commission Request #16: "Implement and/or further refine the existing
GIS simulation/modelling framework, in conjunction with the VMS data supplied by the NAFO Secretariat ...",
brought forth in the Fisheries Commission 33rd Annual Meeting Report (NAFO, 2011a). Data layers utilized by the
model as well as their various means of construction are described in detail including the generation of NAFO VMS
trawl lines. These VMS trawl line data were used to better understand fishing behaviour and also generate a new
standard trawl length (13.8 nm) to be utilized by trawl simulations. The justification for utilizing just the Spain/EU
research trawl by-catch dataset instead of the combined Canada/Spain/EU dataset for the production of higher
resolution sponge and sea pen biomass surfaces is also made. It is demonstrated how this high resolution (5x5 km
cell grid) Spain/EU data biomass layer could be utilized with 2000 randomly placed and oriented 13.8 nm
simulation trawls to generate by-catch values, organized by thresholds, to capture the distributional extent of high
concentration sponge and sea pen areas. This serves as the basis for a kernel density polygon analysis that calculates
a commercial sponge and sea pen encounter threshold (Kenchington et al., 2011). Finally, using the Spain/EU only
high resolution biomass surface, by-catch output from VMS trawls and their simulated 13.8 nm standard trawl line
counterparts are compared
Pilot study on university students' opinion about STEM studies at higher education
The percentages of women enrolled in higher education in the
STEM sector are significantly lower than those of men. Overall,
gender representation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics
degrees in Europe is not balanced. The Leaky Pipeline phenomenon,
marked by gender stereotypes, makes the latent gender
gap a relevant topic of study. Studies exist on academic performance,
self-perception, self-efficacy, outcome expectations; however, studying
gender stereotypes linked to STEM studies is also essential. It
is necessary to know the social and family context in which young
people have grown up, as well as their perception of such studies.
To study gender stereotypes of university students about STEM
studies, a questionnaire has been designed for empirical validation.
For the design of the instrument, to be validated, items from other
instruments have been taken and adapted to Spanish. After the
design of the instrument, an online pilot study has been applied
in the University of Salamanca, the University of Valencia and the
Polytechnic University of Valencia. A total of 115 people answered
the questionnaire. The results of the pilot study reveal that the
study sample is not particularly marked by gender stereotypes
about gender equality in STEM. Also, the sample is receptive to
learning about science and applying it in their lives. On the other
hand, the idea that women have to give up their studies and careers
to look after their families and children is rejected. The idea that
men are more interested in university studies than women is also
rejected. At the same time, the sample is aware of the difficulties
that women encounter in the STEM sector. Another optimistic point
of the results is that there are no alarming data on bad experiences
due to gender. In the future, the study will be replicated on a larger
scale
Optical transmission losses in materials due to repeated impacts of liquid droplets
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76812/1/AIAA-7018-720.pd
Age- and sex-specific prevalences of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 13 European cohorts
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of
lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with
a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the
transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the
anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the
nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of
the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp.
Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in
the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies
smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating
nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and
transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of
inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous
measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables,
submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
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