Bioacumulación de metales pesados en leche vacuna producto de la ingesta de pastos impactados por pasivos mineros en el distrito de Chugur en el año 2017

RESUMEN El presente estudio de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de bioacumulación que se da entre el pasto y la leche vacuna en diferentes zonas del distrito de Chugur impactadas por pasivos mineros, para ello se recolectó muestras de pasto y leche en 11 puntos que abarcan las zonas afectadas por dichos pasivos para poder obtener concentraciones de Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Sr, Pb, Ni y Zn. El factor de bioacumulación en las estaciones del Tacamache, Seca, Ninabamba y Gradas baja para el zinc es alta, de la misma manera también es alta para Ninamaba en cobalto, en algunas estaciones para ciertos metales como es el caso del cadmio y niquel no se pudo determinar el nivel de bioacumulación, ya que los resultados obtenidos están por debajo de los límites de detección. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para determinar si la relación entre las concentraciones de metales en pasto y leche. Se identificó que las concentraciones obtenidas superan los valores umbrales en algunas estaciones. La parte alta del distrito de Chugur es la que acoge mayor concentración de metales pesados. Se recomendó que se debería plantear una propuesta de cierre de pasivos mineros usando especies de pasto que no sean atractivos para los animales, de esta manera evitaremos que se dé un traspaso de metales pesados entre la planta y el animal. Así mismo el Ministerio de Salud debería hacer un control y vigilancia de metales pesados en muestras de sangre dentro del distrito, para poder identificar en qué estado se encuentra la salud de la población especialmente en niños, ya que la leche que se produce es unos de los alimentos que más consumen. PALABRAS CLAVE Bioacumulación, correlación, coeficiente.ABSTRACT The objective of this research study was to determine the level of bioaccumulation that occurs between grass and milk in different areas of the Chugur district impacted by mining liabilities, for which samples of grass and milk were collected in 11 points covering the areas affected by these liabilities to obtain concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Sr, Pb, Ni and Zn. The factor of bioaccumulation in the stations of the Tacamache, Seca, Ninabamba and low grades for zinc is high, in the same way it is also high for Ninamaba in cobalt, in some stations for certain metals such as the case of cadmium and nickel is not could determine the level of bioaccumulation, since the results obtained are below the limits of detection. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine if the relationship between the concentrations of metals in grass and milk is strong or weak. It was identified that the concentrations obtained exceed the threshold values in some stations. The upper part of the Chugur district is the one with the highest concentration of heavy metals. It was recommended that a proposal to close mining liabilities using grass species that are not attractive to animals should be proposed, in this way we will avoid a heavy metal transfer between the plant and the animal. Likewise, the Ministry of Health should control and monitor heavy metals in blood samples within the district, in order to identify the state of health of the population, especially in children, since the milk produced is one of the the foods that consume the most. KEYWORDS Bioaccumulation, correlation, coefficient

Engorde a corral: estancia Los Pozos

En condiciones adversas, el engorde de corderos a corral, para que lleguen al estado de faena, es una práctica que se ha utilizado en la Patagonia. En los períodos de sequía, el engorde se convierte en una importante herramienta que permite reducir las pérdidas futuras y simplificar el manejo de las madres y las crías (Giraudo et al. 2014). En este contexto, el establecimiento ganadero Los Pozos atravesó una primavera muy seca (la 5ta seguida desde el 2012) durante el 2016. Partiendo de ovejas en Condición Corporal baja (< 2,5) al servicio (mayo), con corderos señalados en diciembre donde sólo el 42% de los machos fueron categoría exportación y con una precipitación de solo 70 mm al momento de la señalada, los propietarios del establecimiento decidieron realizar un engorde a corral durante el verano.EEA Santa CruzFil: Vargas, Paola Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Andrade, Miguel Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Clifton, Guillermo Raimundo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Bonil, Ricardo Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Puig, Silvina. Actividad Privada; ArgentinaFil: Schorr, Alan Geoffrey. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentin

Engorde a corral Estancia San Cristóbal

En la región Patagónica, la ganadería ovina se ha realizado de manera extensiva desde sus inicios. Esta región se destaca por ser el centro productor de carne ovina del país, en donde la actividad se lleva a cabo sobre pastizales naturales.EEA Santa CruzFil: Vargas, Paola Patricia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Andrade, Miguel Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Clifton, Guillermo Raimundo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Bonil, Ricardo Nicolas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Schorr, Alan Geoffrey. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Ajis, Fernando. Actividad Privada; Argentin

Multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treatment regimens and patient outcomes: an individual patient data meta-analysis of 9,153 patients.

Treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is lengthy, toxic, expensive, and has generally poor outcomes. We undertook an individual patient data meta-analysis to assess the impact on outcomes of the type, number, and duration of drugs used to treat MDR-TB

An international analysis evaluating frontline bendamustine with rituximab in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma

: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) is a heterogeneous non-Hodgkin lymphoma. No consensus exists regarding the standard-of-care in patients with advanced-stage disease. Current recommendations are largely adapted from follicular lymphoma, for which bendamustine with rituximab (BR) is an established approach. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of frontline BR in EMZL using a large international consortium. We included 237 patients with a median age of 63 years (range, 21-85). Most patients presented with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 to 1 (n = 228; 96.2%), stage III/IV (n = 179; 75.5%), and intermediate (49.8%) or high (33.3%) Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue International Prognosis Index (MALT-IPI). Patients received a median of 6 (range, 1-8) cycles of BR, and 20.3% (n = 48) received rituximab maintenance. Thirteen percent experienced infectious complications during BR therapy; herpes zoster (4%) was the most common. Overall response rate was 93.2% with 81% complete responses. Estimated 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 80.5% (95% CI, 73.1% to 86%) and 89.6% (95% CI, 83.1% to 93.6%), respectively. MALT-IPI failed to predict outcomes. In the multivariable model, the presence of B symptoms was associated with shorter PFS. Rituximab maintenance was associated with longer PFS (hazard ratio = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04-0.71; P = .016) but did not impact OS. BR is a highly effective upfront regimen in EMZL, providing durable remissions and overcoming known adverse prognosis factors. This regimen is associated with occurrence of herpes zoster; thus, prophylactic treatment may be considered

Dynamic model of basic oxygen steelmaking process based on multi-zone reaction kinetics : modelling of manganese removal

In the earlier work, a dynamic model for the BOF process based on the multi-zone reaction kinetics has been developed. In the preceding part, the mechanism of manganese transfer in three reactive zones of the converter has been analyzed. This study identifies that temperature at the slag-metal reaction interface plays a major role in the Mn reaction kinetics and thus a mathematical treatment to evaluate temperature at each reaction interface has been successfully employed in the rate calculation. The Mn removal rate obtained from different zones of the converter predicts that the first stage of the blow is dominated by the oxidation of Mn at the jet impact zone, albeit some additional Mn refining has been observed as a result of the oxidation of metal droplets in emulsion phase. The mathematical model predicts that the reversion of Mn from slag to metal primarily takes place at the metal droplet in the emulsion due to an excessive increase in slag-metal interface temperature during the middle stage of blowing. In the final stage of the blow, the competition between simultaneous reactions in jet impact and emulsion zone controls the direction of mass flow of manganese. Further, the model prediction shows that the Mn refining in the emulsion is a strong function of droplet diameter and the residence time. Smaller sized droplets approach equilibrium quickly and thus contribute to a significant Mn conversion between slag and metal compared to the larger sized ones. The overall model prediction for Mn in the hot metal has been found to be in good agreement with two sets of different size top blowing converter data reported in the literature

Metabolic synergies in the biotransformation of organic and metallic toxic compounds by a saprotrophic soil fungus

The saprotrophic fungus Penicillium griseofulvum was chosen as model organism to study responses to a mixture of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH) and of potentially toxic metals (vanadium, lead) in solid and liquid media. The P. griseofulvum FBL 500 strain was isolated from polluted soil containing high concentrations of HCH isomers and potentially toxic elements (Pb, V). Experiments were performed in order to analyse the tolerance/resistance of this fungus to xenobiotics, and to shed further light on fungal potential in inorganic and organic biotransformations. The aim was to examine the ecological and bioremedial potential of this fungus verifying the presence of mechanisms that allow it to transform HCH isomers and metals under different, extreme, test conditions. To our knowledge, this work is the first to provide evidence on the biotransformation of HCH mixtures, in combination with toxic metals, by a saprotrophic non-white-rot fungus and on the metabolic synergies involved

A Cytochrome b561 with Ferric Reductase Activity from the Parasitic Blood Fluke, Schistosoma japonicum

Parasites acquire their food from their hosts, either by feeding directly on tissues of the host, or by competing for ingested food. Adult schistosomes live within the vasculature of humans and rely on the blood cells and plasma they ingest and dissolved solutes they derive across their body surface, the tegument, for their nutrition. Schistosomes require host trace elements, notably iron, which is used as a co-factor in many biological reactions. Iron is especially important for schistosomes, for it has a significant role in egg formation and embryogenesis. In human tissues, iron predominates in the trivalent (ferric) form; however, it is the divalent (ferrous) form that is used as an essential co-factor for multiple biomolecules and enzymes. In order to be acquired from the host environment, the valency of iron must be modified to render it suitable for transport across the parasite membrane. This paper describes the molecular characterisation of a schistosome molecule that is crucial for bringing about this change in iron. Schistosoma japonicum Cytb561 is the first ferric reductase characterised in any parasitic helminth and emphasises the importance of iron, and other divalent cations, in these organisms

LINE-1 Evasion of Epigenetic Repression in Humans

Epigenetic silencing defends against LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposition in mammalian cells. However, the mechanisms that repress young L1 families and how L1 escapes to cause somatic genome mosaicism in the brain remain unclear. Here we report that a conserved Yin Yang 1 (YY1) transcription factor binding site mediates L1 promoter DNA methylation in pluripotent and differentiated cells. By analyzing 24 hippocampal neurons with three distinct single-cell genomic approaches, we characterized and validated a somatic L1 insertion bearing a 3' transduction. The source (donor) L1 for this insertion was slightly 5' truncated, lacked the YY1 binding site, and was highly mobile when tested in\ua0vitro. Locus-specific bisulfite sequencing revealed that the donor L1 and other young L1s with mutated YY1 binding sites were hypomethylated in embryonic stem cells, during neurodifferentiation, and in liver and brain tissue. These results explain how L1 can evade repression and retrotranspose in the human body

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio