Theory of anharmonically modified Coriolis coupling in the S1 state of benzene and relation to experiment

Avoided crossings between quasidegenerate rovibrational states in the Doppler-free two-photon excitation of the 141 mode in the S1 excited state of benzene are treated theoretically. Two sets of avoided crossings in plots of spectral line frequency vs J at a given K and DeltaK have been reported experimentally between an initially prepared "light" state (141 in zeroth order) and dark states, namely, one which in zeroth order is a 51101161 state, the other being in zeroth order a 62111 and/or possibly a 31161 state, implicated earlier by Neusser et al. The identification of these states makes the phenomenon an excellent candidate for treatment of the avoided crossing via a Van Vleck transformation, no other basis set states being needed for the diagonalization in order to extract the important features. Two successive transformations are used for handling direct coupling and coupling via virtual states. The dominant calculated contribution to the coupling is, jointly, Coriolis plus cubic–cubic anharmonic interactions between vibrational modes.Playing less of a role are Coriolis terms in which the inverse moment of inertia tensor is expanded up to quadratic terms in the coordinates. There results a 5×5 (for coupling to 51101161 ) and a 3×3 (for coupling to 62111 or 31161 ) matrix of the transformed Hamiltonian, each of which can also be described, if desired, to a very good approximation by a 2×2 matrix. The coupling element V0 and the difference of the rotational constants for the light and dark states (DeltaB) are obtained from the plots of line position vs J(J+1) obtained. For the 141 to 51101161 and for the 141 to 62111 couplings the theoretical results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results, no adjustable parameters being employed. For a coupling of 141 to 31161 the calculated V0 would be much too high compared with experiment (a factor of 10), the coupling involving the exchange of only three instead of four vibrational quanta. A situation in which the 141 state is coupled to the 62111 state to yield an avoided crossing and off-resonantly coupled to the 31161 state would be consistent with some experimental results and not affect the reasonable agreement of the slope difference and splitting for the avoided crossing plots

Theory of fluorescence excitation spectra using anharmonic-coriolis coupling in S1 and internal conversion to S0. I. General formalism

A treatment of one- or two-photon fluorescence excitation spectra is described using the vibration–rotation coupling of zeroth order states in the excited electronic state and nonadiabatic coupling to the ground state. Using perturbation theory, experimental harmonic frequencies, an anharmonic force field, and various theoretical Coriolis coupling constants, a quasistationary molecular eigenstate in an excited electronic state S1 is first calculated. The S1 eigenstate is then coupled via the nonadiabatic nuclear kinetic energy operator (internal conversion) to rovibronic states in the ground state manifold, the latter states approximated in a simple manner. A search algorithm is used to select the S1 dark states and the S0 states. Both the perturbation theory coefficient and the Franck–Condon factors are employed in the evaluation function used in the search. The results are applied in part II to the channel three problem in benzene

Hydrostatic extrusion of bimetallic composites

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PENERAPAN TEKNIK RELAKSASI DENGAN MASALAH KEPERAWATAN NYERI AKUT PADA PASIEN POST OP APPENDICITIS DI RUANG AZZARA 1 RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM JEMURSARI SURABAYA

Appendicitis merupakan kasus infeksi intraabdominal yang membutuhkan tindakan pembedahan segera. Klien dengan post op appendicitis sering kali mengeluh nyeri. Tindakan yang dapat diberikan untuk menurunkan nyeri adalah teknik relaksasi. Penerapan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian teknik relaksasi terhadap penurunan tingkat nyeri pada pasien post op appendicitis di ruang Azzara 1 Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari Surabaya. Desain penelitian studi kasus pada satu kasus dipilih. Variabel penelitian yaitu tehnik relaksasi, tempat dan waktu pada tanggal 1 Juli sampai 3 Juli 2015 di ruang azzara 1 RSI Jemursari Surabaya. Prosedur pengambilan dan pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dan pemeriksaan dan teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan analisis induktif. Hasil yang didapatkan setelah dilakukan tindakan teknik relaksasi. mengalami penurunan nyeri secara bertahap yaitu interval skala nyeri 6 menjadi 3. Penerapan teknik relaksasi berpengaruh terhadap penurunan nyeri. Petugas kesehatan diharapkan dapat sosialisasi, demonstrasi dan penyebaran leaflet tentang penerapan tehnik relaksasi secara terus menerus

The Role of RASSF5 on Cell Growth and Hippo Signaling in Rhabdomyosarcoma

Introduction: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway, a signaling cascade that regulates many biological processes, is associated with many human cancers. The goal of my project was to delete RASSF5, a regulator of the Hippo pathway, in RMS cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 and then to evaluate how the absence of RASSF5 affects RMS cell growth and Hippo signaling, with and without DNMTi Tx. Methods: A lipofectamine transfection was performed in two different RMS cell lines, Rh30 & RD, in which two different CRIPSR/Cas9 vectors with RASSF5 guide RNA were introduced. Then IncuCyte growth assays, western blot and qPCR were performed Results: The IncuCyte growth curve for one of the RASSF5 CRISPR Rh30 cell lines, Sg1, revealed a faster rate of cell growth compared to the control Rh30s. Also, when treated with SGI110 Tx, there is reduction of drug induced growth inhibition of Sg1 Rh30 cells compared to controls. When looking at the protein level, although Cas9 expression was observed, there was no baseline reduction in RASSF5. Discussion: While some of this data suggests that we have less activation of the Hippo pathway, which would result from a reduction in RASSF5, other data implies that RASSF5 was not deleted entirely. Further research is needed to elucidate RASSF5’s role in both RMS and the altered Hippo pathway in RMS