Clinicopathologic study of large abdominal masses in gynaecological practice and their outcome

Background: In female reproductive tract the differential diagnosis of pelvic mass is quite variable because abnormality may arise from gynaecological or non-gynaecological origin. The aim of the present study is to find out the causes why these patients come with large abdominal masses, to find out the risk factors and to do proper management.Methods: This study is a retrospective study of all cases of large abdominal mass All the patient coming with palpable abdominal and pelvic adnexal mass in the gynaecologic OPD were included in the study. Study population included women of all ages and the relevant population of women with treatment for fibroids and ovarian mass. The data was analysed retrospectively and the results were computed accordingly.Results: Incidence of large ovarian mass was found out to be 2.82% and of large fibroid was 2.31%. Our study showed the peak incidence of ovarian tumors in age group more than 40 years. 90.5% of patients were illiterate and only 10 patients were literate. In the study only 8.57% patients had addiction to some drug and all were tobacco chewer. The incidence of benign tumor was 83.33% (commonest being ovarian tumours) and that of malignant tumors is 16.66%.Conclusions: Ultrasound is effective in detecting the abdominal mass, size and type of abdominal mass, so that early diagnosis can be done and treatment can be given as soon as possible. Apart from already established risk factors, obesity and uterine fibroid have an important association

Structural and functional analysis of rice genome

Rice is an excellent system for plant genomics as it represents a modest size genome of 430 Mb. It feeds more than half the population of the world. Draft sequences of the rice genome, derived by whole-genome shotgun approach at relatively low coverage (4-6 X), were published and the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP) declared high quality (>10 X), genetically anchored, phase 2 level sequence in 2002. In addition, phase 3 level finished sequence of chromosomes 1, 4 and 10 (out of 12 chromosomes of rice) has already been reported by scientists from IRGSP consortium. Various estimates of genes in rice place the number at >50,000. Already, over 28,000 full-length cDNAs have been sequenced, most of which map to genetically anchored genome sequence. Such information is very useful in revealing novel features of macroand micro-level synteny of rice genome with other cereals. Microarray analysis is unraveling the identity of rice genes expressing in temporal and spatial manner and should help target candidate genes useful for improving traits of agronomic importance. Simultaneously, functional analysis of rice genome has been initiated by marker-based characterization of useful genes and employing functional knock-outs created by mutation or gene tagging. Integration of this enormous information is expected to catalyze tremendous activity on basic and applied aspects of rice genomics

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ∼ 1.7 {{s}} with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of {40}-8+8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 {M}ȯ . An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ∼ 40 {{Mpc}}) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ∼10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ∼ 9 and ∼ 16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC 4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta.</p

Clinicopathologic study of large abdominal masses in gynaecological practice and their outcome

Background: In female reproductive tract the differential diagnosis of pelvic mass is quite variable because abnormality may arise from gynaecological or non-gynaecological origin. The aim of the present study is to find out the causes why these patients come with large abdominal masses, to find out the risk factors and to do proper management.Methods: This study is a retrospective study of all cases of large abdominal mass All the patient coming with palpable abdominal and pelvic adnexal mass in the gynaecologic OPD were included in the study. Study population included women of all ages and the relevant population of women with treatment for fibroids and ovarian mass. The data was analysed retrospectively and the results were computed accordingly.Results: Incidence of large ovarian mass was found out to be 2.82% and of large fibroid was 2.31%. Our study showed the peak incidence of ovarian tumors in age group more than 40 years. 90.5% of patients were illiterate and only 10 patients were literate. In the study only 8.57% patients had addiction to some drug and all were tobacco chewer. The incidence of benign tumor was 83.33% (commonest being ovarian tumours) and that of malignant tumors is 16.66%.Conclusions: Ultrasound is effective in detecting the abdominal mass, size and type of abdominal mass, so that early diagnosis can be done and treatment can be given as soon as possible. Apart from already established risk factors, obesity and uterine fibroid have an important association

Not Available

Not AvailableBorax (Na2B4O7, 10.5% Boron) loaded CMC-g-cl-Poly(AAm) hydrogel composites were prepared by in situ grafting of acrylamide on to sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the presence of borax by free radical polymerization technique to develop slow boron (B) delivery device. The composition, morphology, and mechanical properties of synthesized composites were studied by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, texture analyser, and dynamic shear rheometer. Characterization revealed formation of borate ion (BO32 3 ) from borax during polymerization reaction leading to extensive crosslinking of cellulosic chains and generation of mechanically strong composite hydrogels. Dynamic release of BO32 3 from the synthesized composites hydrogels followed Fickian diffusion mechanism and composites with high mechanical strength resulted in slow release of B.Not Availabl

Impact of newer initiatives on treatment compliance and outcome in tuberculosis patients of rural Delhi and rural Ghaziabad – a comparative study

Background: India has the highest burden of Tuberculosis in the world, having about one-fourth of the total global incident cases of the disease in 2017. The RNTCP program started many newer initiatives in 2015 to improve compliance and treatment outcomes, reduce the incidence of resistance and control the TB-HIV co-infection. Objectives: To assess the improvement in patient compliance, to find out and compare the improvement in nutritional status of the patients after initiation of treatment and Direct Benefit Transfer and to compare the treatment outcomes of the enrolled subjects in the two areas. Material and Method: Data was collected from the DOTS centers under CHC, Muradnagar and TB and Chest Hospital Karawal Nagar, between January 2019 to September 2019. Details of the enrolled patients were taken from the centers and these patients were contacted individually. Of the registered patients, 59 patients from Muradnagar, Ghaziabad and 70 from Karawal Nagar, Delhi had completed treatment at the time of data collection and they were further evaluated for different parameters. Results: 62% of the registered patients at DOTS centre, Muradnagar, had completed treatment, 35.1% were cured, 1.7% died during treatment while only 1.2% of the patients did not show good compliance. 54% of the registered patients at DOTS centre of Karawalnagar, East Delhi, had completed treatment, 25.5% were cured, 2.7% of the patients had died during treatment while only 2.7% of the total patients did not show good compliance. More number of patients registered at Ghaziabad had either completed the treatment or were cured (97.1%) as compared to Delhi (79.5%). The mean gain in weight was 5.39 kg and 5.04 kg for Ghaziabad and Delhi respectively. This gain in weight had no relationship with Direct Benefit Transfer

Efficient Energy Harvesting Using Processed Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Nanogenerator

Poly­(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is processed at high temperature to generate energy from waste mechanical energy. The piezoelectric β-phase has been induced through uniaxial elongation of polymer films at high temperature. The extent of β-phase has been confirmed from a deconvoluted XRD pattern, found to be ∼75% of the electroactive phase, and able to demonstrate high piezoelectric effect as evident from the measured piezoelectric coefficient of −30 pC/N after a suitably processed and poled specimen. Bulk morphology and spectroscopic studies support the structural alteration. Following the direct piezoelectric effect, energy harvesting devices have been fabricated which show very high power output of 55.2 μW/cm² using the processed and poled specimen. Thus, robust and easily processable polymeric material having very high energy conversion efficiency is demonstrated which is sufficient to power miniaturized devices

Processing and nanoclay induced piezoelectricity in poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene) nanohybrid for device application

Process and nanoparticle induced piezoelectric super toughened poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoro propylene) (HFP) nanohybrids have been developed for device application. The nanohybrids have been prepared by incorporating organically modified nanoclay through solution route. The nanohybrids show improvement in toughness and modulus along with piezoelectric phases compared to pure HFP. Piezoelectric phase has further enhanced to 75% in nanohybrid after uniaxial stretching of the thin film at moderately high temperature as compared to meager 18% beta-phase before stretching. The structural changes including quantitative measurements have been confirmed through X-ray diffraction, spectro-scopic and thermal studies. The structural and morphological origins of super toughening phenomena have been worked out. The piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients (d33 and p) exhibit significant increase after stretching at high temperature and the relative improvements are more in nanohybrid than that of pure HFP, arising from the presence of greater amount of b-phase in nanohybrid. The effect of structure on ferroelectricity has been studied through polarization-electric field hysteresis loop confirming greater maximum polarization, remnant polarization and coercive field for nanohybrid against pure HFP. Finally, fabrication of the unimorph has been performed using the high piezoelectric coefficient materials. The greater voltage generation under impulse load is demonstrated for nanohybrid along with longer time response vis-a-vis pure HFP clearly indicating the superior piezoelectric device made using nanohybrid where the extent of piezoelectric phase is considerably higher. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved