NORMATIVE ORIENTATION OF THE LANGUAGE OF FICTION: LINGUISTIC-AESTHETIC ASPECT

Purpose: The article conducts the study implementation of the normative orientation of the language of fiction: linguistic-aesthetic aspect Methodology: This is analytical-logical research done by content analysis. Result: In the article, it is argued that normative orientation of the fiction speech is rather different from that of functional styles in which, as a rule, not only non-literary language elements but also specific phenomena of other styles are not used. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students. Novelty/Originality: A number of outstanding scientists such as V.D. Levin, N.A. Meshchersky, N.M. Shansky, N.L. Maksimov, D.N. Shmelev, K.A. Panfilov and others consider the language of fiction as a special type of the literary language which is characterized by aesthetic function and in which the particular peculiarities of all other functional styles can be found as well as non-literary linguistic means of different kinds: colloquial, slang, dialectal, etc

DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS OF ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

Studies of probable significance of different immunological mediators for the development of chronic allergic inflammation in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) are necessary in order to specify potential targets for therapeutic intervention and timely diagnosis of the disease. The purpose of present study was to determine the features of immune response regulation, and to identify diagnostic markers associated with development of ABPA in patients with bronchial asthma, and to evaluate clinical and immunological efficacy of specific antimycotic therapy.The study involved 13 patients with ABPA, 14 patients with bronchial asthma with fungal sensitization (BAFS), 17 patients with bronchial asthma (BA) and 12 apparently healthy individuals. Levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), IL-8, as well as levels of total IgE and specific IgE to Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) were measured in blood serum by enzyme immunoassay; blood eosinophil counts were also made. Monitoring of these immunological markers in the course of antimycotic therapy was carried out.Significantly higher numbers of eosinophils, increased levels of total IgE and sIgE for A. fumigatus, as well as TARC and IL-8 in serum were revealed in patients with ABPA when compared to the patients with BA. No significant differences in TSLP content were found between the examined groups of patients. A positive correlation between the levels of sIgE to A. fumigatus and contents of TARC and IL-8, numbers of eosinophils, and total IgE levels confirms the important diagnostic value of proinflammatory cytokines in ABPA patients. In the course of itraconazole medication, a positive clinical and immunological dynamics in ABPA patients was revealed. After 12 weeks of therapy, a significant increase in AST, FEV1 and Tiffno respiratory indexes, along with decreased number of eosinophils, total IgE levels, and a trend towards a decrease in TARC and IL-8 levels were documented. This dynamics confirms clinical efficiency of antifungal drugs when treating chronic allergic inflammation in ABPA patients.Implementation of modern immunological biomarkers, alongside with traditional indicators, will allow to differentially evaluate a probability for ABLA development in patients with bronchial asthma, to present additional evidence for discerning early stages of the disease, and to conclude about the efficiency of the therapy applied

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Session 17 Ecophysiology

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Diagnosis of Bactec samples by immunoglobulins of mouse hyperimmune sera obtained against modified antigens of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The objective: using double-site enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) to evaluate the specificity of the antigens of digestive and chemically modified cell walls (CW) of M. tuberculosis.Subjects and methods. Hyperimmune sera of mice were obtained against modified CW antigens; immunoglobulins of different subclasses were isolated from them. With their help, 152 Bactec cultures with mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial growth from patients with lung diseases were tested by ELISA.Results. When CW was treated with proteinase K (prK), the protein content decreased by 10 times, and upon hydrolysis of NaOH, by more than 30 times. In immunoblotting, there was a narrowing of the spectrum of recognized antigens by the sera of hyperimmune mice (compared with whole CW), which indicated a decrease in their immunogenicity. Modification of WC of M. tuberculosis disavows 54 kDa antigen, causing a strong IgG1 subclass response.Diagnostic efficacy in ELISA with Bactec cultures increases with the use of immunoglobulins obtained against antigens treated with proteinase K – 79.14% (Pr.A) and 86.68% (Pr.G), when compared with immunoglobulins against the original drug – 70.69% (Pr.A) and 69.11% (Pr.G). Specificity increases significantly when using IgG1 antibodies after immunization with CW treated with prK (71.92% versus 25.93% in the initial preparation). Thus, new antigens of M. tuberculosis were identified, new antibody preparations for diagnosis in microbiological cultures were created against them