Potential Role of Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase, rather than DNA-dependent Protein Kinase, in CpG DNA–induced Immune Activation

Unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA stimulate a strong innate immune response. There is evidence that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) mediates CpG signaling. Specifically, wortmannin (an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase [PI3]-kinases including DNA-PK) interferes with CpG-dependent cell activation, and DNA-PK knockout (KO) mice fail to respond to CpG stimulation. Current studies establish that wortmannin actually inhibits the uptake and colocalization of CpG DNA with toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 in endocytic vesicles, thereby preventing CpG-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade. We find that DNA-PK is not involved in this process, since three strains of DNA-PK KO mice responded normally to CpG DNA. These results support a model in which CpG signaling is mediated through TLR-9 but not DNA-PK, and suggest that wortmannin-sensitive member(s) of the PI3-kinase family play a critical role in shuttling CpG DNA to TLR-9

Significance of serum palmitoleic acid levels in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic intestinal diseases of unknown etiology that present with variable disease extents and outcomes. The use of biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of IBDs is considered beneficial. Palmitoleic acid (PO) is an adipose tissue-derived mono-unsaturated free fatty acid that potentially serves as a lipokine in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of PO levels in the serum of patients with UC and CD. The study included patients with UC (n = 22), patients with CD (n = 35), and controls (n = 22). The levels of serum PO were analyzed using gas chromatography. The association of serum PO levels with the clinical features and disease outcomes in IBD was examined. Serum PO levels were significantly higher in patients with CD than in controls, whereas no difference in these levels was observed between patients with UC and controls. Serum PO levels were significantly associated with the CD activity index. Additionally, high serum PO levels were associated with an increased risk of surgical intervention requirement during follow-up. In a pilot study with a few patients, high PO levels were observed in the mesenteric tissue in the active disease site of patients with CD (n = 7) compared with those with colon cancer (n = 6). Elevated serum PO levels might serve as a marker for local inflammation and prognosis in patients with CD

シンリョウジョ シュッサン シタ ジョセイ ノ ニンシン リスクスコアヲ モチイタ リスク ヒョウカ ノ ケントウ

目的 平成16年に開発された妊娠リスクスコア自己評価表(以下,スコア)を用いて診療所で出産した女性の得点を算出し,リスクレベルの傾向とスコアの特徴,分娩帰結との関連を検討する.方法 対象はA診療所で平成20年1月～ 12月に分娩し協力が得られた124名である.診療録よりスコアの評価項目と分娩帰結の情報を収集し,スコアA(初診時評価点)とスコアB(妊娠後半期評価点),合計スコア(スコアAとスコアBの総合得点)を算出した.次に,スコアA,スコアB,合計スコアそれぞれについて早産,分娩時異常出血(1,000ml以上),低出生体重児,吸引分娩,帝王切開分娩の5項目と低リスク群(0-1点)・中リスク群(2-3点)・高リスク群(4点以上)間の関連をみた.結果 平均年齢30.5±3.45歳,初産婦4割,経産婦6割であった.スコア別リスク群別割合は,スコアAで1点が37.9%と最も多く,低リスク群が半数(58.9%)を占めた.スコアBでは0点が80.6%と最も多く,同群が8割以上(83.1%)を占めた.合計スコアをみると中・高リスク群合わせて全体の50.1%を占めた.分娩帰結に異常がなかった事例は全体の78.2%で,うち診療所が単独で扱えない中・高リスク群は37.1%であった.一方早産,分娩時異常出血,低出生体重児,吸引分娩,帝王切開の帰結をとった事例は全体の21.8%あり,うち低リスク群は3.2%(4件)あった.スコアBで加点された事例を概観すると分娩帰結に大きな影響を及ぼす事例であった.χ2独立性の検定の結果,特に,Bスコアで骨盤位,IUGR,低位胎盤,双胎により2点以上の得点が付いた場合と,帝王切開や低出生体重児である傾向に関連があった.結論 1.スコアAは容易に加点されるが分娩帰結に影響を与える項目は少なく,スコアBは容易に加点されないが加点されると分娩帰結に直結する項目が多かった.2.妊産婦らが忠実にスコアの評価基準を守れば,約半数が二次・三次医療施設での健診・分娩が適切であると判断される.3.リスク得点が分娩帰結を反映していない事例が一部存在した.4.妊婦の後半期の評価において2点以上のリスク得点が付く場合には,帝王切開と低出生体重児などの異常帰結を取る傾向があり,スコアBの有用性が示唆された.Aim To use the pregnancy risk score self-assessment form developed in 2004 to examine the relationship between the risk level of women who delivered at a clinic and the birth result.Method The subjects were 124 women who gave birth from January～December 2008 at Clinic A and from whom consent was obtained.Birth results and scored items were collected from medical records to calculate Score A(first medical examination),Score B(latter half of pregnancy),and the Total Score(A and B).Next, with regard to each score,correlations were sought between five items(premature delivery,intrapartum abnormal bleeding(1,000ml or more),low birth weight infant,vacuum extraction and caesarean delivery) and the low(0-1 points),intermediate(2-3 points)and high(4 or more points)risk groups. Results Subjects\u27 mean age was 30.5±3.45 years with 40% primipara and 60% multipara.Inspection showed a correlation tending toward caesarean section(r=0.506)or low birth weight infant(r=0.409),particularly when two or more points were assigned for breech presentation, IUGR,low lying placenta or twin fetus to Score B. Conclusion When two or more points were assigned to the risk score during the latter half of pregnancy, there was a tendency toward caesarean operation,lower birth weight infant or other abnormal results, suggesting the utility of Score B

High Serum Vaspin Concentrations in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Background: Adipocytokines are associated with energy homeostasis and mediate various immune responses and inflammatory processes. Vaspin is a novel adipocytokine that is thought to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Aim: We aimed to evaluate serum vaspin levels in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and determine its possible associations with the course and to clarify its intestinal localization. Methods: Serum samples were obtained from patients with Crohn\u27s disease (CD; n = 30) and ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 33) and from healthy volunteers (controls; n = 26). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed for all patients. Vaspin immunohistochemical staining was performed for intestines affected with IBD. Results: Serum vaspin concentrations were significantly higher in patients with UC than in patients with CD and controls (422.9 ± 361.9 vs. 163.4 ± 116.2 vs. 147.5 ± 89.4 pg/mL, respectively; P < 0.01). There was no difference in the serum vaspin concentrations between the patients with CD and controls. There was also no difference in the serum vaspin concentrations between the patients with active IBD and those with inactive IBD. However, the serum vaspin concentrations of most patients with UC increased after remission induction. Vaspin was expressed in the adipocytes of the mesenteric adipose tissues but not in the epithelial or inflammatory cells of large intestines of the patients with IBD. Conclusions: Serum vaspin concentrations are elevated in patients with UC and increase further after remission induction, suggesting that vaspin may aid the auxiliary diagnosis of UC and may be useful for assessing disease activity in patients

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Research and Design of a Routing Protocol in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络，作为全球未来十大技术之一，集成了传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理和自组织网技术，可实时感知、采集、处理、传输网络分布区域内的各种信息数据，在军事国防、生物医疗、环境监测、抢险救灾、防恐反恐、危险区域远程控制等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。 本文研究分析了无线传感器网络的已有路由协议，并针对大规模的无线传感器网络设计了一种树状路由协议，它根据节点地址信息来形成路由，从而简化了复杂繁冗的路由表查找和维护，节省了不必要的开销，提高了路由效率，实现了快速有效的数据传输。 为支持此路由协议本文提出了一种自适应动态地址分配算——ADAR（AdaptiveDynamicAddre...As one of the ten high technologies in the future, wireless sensor network, which is the integration of micro-sensors, embedded computing, modern network and Ad Hoc technologies, can apperceive, collect, process and transmit various information data within the region. It can be used in military defense, biomedical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, counter-terrorism, remote control of haz...学位：工学硕士院系专业：信息科学与技术学院通信工程系_通信与信息系统学号：2332007115216