Effet de différents systèmes de culture à couverture végétale sur le stockage du carbone dans un sol argileux des Hautes Terres de Madagascar

Stocker du carbone dans le sol permet d'améliorer ses propriétés physico-chimiques et de réduire les émissions de dioxyde de carbone vers l'atmosphère. L'effet des systèmes en semis direct avec couverture végétale (SCV) sur le stockage de C dans le sol est étudié sur un dispositif agronomique de longue durée (11 ans) à Antsirabe, Madagascar (16°C, 1 300 mm). Quatre systèmes sont étudiés: un système en labour conventionnel avec exportation des résidus de récolte [CT m/s, rotation maïs (Zea mays L.)-soja (Glycine max. L.)], et trois systèmes en SCV sans travail du sol, et avec restitution des résidus de récolte [NT m/s, rotation maïs-soja; NT m/m-d, rotation maïs-maïs avec une couverture végétale de Desmodium uncinatum; et NT h/s-k, rotation haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris)-soja avec une couverture végétale de Pennissetum clandestinum]. Le sol est très argileux, à faible capacité d'échange cationique mais possédant des propriétés andiques pouvant influencer les potentialités de stockage du C du sol. A 0-5 cm, les teneurs en C sont plus élevées sous SCV (NT m/s, NT m/m-d et NT his) que sous labour (CT m/s), et à 5-10 cm, elles sont plus élevées sous NT m/m-d et NT m/s que sous NT h/s-k et CT m/s. Le stockage annuel de C, à masse de sol équivalente, est de 0,69 et 1,01 mg C.ha-1.an-1, sous NT m/s et NT m/m-d pour l'horizon équivalent à 0-20 cm, alors qu'il n'y a pas d'effet SCV observé pour l'horizon équivalent à 0-40 cm. Ceci peut être dû à la fois à l'absence réelle de stockage comme à une variabilité initiale des teneurs en C dans les horizons de profondeurs, car le labour n'est effectué que jusqu'à 20 cm de profondeur. Les différences de stockage de C entre NT et CT dans la couche 0-20 cm sont essentiellement attribuées aux quantités beaucoup plus importantes de résidus organiques restituées par les systèmes NT par rapport au système labouré CT, mais on peut aussi envisager qu'une partie de cette différence soit le fait d'une perte de C par érosion sous labour. Les teneurs en macroagrégats stables (MA, 200-2 000 [mu]m) sont plus élevées sous NT m/s, NT h/s-k et NT m/m-d que sous CT m/s à 0-5 cm et à 5-10 cm. Cette teneur en MA est corrélée positivement (R = 0,408, p < 0,05, n = 24) avec la teneur en C du sol, ce qui pourrait induire (i) une amélioration de l'agrégation en fonction de l'augmentation de la teneur en C du sol et (ii) une protection du C se trouvant à l'intérieur de ces agrégats contre la minéralisation microbienne. Toutefois, la respirométrie ne montre pas une protection physique de C dans les sites de protection supérieurs à 200 [mu]m pour NT m/s et CT m/s. Dans cette étude, le C stocké dans le sol pourrait alors être protégé contre la minéralisation par d'autres processus comme l'adsorption sur les colloïdes du sol ou la recalcitrance biochimique de la matière organique du sol. (Résumé d'auteur

NimbleAI: towards neuromorphic sensing-processing 3D-integrated chips

The NimbleAI Horizon Europe project leverages key principles of energy-efficient visual sensing and processing in biological eyes and brains, and harnesses the latest advances in 33D stacked silicon integration, to create an integral sensing-processing neuromorphic architecture that efficiently and accurately runs computer vision algorithms in area-constrained endpoint chips. The rationale behind the NimbleAI architecture is: sense data only with high information value and discard data as soon as they are found not to be useful for the application (in a given context). The NimbleAI sensing-processing architecture is to be specialized after-deployment by tunning system-level trade-offs for each particular computer vision algorithm and deployment environment. The objectives of NimbleAI are: (1) 100x performance per mW gains compared to state-of-the-practice solutions (i.e., CPU/GPUs processing frame-based video); (2) 50x processing latency reduction compared to CPU/GPUs; (3) energy consumption in the order of tens of mWs; and (4) silicon area of approx. 50 mm 2 .NimbleAI has received funding from the EU’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation programme (Grant Agreement 101070679), and by the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding guarantee (Grant Agreement 10039070)Peer ReviewedArticle signat per 49 autors/es: Xabier Iturbe, IKERLAN, Basque Country (Spain); Nassim Abderrahmane, MENTA, France; Jaume Abella, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Catalonia, Spain; Sergi Alcaide, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Catalonia, Spain; Eric Beyne, IMEC, Belgium; Henri-Pierre Charles, CEA-LIST, University Grenoble Alpes, France; Christelle Charpin-Nicolle, CEALETI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France; Lars Chittka, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Angélica Dávila, IKERLAN, Basque Country (Spain); Arne Erdmann, Raytrix, Germany; Carles Estrada, IKERLAN, Basque Country (Spain); Ander Fernández, IKERLAN, Basque Country (Spain); Anna Fontanelli, Monozukuri (MZ Technologies), Italy; José Flich, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain; Gianluca Furano, ESA ESTEC, Netherlands; Alejandro Hernán Gloriani, Viewpointsystem, Austria; Erik Isusquiza, ULMA Medical Technologies, Basque Country (Spain); Radu Grosu, TU Wien, Austria; Carles Hernández, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain; Daniele Ielmini, Politecnico Milano, Italy; David Jackson, University of Manchester, UK; Maha Kooli, CEA-LIST, University Grenoble Alpes, France; Nicola Lepri, Politecnico Milano, Italy; Bernabé Linares-Barranco, CSIC, Spain; Jean-Loup Lachese, MENTA, France; Eric Laurent, MENTA, France; Menno Lindwer, GrAI Matter Labs (GML), Netherlands; Frank Linsenmaier, Viewpointsystem, Austria; Mikel Luján, University of Manchester, UK; Karel Masařík, CODASIP, Czech Republic; Nele Mentens, Universiteit Leiden, Netherlands; Orlando Moreira, GrAI Matter Labs (GML), Netherlands; Chinmay Nawghane, IMEC, Belgium; Luca Peres, University of Manchester, UK; Jean-Philippe Noel, CEA-LIST, University Grenoble Alpes, France; Arash Pourtaherian, GrAI Matter Labs (GML), Netherlands; Christoph Posch, PROPHESEE, France; Peter Priller, AVL List, Austria; Zdenek Prikryl, CODASIP, Czech Republic; Felix Resch, TU Wien, Austria; Oliver Rhodes, University of Manchester, UK; Todor Stefanov, Universiteit Leiden, Netherlands; Moritz Storring, IMEC, Belgium; Michele Taliercio, Monozukuri (MZ Technologies), Italy; Rafael Tornero, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain; Marcel van de Burgwal, IMEC, Belgium; Geert van der Plas, IMEC, Belgium; Elisa Vianello, CEALETI, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France; Pavel Zaykov, CODASIP, Czech RepublicPostprint (author's final draft

Multispectral photon-counting for medical imaging and beam characterization - A project review

Central focus of the MPMIB project – funded via the Academy of Finland’s RADDESS 2018–2021 programme – has been research towards a next-generation radiation detection system operating in a photon-counting (PC) multispectral mode: The extraction of energy spectrum per detector pixel data will lead to better efficacy in medical imaging with ionizing radiation. Therefore, it can be an important asset for diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy, enabling better diagnostic outcome with lower radiation dose as well as more versatile characterization of the radiation beam, leading for example to more accurate patient dosimetry. We present our approach of fabricating direct-conversion detectors based on cadmium telluride (CdTe) semiconductor material hybridized with PC mode capable application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), and will give a review on our achievements, challenges and lessons learned. The CdTe crystals were processed at Micronova, Finland’s national research infrastructure for micro- and nanotechnology, employing techniques such as surface passivation via atomic layer deposition, and flip chip bonding of processed sensors to ASIC. Although CdTe has excellent photon radiation absorption properties, it is a brittle material that can include large concentrations of defects. We will therefore also emphasize our quality assessment of CdTe crystals and processed detectors, and present experimental data obtained with prototype detectors in X-ray and Co-60 beams at a standards laboratoryPeer reviewe

National curriculum review reports

National Curriculum Review Reports will be produced for each consortium country in M8. This deliverable will draw on the content/textual analysis of school curricula and textbooks on subjects covering issues of national history, cultural heritage, identity and citizenship

European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) Consensus Statement on the Role of Pancreas Machine Perfusion to Increase the Donor Pool for Beta Cell Replacement Therapy

The advent of Machine Perfusion (MP) as a superior form of preservation and assessment for cold storage of both high-risk kidney’s and the liver presents opportunities in the field of beta-cell replacement. It is yet unknown whether such techniques, when applied to the pancreas, can increase the pool of suitable donor organs as well as ameliorating the effects of ischemia incurred during the retrieval process. Recent experimental models of pancreatic MP appear promising. Applications of MP to the pancreas, needs refinement regarding perfusion protocols and organ viability assessment criteria. To address the “Role of pancreas machine perfusion to increase the donor pool for beta cell replacement,” the European Society for Organ Transplantation (ESOT) assembled a dedicated working group comprising of experts to review literature pertaining to the role of MP as a method of improving donor pancreas quality as well as quantity available for transplant, and to develop guidelines founded on evidence-based reviews in experimental and clinical settings. These were subsequently refined during the Consensus Conference when this took place in Prague.</p

Mapping reports of cultural heritage

Mapping reports of locally formed cultural heritage and the degree of difference between the particular heritage sites will be delivered for each consortium country by M14. This deliverable will map the heritage ‘offer’ in each country, by exploring the existing discourses and institutional practices that constitute the representation and use of cultural heritage in each geographical location of the CHIEF consortium. The chief purpose of this deliverable is to provide background information for the selection of specific heritage spaces/sites (two in each country) for case-studies in the second phase of this WP

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements