A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges

A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

Manual orientador para la implementación de evaluaciones objetivas

Material financiado con fondos de los proyectos de Innovación a la Docencia de la Dirección General de Docencia.Este manual es el resultado del trabajo conjunto de académicos y académicas de disciplinas ligadas a las ciencias de la salud y la educación. Se espera aportar con esta herramienta evaluativa a las carreras de Nutrición y Dietética y aquellas afines, que deseen implementar las evaluaciones clínicas objetivas estructuradas (ECOE) en los itinerarios formativos de las casas de estudio de educación superior.I.Introducción II.Marco Referencial III.Orientaciones Generales para el diseño de las Evaluaciones Clínicas Objetivas Estructuradas. IV.Evaluación Clínica Objetiva Estructurada en Evaluación del Estado Nutricional. V.Evaluación Clínica Objetiva Estructurada en Atención Integral del Ciclo Vital. VI.Evaluación Clínica Objetiva Estructurada Áreas de Desempeño VII.Reflexiones. VIII.Anexo: Descripción de los programas de estudios de los autores del Manual. IX.Terminología. X.Bibliografía

Assessment of cardiometabolic risk determined by anthropometric variables in school children with ethnic diversity

El aumento progresivo de la obesidad en la población escolar chilena es preocupante, los niños mapuches, corren un riesgo alto de ser obesos, debido a la rápida transculturación y el acceso deficiente a información de salud pública. El propósito del estudio fue comparar variables antropometricas y su relación con el riesgo cardiometabólico en niños Mapuches y no-Mapuches, pertenecientes a colegios rurales de la IX Región de Chile. Se evaluaron 239 escolares (118 niñas y 121 niños) entre 6 y 12 años, pertenecientes a 3 colegios de rurales de la comuna de Cholchol, Imperial y Galvarino de la región de la Araucanía Chile, perteneciendo 177 escolares a la etnia mapuche, participaron de la investigación de forma voluntaria. Se recolectaron datos respecto a descendencia étnica (mapuche, no mapuche), edad, peso, talla, circunferencia cintura (CC), relación cintura estatura (RCE) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC). En la comparación por sexo y etnia no existieron diferencias significativas (p>0,05). Las variables Antropométricas de peso, CC, RCE, IMC fueron mayores en los sujetos con obesidad y presentaron significancia (p 0.05). The anthropometric variables of weight, CC, ROSC, BMI were higher in subjects with obesity and presented significance (p <0.001). The BMI showed high correlation with CC and presented significance (p <0.001). The result of the correlation of variables in Mapuche population of BMI with CC was higher (0.909, p <0.001), compared to non-Mapuches. This study reported a high prevalence of malnutrition due to excess of 43.9% of the total group studied and a high relationship between BMI, CC and RCE, being higher in children with Mapuche ethnicit

Características morfofuncionales de una muestra de futbolistas profesionales chilenos de primera B según posición de juego

Objective: to analyze the morphofunctional profile of Chilean professional soccer players according to their playing position. Method: the study design was non-experimental, with a descriptive-correlational scope. Twenty-nine professional soccer players belonging to the Valdivia Sports Club of Chile were evaluated. Fat percentage was established by measuring four skin folds and applying the Durnin and Womersley equation. For the physical variables, the maximum squat repetition test was applied, and the Brzycki method was used to project the maximum force in one repetition. In explosive force, the Bosco Test was performed; this test evaluates the squat jump (SJ). The level 1 recovery Yoyo Test was used for the aerobic resistance, with heart rate (HR) measurement at the end and in recovery (1 minute). Results: Only significant differences in height are observed between goalkeepers and midfielders (F = 4.491; p = 0.012); this implies that age, weight, and Σ4 folds do not affect in the playing position. Conclusions: it is observed that, in each game position, the players present a different morphofunctional configuration, which allows inferring that the work must be differentiated.Objetivo: analizar el perfil morfofuncional de futbolistas profesionales chilenos según su posición de juego. Método: el diseño del estudio fue no experimental, con un alcance descriptivo-correlacional. Se evaluaron 29 futbolistas profesionales de la primera B. Para determinar el porcentaje graso se midieron cuatro pliegues cutáneos y se aplicó la ecuación de Durnin y Womersley; para las variables físicas se aplicó el test de 1 repetición máxima de sentadillas y se utilizó el método de Brzycki para proyectar la fuerza máxima; en fuerza explosiva se ejecutó el Test de Bosco que evalúa el salto Squat Jump (SJ); para la resistencia aeróbica se utilizó el Yoyo test nivel 1 de recuperación, con toma de frecuencia cardiaca (FC) al final y en recuperación (1 minuto). Resultados: se observan solo diferencias significativas en la talla entre arqueros y volantes (F=4.491; p=0.012), esto implica, que la edad, peso y Σ4 pliegues no inciden en la posición de juego. Conclusiones: se observa que, en cada posición de juego, los jugadores presentan una configuración morfofuncional distinta, lo cual permite inferir que el trabajo debe ser diferenciado

Cuestionamientos al modelo extractivista neoliberal desde el Sur

Este libro se enmarca en la voluntad de alimentar un diálogo inter-disciplinar entre múltiples esferas sociales, culturales y territoriales en relation al extractivismo, su estudio y vivencia. El libro se constituye en un instrumento que expresa un entrelazamiento entre actores, redes y realidades territoriales que dan forma a la riqueza y a la diversidad de los territorios amenazados actualmente por el extractivismo. Permitiendo una réflexión sobre el présente y el futuro del modelo de desarrollo actual, la présente publicación integra diverso

Author correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic

Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x, published online 2 August 2021. In the version of this article initially published, the following authors were omitted from the author list and the Author contributionssection for “investigation” and “writing and editing”: Nandor Hajdu (Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest,Hungary), Jordane Boudesseul (Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Perú), RafałMuda (Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland) and Sandersan Onie (Black Dog Institute, UNSWSydney, Sydney, Australia & Emotional Health for All Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia). In addition, Saeideh FatahModares’ name wasoriginally misspelled as Saiedeh FatahModarres in the author list. Further, affiliations have been corrected for Maria Terskova (NationalResearch University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia), Susana Ruiz Fernandez (FOM University of Applied Sciences,Essen; Leibniz-Institut fur Wissensmedien, Tubingen, and LEAD Research Network, Eberhard Karls University, Tubingen, Germany),Hendrik Godbersen (FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany), Gulnaz Anjum (Department of Psychology, Simon FraserUniversity, Burnaby, Canada, and Department of Economics & Social Sciences, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan)

Author Correction: A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Correction to: Nature Human Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01173-x, published online 2 August 2021. In the version of this article initially published, the following authors were omitted from the author list and the Author contributionssection for “investigation” and “writing and editing”: Nandor Hajdu (Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest,Hungary), Jordane Boudesseul (Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima, Perú), RafałMuda (Faculty of Economics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland) and Sandersan Onie (Black Dog Institute, UNSWSydney, Sydney, Australia & Emotional Health for All Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia). In addition, Saeideh FatahModares’ name wasoriginally misspelled as Saiedeh FatahModarres in the author list. Further, affiliations have been corrected for Maria Terskova (NationalResearch University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia), Susana Ruiz Fernandez (FOM University of Applied Sciences,Essen; Leibniz-Institut fur Wissensmedien, Tubingen, and LEAD Research Network, Eberhard Karls University, Tubingen, Germany),Hendrik Godbersen (FOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany), Gulnaz Anjum (Department of Psychology, Simon FraserUniversity, Burnaby, Canada, and Department of Economics & Social Sciences, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan)