A Urbanização na Zona Costeira: Processos Locais e Regionais e as Transformações Ambientais - O Caso do Litoral Norte do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Urbanization has expanded the use of natural resources along the North Coast of RS, undermining its environmental quality but, on the other hand, enabling the economic and socio-cultural diversity of the region that has contributed to its development. In this sense, this research seeks to understand the urban environmental problems of the North Coast municipalities in order to contribute to guidelines for regional development within a sustainability framework. This requires: (a) analyzing the main environmental impacts of urban growth in coastal regions at different spatial scales; b) characterizing the North Coast region of Rio Grande do Sul, considering its natural characteristics, historical, demographic, and socioeconomic features and; c) identifying the environmental changes in the region. The investigation searched for analytical techniques and qualitative and quantitative data both primary and secondary. The region of the North Coast has experienced in recent years significant changes in its socio-spatial dynamics determined mainly by subdividing existing municipalities into several, urbanization and seasonal tourism. However, these changes have caused a lot of problems for an environment characterized by diverse ecosystems and high susceptibility to erosion and degradation.A urbanização ampliou a utilização dos recursos naturais do Litoral Norte do RS, comprometendo a sua qualidade ambiental e, por outro lado, possibilitou a diversificação econômica e sociocultural da região, contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento. Neste sentido, a pesquisa busca compreender os problemas ambientais urbanos dos municípios do Litoral Norte com o intuito de contribuir com diretrizes para o desenvolvimento regional no marco da sustentabilidade. Para tanto foi necessário: (a) analisar os principais impactos ambientais do crescimento urbano em regiões costeiras em diferentes escalas espaciais; b) caracterizar a região do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, considerando as características naturais, históricas, populacionais, socioeconômicas e; c) identificar as principais alterações ambientais da região. O trabalho investigativo procura contemplar técnicas de análise e interpretação de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, baseadas em fontes de dados primárias e secundárias. A região do Litoral Norte apresentou nos últimos anos transformações relevantes na sua dinâmica socioespacial determinadas, principalmente, pelas emancipações, urbanização e turismo sazonal. No entanto, essas transformações ocasionaram uma série de problemas para um ambiente caracterizado por ecossistemas diversificados e de grande suscetibilidade

Agentes comunitários de saúde no contexto da implantação de grandes obras de infraestrutura: o caso da hidrelétrica Belo Monte, Altamira-PA

The aim of this article is to analyze the perception of community health agents (CHA) about the performance of their activities in the context of the implementation of Belo Monte hydroelectric power plant. This construction project intensified economic and social processes and highlighted the challenges of community work. Through focus groups and questionnaires applied to CHA in 2015, we analyzed the perception of CHA who work in the region, impacted by the construction of the dam, on: their recognition and satisfaction with their work; the identification of risky areas and of families exposed to risky events; the difficulties found during home visits and the impacts of health indicators brought by the Belo Monte project. The article intends to contribute to the improvement of future strategies and to promote the better incorporation of these agents in the process of identification and mitigation of impacts in large infrastructure projects, given the proximity and daily contact of these agents with the problems of the city and its residents.El artículo analiza la percepción de los agentes comunitarios de salud (ACS) sobre el desempeño de sus actividades en el contexto de la implementación de la Central Hidroeléctrica Belo Monte. Este proyecto intensificó los procesos económicos y sociales y destacó los desafíos del trabajo comunitario. A través de grupos focales y cuestionarios aplicados a los ACS, en 2015, analizamos la percepción de los ACS que trabajaban en la región impactada por la planta de energía, acerca: el reconocimiento y la satisfacción con su trabajo; la identificación de áreas de riesgo y familias expuestas a la situación de riesgo; las dificultades encontradas durante las visitas domiciliarias; y los impactos en los indicadores de salud traídos por el proyecto de Belo Monte. El artículo pretende contribuir en la propuesta de futuras estrategias que promuevan la mejor incorporación de estos agentes en el proceso de identificación y mitigación de los impactos causados por las grandes obras de infraestructura, dada su proximidad y experiencia diaria con los problemas de la ciudad y sus habitantes.O artigo analisa a percepção dos agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) sobre o desempenho de suas atividades no contexto de implantação da Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte em Altamira-PA. Essa obra intensificou os processos econômicos e sociais e evidenciou os desafios do trabalho comunitário. Através de grupos focais e questionários aplicados aos ACS, em 2015, analisamos a percepção dos ACS que trabalham na região impactada pela usina sobre: o reconhecimento e satisfação com seu trabalho; a identificação de áreas de risco e de famílias expostas à situação de riscos; as dificuldades encontradas durante as visitas domiciliares; e os impactos nos indicadores de saúde trazidos pelo empreendimento Belo Monte. O artigo pretende contribuir na proposição de estratégias futuras que fomentem a melhor incorporação desses agentes no processo de identificação e mitigação dos impactos causados por grandes empreendimentos, dada a sua proximidade e experiência cotidiana com os problemas da cidade e de seus residentes

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe