Complementary addressed modification of oligonucleotide d(pGpGpCpGpGpA) with platinum derivative of oligonucleotide d(pTpCpCpGpCpCpTpTpT)

AbstractNew heterobifunctional reagent [BrPt(dien)—(CH2)6—(dien)Pt(H2O)]3+ (I) (− dien = diethylenetriamine residue) is proposed for preparation of complementary addressed reagents, reactive derivatives of oligonucleotides and polynucleotides. Two reactive groupings of (I) bind to oligonucleotides at different rates due to the higher reactivity of −[(dien)Pt(H2O)]2+ as compared to −[(dien)Pt Br]+. Using (I), bromodiethylenetriaminoplatinum group was attached to the oligonucleotide d(pTpCpCpGpCpCpTpTpT) (II) by rapid reaction of aquatriaminoplatinum group of (I) with guanosine residue of (II). The reactive oligonucleotide derivative III thus obtained was shown to modify predominantly 5′-terminal guanosine residue in the complementary oligonucleotide d(pGpGpCpGpGpA) (IV)

The Method of Selecting Boiler Houses under Technical Re-Equipment in a Mini-CHP

The development of the energy sector is aimed at improving the energy efficiency of heat and electricity. One way is to use cogeneration technologies. A large number of boiler houses created the preconditions for the creation of a mini-CHPP through their technical re-equipment. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for selecting and ranking boiler houses for transformation into a mini-CHPP. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved: the ef-fects of the formation of a mini-CHP in the energy district were revealed; a system of criteria has been developed that determines the feasibility of transforming a boiler house; a ranking co-efficient was proposed that reflects the potential for improving efficiency; the methodology was tested. The difference of the work is the complexity of the methodology, which takes into ac-count both the advantages of cogeneration technologies and energy balances, as well as individ-ual features of each boiler house. Multi-criteria selection of boiler houses is based on the pur-pose, fuel used, heat output and functions in heat supply systems. The technical condition, pro-spective balances of production and consumption of electricity in the energy district of a mini-CHPP are taken into account. The significance of the results lies in the fact that the proposed methodology makes it possible to increase the validity of decisions when transforming a boiler house into a mini-CHPP. The use of the selection results will lead to an increase in the economic efficiency of the heat supply system

ЭТНИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ НАСЛЕДСТВЕННОГО РАКА МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ В РЕГИОНЕ СИБИРИ

Background: Ethnic diversity of the population in the region of Siberia suggests the existence of different germline mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes associated with breast and ovarian cancer in different ethnic populations, but spectrum of these mutations has not been studied. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of the most common mutations BRCA1 / 2 (BRCA1 5382insC, BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 4153delAG, BRCA1 T300G, BRCA2 6174delT) in women diagnosed with breast cancer among indigenous people and newcomers living in Siberia. Methods: We tested 1281 genomic DNA samples for the presence of BRCA1 5382insC mutation in patients diagnosed with breast cancer considering no family history. 72 patients having hereditary cancer signs were tested for the mutations BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 4153delAG, BRCA1 T300G, BRCA2 6174delT. Results: Out of 765 patients of Slavic ethnic group, 27 women (3.5%) were carriers of allele BRCA1 5382insC. The frequencies of mutations in patients with signs of hereditary cancer were: 8.3% in group of young patients (under 40 years), 20.0% in patients with bilateral cancer and 5.7% in patients with family history of breast or ovarian cancers. We tested 516 BC patients residing on the territory of the Buryat-Aginsky district, Republics of Tyva and Altai. Out of them, there were 197 patients among the indigenous population (buryats, tuvinians, altaians), and 319 patients among newcomers (Slavic ethnics). Mutations BRCA1 5382insC were detected only in women from Slavic ethnic groups. The frequency of BRCA1 5382insC mutation was 6% in the group where family history was excluded and 14% in the group of patients with characteristics of family cancer. Allele BRCA1 5382insC was not found in indigenous breast cancer patients, although 59 patients had signs of hereditary cancer. In women from Slavic ethnic group, the BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 4153delAG and BRCA1 T300G mutations were detected in 9.1% of cases and were not found in patients among the indigenous population. Conclusion: studies of mutations in the BRCA1 gene in breast cancer patients from Siberia confirmed data on the high frequency of «founder mutation» BRCA1 5382insC in Slavic population and indicate the advisability of further studies to identify the genes responsible for the occurrence of hereditary breast cancer in the indigenous population. Обоснование: этническая разнородность населения Сибири предполагает наличие разных наследственных мутаций в генах BRCA1/2, ассоциированных с раком молочной железы (РМЖ) и раком яичников в различных популяциях, спектр которых не изучен. Цель исследования: оценить частоту встречаемости наиболее распространенных в РФ мутаций BRCA1/2 (BRCA1 5382insC, BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 4153delAG, BRCA1 T300G, BRCA2 6174delT) у представительниц коренного и пришлого населения Сибири. Методы: протестирован 1281 образец геномной ДНК на наличие распространенных мутаций у больных с диагнозом РМЖ. Результаты: из 765 больных РМЖ славянской принадлежности 27 человек (3,5%) были носителями аллеля BRCA1 5382insC. Частота мутации у пациенток с признаками наследственного рака составила: у молодых пациенток до 40 лет — 8,3%, у пациенток с билатеральным раком — 20,0%, при отягощенном семейном анамнезе — 5,7%. На наличие мутации BRCA15382insC протестировано 516 больных РМЖ из Агинского бурятского автономного округа, республик Тыва и Алтай, из них 319 женщин пришлого населения (славянки) и 197 представительниц коренного населения (бурятки, тувинки, алтайки). Мутации обнаружены только у славянок, частота без учета семейного анамнеза составила 6%, с учетом признаков семейного рака — около 14%. У больных РМЖ коренного населения мутация не обнаружена, хотя 59 пациенток имеют признаки наследственного рака. Мутации BRCA1 185delAG, BRCA1 4153delAG и BRCA1 T300G выявлены у славянок в 6,7% случаев и не выявлены у представительниц коренного населения. Заключение: получены данные о высокой частоте встречаемости «мутации-основателя» 5382insC у больных РМЖ славянской популяции и отсутствии «славянских» мутаций у больных РМЖ женщин монголоидного происхождения. Актуальны исследования по выявлению генов наследственного рака молочной железы у представительниц коренного населения.

Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age: Secondary Distance Indicators

The formal division of the distance indicators into primary and secondary leads to difficulties in description of methods which can actually be used in two ways: with, and without the support of the other methods for scaling. Thus instead of concentrating on the scaling requirement we concentrate on all methods of distance determination to extragalactic sources which are designated, at least formally, to use for individual sources. Among those, the Supernovae Ia is clearly the leader due to its enormous success in determination of the expansion rate of the Universe. However, new methods are rapidly developing, and there is also a progress in more traditional methods. We give a general overview of the methods but we mostly concentrate on the most recent developments in each field, and future expectations. © 2018, The Author(s)

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe

Relationship of edge localized mode burst times with divertor flux loop signal phase in JET

A phase relationship is identified between sequential edge localized modes (ELMs) occurrence times in a set of H-mode tokamak plasmas to the voltage measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region. We focus on plasmas in the Joint European Torus where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which ELMs are observed in the Be II emission at the divertor. The ELMs analysed arise from intrinsic ELMing, in that there is no deliberate intent to control the ELMing process by external means. We use ELM timings derived from the Be II signal to perform direct time domain analysis of the full flux loop VLD2 and VLD3 signals, which provide a high cadence global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux. Specifically, we examine how the time interval between pairs of successive ELMs is linked to the time-evolving phase of the full flux loop signals. Each ELM produces a clear early pulse in the full flux loop signals, whose peak time is used to condition our analysis. The arrival time of the following ELM, relative to this pulse, is found to fall into one of two categories: (i) prompt ELMs, which are directly paced by the initial response seen in the flux loop signals; and (ii) all other ELMs, which occur after the initial response of the full flux loop signals has decayed in amplitude. The times at which ELMs in category (ii) occur, relative to the first ELM of the pair, are clustered at times when the instantaneous phase of the full flux loop signal is close to its value at the time of the first ELM

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362