Investigación, enseñanza y aprendizaje en Geografía: una propuesta sobre el abordaje del espacio oriental pampeano en las aulas

En la provincia de La Pampa, constituida como espacio de borde del espacio pampeano, la diversidad y los contrastes se hacen más evidentes por su ubicación en la zona de transición entre los dominios subhúmedos, semiáridos y áridos. Las múltiples actividades que se desarrollan en el espacio geográfico, asociadas con la intencionalidad de los sujetos involucrados en ellas, generan una compleja trama de territorialidades cuya dinámica no está exenta de conflictos y situaciones complejas. Particularmente, el sector oriental representa un espacio específico y diferente dentro del contexto de la provincia. En este trabajo se intenta, a partir de una secuencia didáctica que articula la investigación con los procesos de enseñanza y de aprendizaje, recuperar un conjunto de saberes mediante un recorrido donde los conceptos/dimensiones de análisis, propósitos y actividades conforman una unidad de sentido y las enseñanzas y los aprendizajes adquieren carácter relacional (docente-contenidos, estudiantes-aprendizajes) e integracional (teórico-procedimental). Se analiza la importancia del espacio oriental como manifestación de procesos sociales a partir de dimensiones como la comunicación y las actividades económicas en relación con la agriculturización y la consecuente expansión de la frontera agropecuaria. Se busca comprender cómo operan las lógicas globales en el espacio y cómo influyen en la organización de los establecimientos agropecuarios, en los actores sociales, en el proceso de despoblamiento rural, en las inundaciones rurales, entre otras problemáticas. Metodológicamente, al resultar un estudio exploratorio, se toman datos del trabajo de campo, del recorrido por la producción bibliográfica y del análisis de discursos periodísticos.Evento realizado junto con el VII Congreso Nacional de Geografía de Universidades PúblicasFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Patrimonial volatility and new conceptualizations of urban soil value in intermediate cities

las lógicas tradicionales que influyen en la fijación del valor del suelo urbano se han visto modificadas, en los últimos tiempos, por las múltiples dinámicas que ocurren en las ciudades intermedias. El crecimiento de la población y la expansión territorial de estas ciudades, y los cambios en las concepciones del sector inmobiliario, las propuestas de los desarrolladores y los componentes perceptivos de la demanda conforman un mercado heterogéneo e imperfecto. A la teoría tradicional de valor del suelo se suman aquellas vinculadas con aspectos hedónicos que otorgan valor simbólico de acuerdo a un entramado complejo de aspectos psicosociales y económicos. En la fijación de precios se conjugan la disposición a pagar por parte de los consumidores y la valoración que se hace de las características particulares del inmueble, así como el estatus socioeconómico y las bondades del entorno geográfico-paisajístico en el que se ubica.The traditional systems of logic which have an impact on the value established for the urban soil have undergone change lately, due to the many dynamics taking place in intermediate cities. These cities' population growth and territorial expansion, as well as the changes in the way the real estate sector is conceived, the developers' proposals and the demand' perceptive components all make up an imperfect, heterogeneous market. Added to the traditional soil value theory are those theories related to the hedonistic aspects that grant symbolic value according to a complex psychosocial and economic structure. When fixing prices, consumers' payment disposition and the assessment of certain characteristics of the property, as well as the socio-economic status and the beauties of the geographical-scenic surroundings in which it is located are all combined.Departamento de Geografí

Inundaciones y anegamientos en el noreste de La Pampa: obra hidraúlica de mitigación

Frente a los diferentes problemas causados por las inundaciones en el 2017, en el Noreste de la provincia de La Pampa, y dado que en otoño de 1999 se registró una situación hídrica extrema, como consecuencia de precipitaciones extraordinarias y elevados excesos hídricos, el gobierno de la provincia de La Pampa propuso, para mitigar el efecto de este fenómeno natural, realizar una obra de ingeniería hidráulica. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las áreas inundadas y anegadas del NE de la provincia estableciendo comparaciones temporales de la situación de la obra de ingeniería hidráulica construida por el gobierno de La Pampa, para mitigar los efectos de las inundaciones utilizando imágenes satelitales de 1999 y 2017. Se pretende exponer una metodología simple para analizar y estudiar, en la actualidad, en qué situación (limitaciones de la obra, tierras efectivamente expropiadas para su realización, entre otras) se encuentra la obra de ingeniería hidráulica propuesta por el gobierno de La Pampa para mitigar esta problemática. Para lo cual se utilizaron diferentes herramientas de análisis: recopilación de material bibliográfico; imágenes satelitales del satélite Landsat 5 TM y Landsat 8 OLI para determinar las áreas inundadas del año 1999 y 2017; Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) para almacenar y analizar la información recolectada, así como para presentar los distintos resultados a través de la elaboración de mapas temáticos.Evento realizado junto con el VII Congreso Nacional de Geografía de Universidades PúblicasFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Gender stereotypes underlie child custody decisions

Using hypothetical divorce cases we examine the role of gender stereotypes in decisions about child custody. Good mothers received greater custody allocations than did good fathers across a tightly-matched pair of vignettes in three culturally-distinct samples: Argentina, Brazil and the United States (Study 1). Two follow-up studies indicated that the warmth dimension of stereotype content partly accounted for the asymmetry in custody awards: The proportion of maternal-primary custody was predicted by the tendency to ascribe warmth-related traits—such as friendliness, generosity or trustworthiness—to mothers (Study 2) and associate them to female over male nouns (Study 3). We also found that endorsing shared custody mitigated the asymmetry in custody awards documented in our studies. Together, these results highlight the interplay of stereotyped attitudes and egalitarian commitments in the context of judicial decisions about child custody.El material suplementario contiene los estudios citados en el resumen.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Fluorescent detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) through the formation of pyrene excimers enhances H2S quantification in biochemical systems

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced endogenously by several enzymatic pathways and modulates physiological functions in mammals. Quantification of H2S in biochemical systems remains challenging because of the presence of interferents with similar reactivity, particularly thiols. Herein, we present a new quantification method based on the formation of pyrene excimers in solution. We synthesized the probe 2-(maleimido)ethyl 4-pyrenylbutanoate (MEPB) and determined that MEPB reacted with H2S in a two-step reaction to yield the thioether-linked dimer (MEPB)2S, which formed excimers upon excitation, with a broad peak of fluorescence emission centered at 480 nm. In contrast, we found that the products formed with thiols showed peaks at 378 and 398 nm. The difference in emission between the products prevented the interference. Furthermore, we showed that the excimer fluorescence signal yielded a linear response to H2S, with a limit of detection of 54 nM in a fluorometer. Our quantification method with MEPB was successfully applied to follow the reaction of H2S with glutathione disulfide and to quantify the production of H2S from cysteine by Escherichia coli. In conclusion, this method represents an addition to the toolkit of biochemists to quantify H2S specifically and sensitively in biochemical systems.MEC: I/FVF2017/069ANII: FCE_1_2017_1_136043CSIC: I+D 2017; I+D 202

Burden of injury along the development spectrum : associations between the Socio-demographic Index and disability-adjusted life year estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background The epidemiological transition of non-communicable diseases replacing infectious diseases as the main contributors to disease burden has been well documented in global health literature. Less focus, however, has been given to the relationship between sociodemographic changes and injury. The aim of this study was to examine the association between disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injury for 195 countries and territories at different levels along the development spectrum between 1990 and 2017 based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates. Methods Injury mortality was estimated using the GBD mortality database, corrections for garbage coding and CODEm-the cause of death ensemble modelling tool. Morbidity estimation was based on surveys and inpatient and outpatient data sets for 30 cause-of-injury with 47 nature-of-injury categories each. The Socio-demographic Index (SDI) is a composite indicator that includes lagged income per capita, average educational attainment over age 15 years and total fertility rate. Results For many causes of injury, age-standardised DALY rates declined with increasing SDI, although road injury, interpersonal violence and self-harm did not follow this pattern. Particularly for self-harm opposing patterns were observed in regions with similar SDI levels. For road injuries, this effect was less pronounced. Conclusions The overall global pattern is that of declining injury burden with increasing SDI. However, not all injuries follow this pattern, which suggests multiple underlying mechanisms influencing injury DALYs. There is a need for a detailed understanding of these patterns to help to inform national and global efforts to address injury-related health outcomes across the development spectrum.Peer reviewe

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future

Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Background While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.Peer reviewe

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

As mortality rates decline, life expectancy increases, and populations age, non-fatal outcomes of diseases and injuries are becoming a larger component of the global burden of disease. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) provides a comprehensive assessment of prevalence, incidence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 328 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016

Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Correction:Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care.Peer reviewe