Photonic hydrogel sensors

Analyte-sensitive hydrogels that incorporate optical structures have emerged as sensing platforms for point-of-care diagnostics. The optical properties of the hydrogel sensors can be rationally designed and fabricated through self-assembly, microfabrication or laser writing. The advantages of photonic hydrogel sensors over conventional assay formats include label-free, quantitative, reusable, and continuous measurement capability that can be integrated with equipment-free text or image display. This Review explains the operation principles of photonic hydrogel sensors, presents syntheses of stimuli-responsive polymers, and provides an overview of qualitative and quantitative readout technologies. Applications in clinical samples are discussed, and potential future directions are identified

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk–outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01–4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0–116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3–48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1–45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60–3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8–54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36–1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5–41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6–28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8–25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9–42·8] and 33·3% [25·8–42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden

Protocole de communication coopératif inter véhicule dédié au transport intelligent

International audienceMANET marks the new age of the modern communication and it is a key technology to solve many applications such as telemedicine, environment monitoring, intelligent transport system (inter-vehicle communication) etc. In this paper a new MANET protocol dedicated to intelligent transport system: CIVIC (Communication Inter Véhicule Intelligente et Coopérative) is described. CIVIC is a context aware routing protocol taking into account the location of each mobile node, road traffic, geographic environment (road map) etc. Moreover, CIVIC is implemented to support infrastructure and ad-hoc network, hybrid MANET protocol, and multisupport wireless access mediums. In this paper, we introduce the different worldwide leading research projects dedicated to intervehicle communication, the key features of CIVIC, the implementation of CIVIC on LiveNode sensor and the application project MobiPlus

Une nouvelle approche pour l'administration des réseaux de capteurs sans fil : LiveNCM

International audienceThe Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), with their constant evolution, need more and more practical and effective WSN Management Tools (WMT) for large-scale deployment. Due to the resource constraints of wireless sensor node, it is impossible to implement the full classical SNMP standard in WSN applications. Therefore, it is important to develop new WMT providing a subset of functionalities of SNMP standard dedicated to WSN by taking into account the resource constraints of wireless sensor node. In this paper, we propose a new WMT named LiveNCM: LiveNode Non invasive Context-aware and modular Management. LiveNCM is based on a configurable modular architecture enables to fit to an application and to provide traditional administration functionalities similar to the SNMP ones. In addition, LiveNCM introduces the concept of noninvasive context-aware to diagnose the wireless sensor node state to reduce the network traffic then the energy consumption. This reduction is obtained by estimating some data with linear models like polygonal ones or interpreting data message exchanges. To validate the proposed concept, the LiveNode platform is used to implement and test energy consumption with LiveNCM protocol

LiveNCM : un nouvel outil d'administration sans fil

International audienceThe Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with their constant evolution, need new management methods to be monitored efficiently by taking into account their constraints such as energy consumption, reliability and remote monitoring. Note that WSN has diverse application domains: smart home, smart care, environmental data collection etc. In order to manage a large scale WSN, some Wireless sensor network Management Tools (WMTs) are developed. Some of them use SNMP protocol but it is impossible to implement the full classical SNMP standard on each node. Therefore, it is important to develop a new WMT with a restricted SNMP standard dedicated to WSN applications. In this paper, we present a new WMT named LiveNCM: LiveNode Non invasive Context-aware, and modular Management tool. LiveNCM is divided into two main parts: one is centralized on the fixed network structure and another one, distributed on each node. Each part introduces the concept of non-invasive context aware to reduce data exchanges and diagnoses the wireless sensor node state with few messages. Moreover, nodes are based on a configurable modular architecture enables to adapt to an application and to local node constraints. LiveNCM is implemented on the LiveNode platform to validate the energy consumption and on a UNIX system to validate the SNMP sub-agent used. Ultimately, a decreasing data exchange and an improvement in the energy consumption in the entire WSN were observed

Expérimentations sur la plateforme PAVIN du protocole de communication inter véhicule (CIVIC)

International audienceThis paper describes a cooperative MANET protocol dedicated to intelligent transportation systems and its new experiment results in mobile scenarios. The protocol is named CIVIC (Communication Inter Véhicule Intelligente et Coopérative). It is an auto-configuration inter-vehicle communication protocol, which supports ad-hoc and infrastructure networks, contains reactive and proactive routing components, and adapts different wireless standards. It is also a location-based and context-aware protocol reacting to vehicle status, road traffic, and geographic environment. The CIVIC protocol has been implemented on the LiveNode sensor developed by our laboratory. The new experiments of CIVIC protocol are carried out on PAVIN platform (Plate-forme d'Auvergne pour Véhicules Intelligents) supported by the TIMS (Technologies de l'Information de la Mobilité et de la Sûreté) research federation. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of CIVIC in mobility scenarios. In addition, an application project named MobiPlus will be introduced

Novel endosomal NOX2 oxidase inhibitor ameliorates pandemic influenza A virus-induced lung inflammation in mice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Influenza A viruses (IAV) cause respiratory tract infections that can be fatal when the virus spreads to the alveolar space (i.e. alveolitis), and this is mainly observed with highly pathogenic strains. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by the NOX2 NADPH oxidase in endosomes has been directly implicated in IAV pathology. Recently, we demonstrated that treatment with a novel endosome-targeted NOX2 oxidase inhibitor, cholestanol-conjugated gp91dsTAT (Cgp91ds-TAT), attenuated airway inflammation and viral replication to infection with a low pathogenic influenza A viral strain. Here, we determined whether suppression of endosome NOX2 oxidase prevents the lung inflammation following infection with a highly pathogenic IAV strain. METHODS:C57Bl/6 mice were intranasally treated with either DMSO vehicle (2%) or Cgp91ds-TAT (0.2 mg/kg/day) 1 day prior to infection with the high pathogenicity PR8 IAV strain (500 PFU/mouse). At Day 3 post-infection, mice were culled for the evaluation of airway and lung inflammation, viral titres and ROS generation. RESULTS:PR8 infection resulted in a marked degree of airway inflammation, epithelial denudation, alveolitis and inflammatory cell ROS production. Cgp91ds-TAT treatment significantly attenuated airway inflammation, including neutrophil influx, the degree of alveolitis and inflammatory cell ROS generation. Importantly, the anti-inflammatory phenotype affected by Cgp91ds-TAT significantly enhanced the clearance of lung viral mRNA following PR8 infection. CONCLUSION:Endosomal NOX2 oxidase promotes pathogenic lung inflammation to IAV infection. The localized delivery of endosomal NOX2 oxidase inhibitors is a novel therapeutic strategy against IAV, which has the potential to limit the pathogenesis caused during epidemics and pandemics.Eunice E. To, Raymond Luong, Jiayin Diao, John J. O’ Leary, Doug A. Brooks, Ross Vlahos, Stavros Selemidi

Application d'une version modifiée de RPL aux architectures de communication de type VANET

International audienceThis paper focuses on the routing protocol for driving safety that vehicle collects state message from roadside sensors in VANET-WSN. Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), a tree-based routing protocol, adapts naturally to our routing requirement. But RPL is designed for static wireless sensor network, so we need to modify RPL to fit in with high dynamic topology of VANET-WSN. For the first time, we utilize Geographical Information (GI) as the metric for RPL (GI-RPL), which lets RPL in a timely fashion. We also propose some strategies for tuning RPL in VANET-WSN. To demonstrate the performance of GI-RPL, we set up a simulation by using Cooja and compare with another modified RPL. The result of simulation shows that GI-RPL has high Package Delivery Ratio (PDR), reasonable overhead and low delay

Use of Resuscitation-Promoting Factor Proteins Improves the Sensitivity of Culture-based Tuberculosis Testing in Special Samples

Immunogenetics and cellular immunology of bacterial infectious disease