The Brain Invaders: Widespread Neuronal Dispersion in Developing and Adult Mammalian Brain

Cell migration is the principal determinant of the final brain cytoarchitecture. However, we have only limited knowledge about the migratory pathways and mechanisms utilized during brain development. In m y thesis I present new and unexpected findings about neuronal migration in the developing forebrain. I analyzed and characterized a novel type of neuronal migration, so called tangential chain migration that was first identified in the subventricular zone (SVZ) in the adult mouse brain. I developed an in vitro migration assay using Matrigel as a substrate, which allowed me to analyze dynamics and mechanism of S V Z cell translocation. I demonstrated that neurons migrating in chains move rapidly along each other in the absence of glia, implying that chain migration is different from previously described radial migration. Using the in vitro assay I discovered two regions in the embryonic mouse ventral forebrain containing large numbers of tangentially migrating neurons. I studied migratory potential of these embryonic cells after transplantation into the adult brain. I showed that cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) demonstrate a novel migratory behavior. M G E cells disperse through the adult brain tissue and differentiate into GABAergic neurons. I showed that M G E cells could disperse even in experimentally lesioned adult brain. Thus, the unique migratory behavior of M G E cells might open new clinical approaches to the repair of damaged brain. Finally, I show that widespread migration of M G E cells reflects their normal behavior in the developing brain. I analyzed migratory potential of M G E cells in vitro and by ultrasound guided transplantation in vivo. These experiments revealed large-scale directional migration of M G E cells into the developing neocortex in embryonic mouse brain. I propose that a ventro-dorsal permissive gradient detected in the developing forebrain might be the principal mechanism guiding M G E cell migration dorsally. In summary, I revealed a population of embryonic neuronal precursors with unprecedented capacity to migrate long distances both in the developing and adult mammalian brain

Vapour–Liquid Equilibria in the Polystyrene + Toluene System at Higher Concentrations of Solvent

Vapour–liquid equilibria (VLE) were determined in the polystyrene + toluene system under isothermal conditions at 363.15, 373.15, and 383.15 K using an improved all-glass microebulliometer with circulation of the liquid phase for the dynamic measurement of total pressure over liquid mixtures. The experimental data were correlated using the UNIQUAC-free volume model and the applicability of three known predictive models was tested. It was found that prediction of VLE using the GC-Flory equation of state, the UNIFAC-vdw-FV and the Entropic-FV model are of the same quality

Vapour–Liquid Equilibria in the Poly(methyl methacrylate) + 2-Butanone System Containing Lower Concentrations of Solute at Normal or Reduced Pressures

Vapour–liquid equilibria (VLE) were determined in the poly(methyl methacrylate) + 2-butanone system under isothermal conditions at 333.15, 343.15, and 353.15 K using an improved all-glass micro-ebulliometer with circulation of the liquid phase for the dynamic measurement of total pressure over liquid mixtures. The experimental data were correlated using the UNIQUAC-FV model and the applicability of three known predictive models was tested. It was found that only the UNIFAC-vdw-FV model gives excellent prediction of VLE for the studied system

Study of hepatoprotective potential of NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase modulators in experimental models of hepatocyte damage

Katedra biochemieDepartment of BiochemistryPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

The Subventricular Zone En-face: Wholemount Staining and Ependymal Flow

The walls of the lateral ventricles contain the largest germinal region in the adult mammalian brain. The subventricular zone (SVZ) in these walls is an extensively studied model system for understanding the behavior of neural stem cells and the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Traditionally, these studies have relied on classical sectioning techniques for histological analysis. Here we present an alternative approach, the wholemount technique, which provides a comprehensive, en-face view of this germinal region. Compared to sections, wholemounts preserve the complete cytoarchitecture and cellular relationships within the SVZ. This approach has recently revealed that the adult neural stem cells, or type B1 cells, are part of a mixed neuroepithelium with differentiated ependymal cells lining the lateral ventricles. In addition, this approach has been used to study the planar polarization of ependymal cells and the cerebrospinal fluid flow they generate in the ventricle. With recent evidence that adult neural stem cells are a heterogeneous population that is regionally specified, the wholemount approach will likely be an essential tool for understanding the organization and parcellation of this stem cell niche