El rol de la eficacia colectiva en el desempeño y bienestar de los trabajadores. Un estudio de caso en el sector de hostelería

Catorzenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació de la FCHS (Any 2008-2009)The objective the work of the same one is to analyze the relation between collective effectiveness and the psycho-social well-being of the employees and its performance. Following the Heuristic Model of Healthful Organization and from the Social Theory Cognitiva de Bandura (1997, 1999, 2001), test the hypothesis of the positive effect of the collective effectiveness will be put on engagement of the employees and their performance (intra and extra-roll) in a company of services of the tourist sector of the province of Castellón. The sample is formed by a total of 25 workers (42 %hombre and 58% women) grouped in areas on watch (42%) and restoration (26%). Los results they show that it exists a positive relation between the collective effectiveness and the performance (intra and extra-roll) and a positive relation between collective effectiveness and engagement.El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la relación entre eficacia colectiva y bienestar psicosocial de los empleados y su desempeño. Siguiendo el Modelo Heurístico de Organización Saludable y desde la Teoría Social Cognitiva de Bandura (1997, 1999, 2001), se pondrá a prueba la hipótesis del efecto positivo de la eficacia colectiva sobre el engagement de los empleados y su desempeño (intra y extrarol) en una empresa del sector de hostelería de la provincia de Castellón. La muestra está formada por un total de 25 trabajadores (42%hombre y 58% mujeres) agrupados en áreas de servicio (42%) y restauración (26%).Los resultados muestran que existe una relación positiva entre la eficacia colectiva y el desempeño (intra y extra-rol) y una relación positiva entre eficacia colectiva y engagement

Percepciones compartidas: cuando 1 y 2 son más que 3

Setzenes Jornades de Foment de la Investigació (Any 2011)Los líderes juegan un papel fundamental dentro de las organizaciones, dado que, son elementos críticos dentro del contexto laboral, y pueden influir en cómo las personas ven su trabajo (Christian, Garza y Slaughter, 2011), de ahí la importancia de estudiar los efectos de las percepciones del supervisor y lo percibido por los equipos de trabajo. Específicamente, en las dimensiones del liderazgo transformacional, que se define por la combinación de cinco dimensiones: visión, comunicación inspiracional, estimulación intelectual, apoyo y reconocimiento (Rafferty y Griffin, 2004). Este estudio se centra en el ajuste o desajuste en relación a lo percibido por el supervisor y de equipos de trabajo. Todo ello en el contexto del Modelo HERO (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations; Salanova, 2008, 2009; Salanova, Llorens, Cifre y Martínez, 2011).La muestra está compuesta por 496 empleados que componen 49 equipos de trabajo de 12 Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas españolas (PyMEs). Los Coeficientes de Correlación Intraclase (CCI1 y CCI2) permiten la agregación de los datos al nivel de equipos de trabajo. El Análisis ANOVA, apoya parcialmente la hipótesis planteada, esto es, que la dimensión de comunicación se relaciona significativamente con las percepciones del supervisor y miembros de equipos de trabajo. Sin embargo, otras dimensiones, como por ejemplo, visión no se relaciona significativamente con las percepciones del los supervisor y equipos de trabajo (p = .430). Finalmente, se discuten los resultados teóricos y las implicaciones prácticas del estudio.Leaders play a key in organizations, since their role in the work context can influence how employees perceive their works (Christian, Heron and Slaughter, 2011), hence it is important to study the effects of supervisors’ and team work perceptions on transformational leadership dimensions. Transformational leadership is defined by the combination of five dimensions: vision, inspirational communication, intellectual stimulation, support and recognition (Rafferty and Griffin, 2004). The aim of this study is to analyze the perception fit between supervisors and work teams regarding the dimensions of transformational leadership. This study is based on the Healthy and Resilience Organization Model (HERO Model, Salanova, 2008, 2009; Salanova, Llorens, & Martinez, 2011). The sample consists of 496 employees, nested in 49 teams, and 49 supervisors of 12 Spanish Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (CCI1 and CCI2), allowed the aggregation of data at the team. The ANOVA analysis partially supports the hypothesis, that is, communication dimension is significantly related to perceptions of supervisors and work teams. However, other dimensions, such as vision, are not significantly related to the perceptions of supervisors and work teams (p = .43). Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the study

¡Nuestro jefe es un buen jefe! Los efectos transnivel del liderazgo transformacional sobre el engagement en el trabajo en puesto de servicio

In service work, emotional demands are important due to their effects on social interactions with customers, patients, pupils, etc. The purpose of this study is to examine how emotional demands and leadership are related to engagement of the team members. The sample consists of 1,079 employees nested in 124 work teams from four Spanish public organizations. Multilevel analyses showed: 1) a positive effect of emotional demands on work engagement, 2) a crosslevel effect of leadership on work engagement, and 3) a cross-level moderation effect of leadership on the relationship between emotional demands and work engagement. Results suggest that shared perceptions of leadership by teams affect their work engagement levels directly and through an interaction effect on the emotional demands-engagement relationship. When employees feel emotionally overloaded, their leaders can relieve this negative impact on their levels of work engagement. Practical and theoretical implications are presented.En el trabajo de servicio, las demandas emocionales son importantes debido a sus efectos sobre las interacciones sociales con clientes, pacientes, alumnos, etc. El propósito de este estudio es examinar cómo se relacionan las demandas emocionales y el liderazgo con el engagement en el trabajo de los miembros del equipo. La muestra consiste en 1,079 empleados anidados en 124 equipos de trabajo de cuatro organizaciones públicas españolas. Los análisis multinivel mostraron: 1) un efecto positivo de las demandas emocionales sobre el engagement en el trabajo, 2) un efecto, a través de los niveles, del liderazgo sobre el engagement en el trabajo y 3) un efecto de moderación, a través de los niveles, del liderazgo sobre la relación entre las demandas emocionales y el engagement en el trabajo. Los resultados sugieren que las percepciones compartidas sobre el liderazgo que tiene el equipo afectan a sus niveles de engagement en el trabajo directamente y a través de un efecto de interacción sobre la relación demandas emocionales-engagement. Cuando los empleados se sienten emocionalmente sobrecargados, sus líderes pueden aliviar este impacto negativo en sus niveles de engagement en el trabajo. Se presentan implicaciones teóricas y prácticas

Organizaciones saludables: analizando su significado desde el Modelo HERO

The aim of this study is to analyse the meaning of healthy organization from an empirical-theoretical perspective based on the HERO Model (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations). Analyses were performed by four independent judges on 14 interviews carried out with 14 CEOs or human resources managers in 14 Spanish organizations using content analysis. Qualitative results show: (1) a partial overlap in the categories proposed by the theoretical model (based on the concordance index, Cohen’s Kappa and ICC); and (2) that the empirical definition mainly focuses on employees’ psychosocial health as a key element of the meaning of healthy organization. Finally, categorical matrixes provide evidence of subcategories emanating from the key elements that comprise a healthy organization. Results as well as theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on the HERO Model.El objetivo del estudio es analizar el significado del concepto de Organización Saludable desde una aproximación empírica-teórica basándonos en el Modelo HERO (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations). Cuatro jueces independientes analizaron 14 entrevistas llevadas a cabo a 14 agentes clave (gerentes o responsables de recursos humanos) de 14 organizaciones españolas mediante análisis de contenido. Los resultados cualitativos mostraron: (1) una coincidencia ‘parcial’ en las categorías propuestas por la definición teórica de organización saludable (Índice de Concordancia, Kappa de Cohen, CCI); y (2) que la ‘salud psicosocial’ de los trabajadores resultó ser el elemento clave que definía una organización saludable. Finalmente, un árbol categorial evidencia subcategorías que emanan de los elementos clave que componen una organización saludable. Se discuten los resultados, así como las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas del estudio de acuerdo con el Modelo HERO.This study was performed thanks to funding from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (#PSI2011-22400). We would like to thank Eva Cifre, PhD, for her contributions to earlier versions of this manuscript and the WoNT- Prevenció Psicosocial research team for their collaborative work. / Esta investigación se ha llevado a cabo gracias a una subvención del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (#PSI2011-22400). Quisiéramos agradecer a la Dra. Eva Cifre por sus aportaciones a las primeras versiones de este manuscrito y también al trabajo colaborativo y de excelencia del Equipo WoNT- Prevenció Psicosocial

BAFF system expression in double negative 2, activated naïve and activated memory B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus

IntroductionB cell activating factor (BAFF) has an important role in normal B cell development. The aberrant expression of BAFF is related with the autoimmune diseases development like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) for promoting self-reactive B cells survival. BAFF functions are exerted through its receptors BAFF-R (BR3), transmembrane activator calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) that are reported to have differential expression on B cells in SLE. Recently, atypical B cells that express CD11c have been associated with SLE because they are prone to develop into antibody-secreting cells, however the relationship with BAFF remains unclear. This study aims to analyze the BAFF system expression on CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subsets double negative 2 (DN2), activated naïve (aNAV), switched memory (SWM) and unswitched memory (USM) B cells.MethodsForty-five SLE patients and 15 healthy subjects (HS) were included. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of the receptors in the B cell subpopulations. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the soluble levels of BAFF (sBAFF) and IL-21.ResultsWe found increased frequency of CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subpopulations DN2, aNAV, SWM and USM B cells in SLE patients compared to HS. SLE patients had increased expression of membrane BAFF (mBAFF) and BCMA receptor in classic B cell subsets (DN, NAV, SWM and USM). Also, the CXCR5+ CD11c- DN1, resting naïve (rNAV), SWM and USM B cell subsets showed higher mBAFF expression in SLE. CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subpopulations DN2, SWM and USM B cells showed strong correlations with the expression of BAFF receptors. The atypical B cells DN2 in SLE showed significant decreased expression of TACI, which correlated with higher IL-21 levels. Also, lower expression of TACI in atypical B cell DN2 was associated with high disease activity.DiscussionThese results suggest a participation of the BAFF system in CXCR5- CD11c+ atypical B cell subsets in SLE patients. Decreased TACI expression on atypical B cells DN2 correlated with high disease activity in SLE patients supporting the immunoregulatory role of TACI in autoimmunity

Can scenario-planning support community-based natural resource management? Experiences from three countries in latin america

Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is a concept critical to managing socio-ecological systems, but whose implementation needs strengthening. Scenario-planning is one approach that may offer benefits relevant to CBNRM, but whose potential is not yet well understood. We therefore designed, trialled and evaluated a scenario-planning method intended to support CBNRM at three cases, located in Colombia, Mexico and Argentina. Implementing scenario-planning was judged as worthwhile in all three cases, although aspects of it could be challenging to facilitate. The benefits generated were relevant to strengthening CBNRM: encouraging the participation of local people and using their knowledge; enhanced consideration and adaption of future change; and supporting the development of systems thinking. Tracing exactly when and how these benefits arise is challenging, but two elements of the method seemed particularly useful. Firstly, using a systematic approach to discuss how drivers of change may affect local socio-ecological systems helped to foster systems thinking and identify connections between issues. Secondly, explicitly focusing on how to use and respond to scenarios helped identify specific practical activities ('response options') that would support CBNRM despite the pressures of future change. Discussions about response options also highlighted the need for support by other actors (e.g. policy groups): this raises the question of when and how other actors and other sources of knowledge should be involved in scenario-planning, so as to encourage their buy-in to actions identified by the process. We suggest other CBNRM initiatives may benefit from adapting and applying scenario-planning. However, these initiatives should be carefully monitored since further research is required to understand how and when scenario-planning methods may produce benefits, and their strengths and weaknesses versus other methods

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background A growing body of research identifies the harmful effects that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs; occurring during childhood or adolescence; eg, child maltreatment or exposure to domestic violence) have on health throughout life. Studies have quantified such effects for individual ACEs. However, ACEs frequently co-occur and no synthesis of findings from studies measuring the effect of multiple ACE types has been done. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched five electronic databases for cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies published up to May 6, 2016, reporting risks of health outcomes, consisting of substance use, sexual health, mental health, weight and physical exercise, violence, and physical health status and conditions, associated with multiple ACEs. We selected articles that presented risk estimates for individuals with at least four ACEs compared with those with none for outcomes with sufficient data for meta-analysis (at least four populations). Included studies also focused on adults aged at least 18 years with a sample size of at least 100. We excluded studies based on high-risk or clinical populations. We extracted data from published reports. We calculated pooled odds ratios (ORs) using a random-effects model. Findings Of 11 621 references identified by the search, 37 included studies provided risk estimates for 23 outcomes, with a total of 253 719 participants. Individuals with at least four ACEs were at increased risk of all health outcomes compared with individuals with no ACEs. Associations were weak or modest for physical inactivity, overweight or obesity, and diabetes (ORs of less than two); moderate for smoking, heavy alcohol use, poor self-rated health, cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disease (ORs of two to three), strong for sexual risk taking, mental ill health, and problematic alcohol use (ORs of more than three to six), and strongest for problematic drug use and interpersonal and self-directed violence (ORs of more than seven). We identified considerable heterogeneity (I 2 of > 75%) between estimates for almost half of the outcomes. Interpretation To have multiple ACEs is a major risk factor for many health conditions. The outcomes most strongly associated with multiple ACEs represent ACE risks for the next generation (eg, violence, mental illness, and substance use). To sustain improvements in public health requires a shift in focus to include prevention of ACEs, resilience building, and ACE-informed service provision. The Sustainable Development Goals provide a global platform to reduce ACEs and their life-course effect on health. Funding Public Health Wales. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licens

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity