The Justice in Frame: Photographic Narration of Citizenship in the Chicano Movement, 1968-1971

This paper observes four photographs in print that depict moments during the Chicano movement from 1968-1971. Each chosen image is analyzed based on its content and composition in relation to its argument for Citizenship. The framework of the analysis looks at the argument between national and global citizenship and the narratives of citizenship in the movement as communicated through the image. The Chicano movement was heavily photographed and images of marches, picketers, and portraits are abundant. The analysis of images is important because of their lasting cultural impact that they have on the general public, extending beyond the center of the movement itself. Additionally, images play a significant and memorable role in public opinion. My analysis concludes that the form of citizenship conveyed by the Chicano Movement is transcendent of national political borders. I argue that the movement photographs argue that one should not have to abandon their Mexican identity in order to be fully respected as an American citizen

The Fight Against Femicide: An Analysis of Globalization Through Instagram in #NiUnaMás and #NiUnaMenos

The #NiUnaMenos movement arose in Argentina in 2013 in response to femicides throughout Latin America. The slogan #NiUnaMas began in the 2000s to fight against femicides in Mexico and the Northern Central American triangle. There have been various studies that have analyzed the role of social media, specifically Facebook and Twitter, in the spread of both movements which aim to fight against femicide. This study intends to investigate how the movement reflects the trends of globalization on Instagram. By using a qualitative critical analysis of Instagram posts under the #NiUnaMás and #NiUnaMenos hashtags, the study analyzes the various types of globalization that each post highlights and discusses

Territorios de paz: otras territorialidades en la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó, Colombia

Los académicos re-teorizan cada vez más sobre lo que es el territorio, trascendiendo el concepto de Estado-nación, debido a las exigencias de los grupos indígenas y afrodescendientes porque se les conceda un ‘territorio’, al verse confrontados con el acaparamiento de tierras en América Latina. Sin embargo, las territorialidades alternativas no se limitan a estos grupos étnicos. Partiendo de una investigación etnográfica de 16 meses, entre 2011 y 2016, exploro la territorialidad relacional generada por la Comunidad de Paz campesina en San José de Apartadó, Colombia. Partiendo del seguimiento al sujeto políticocolectivo producido por la activa generación de paz de la Comunidad de Paz mediante un conjunto de prácticas de espacios, lugares y valores, incluyendo conmemoraciones de masacres, iniciativas de soberanía alimentaria y redes de solidaridad entre indígenas y campesinos, este artículo presenta un marco conceptual para analizar diversas formaciones territoriales

Comunidade de paz: uma paz ‘outra’ em San José de Apartadó, Colombia

Este artículo de investigación problematiza el concepto de paz a partir de su concepción y práctica en la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó, Colombia. Se basa en 16 meses de investigación etnográfica en Colombia entre 2011 y 2016, incluyendo 49 entrevistas con miembros de la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó y otras organizaciones. Al definir y crear la paz, como al negarse a colaborar con los grupos armados y la construcción de comunidad a través del trabajo colectivo esta experiencia campesina encarna una perspectiva activa y empoderada de la paz en lugar de de­pender de lo que deberían hacer el Estado y los grupos armados. En conversación con los nuevos subcampos de estudios de paz en geografía, y las investigaciones sobre Trans-rational peace, se aboga por una conceptualización de paz como la construcción de vida digna en las redes de solidaridad de las comunidades en resistencia que contrarresta las violencias interseccionales de la crisis ecológica de la modernidad.This article problematizes the concept of peace by exploring the conception and practice of peace in the peasant Peace Community of San José de Apartadó, Colombia. This scientific research article is base don 16 months of ethnographic research in Colombia from 2011 to 2016, including 49 interviews with members of the San José de Apartadó Peace Community and other organizations. Given their definition and creation of peace as the refusal to collaborate with the armed groups and as the construction of community through community work, this experience embodies an active and empowered perspective on peace, rather tan depending upon what states or armed actors should do. In conversation with new subfields of peace studies in geography and transrational peace research, the article calls for a conceptualization of peace as the construction of dignified life through the solidarity networks of communities in resistance, which counter the intersectional violences of the ecological crisis of modernity.Este artigo problematiza o conceito de paz a partir de sua concepção e prática na Comunidade de Paz de San José de Apar­tadó, Colômbia. Este artigo de investigação científica baseia-se em 16 meses de investigação etnográfica em Colômbia entre 2011 e 2016, incluindo 49 entrevistas com membros da Comunidade de Paz de San José de Apartadó e outras organizações. Ao definir e criar a paz, como ao se negar a colaborar com os grupos armados e a construção de comunidade através do trabalho coletivo esta experiência camponesa encarna uma perspectiva ativa e empoderada da paz em lugar de depender do que deveriam fazer o Estado e os grupos armados. Em conversa com os novos subcampos de estudos de paz em geografia, e as investigações sobre Trans-rational peace, se defende por uma conceitualização de paz como a construção de vida digna nas redes de solidariedade das comunidades em resistência que neutraliza as violências inter seccionais da crise ecológica da modernidade

Desindigenizados pero no vencidos: raza y resistencia en la Comunidad de Paz y la Universidad Campesina en Colombia

Integrating scholarship on race as a global structure and Latin American racial formations, I offer an account of racialization in Colombia. This article analyzes the racial dynamics of resistance to extractivism in Colombia’s Universidad Campesina, uniting Indigenous and campesino groups like the Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó. While the dominant race lexicon separates ‘campesinos’ from ‘Indigenous’ and ‘Black’ groups, I argue that the identifier campesino mestizo hides how San José’s farmers were ‘de-indigenized’ yet remain racialized. If racialization works to dominate but also divide the subaltern, then Universidad Campesina participants’ cross-ethnic solidarity network both unveils and counters racism.Integrando teorías sobre la raza como una estructura global y las clasificaciones raciales latinoamericanas, se ofrece una descripción de la racialización en Colombia. Este artículo analiza las dinámicas raciales de la resistencia al extractivismo por parte de la Universidad Campesina de Colombia, que une grupos indígenas y campesinos, como la Comunidad de Paz de San José de Apartadó. Mientras que el léxico de la raza dominante separa a los campesinos de los grupos indígenas y negros, sostengo que el identificador campesino mestizo oculta cómo los campesinos de San José fueron desindigenizados pero siguen siendo racializados. Si la racialización funciona para dominar y dividir al subalterno, la red de solidaridad interétnica de la Universidad Campesina revela y contrarresta el racismo

"Memory is the strength of our resistance": A Critical Performance Geography of Peace, Memory, Territory, and Politics in the San José Peace Community, Colombia

This dissertation traces the Peace Community of San José de Apartadó, located in the war-torn Urabá region, Colombia. Since 1997, this group of small-scale farmers has resisted forced displacement, the assassination of 15% of their population, and co- optation by paramilitary, state, and guerrilla forces. In contrast to passive notions of ‘tranquility’ or ‘no war,’ Peace Community members define peace actively as a) refusing to collaborate with any armed group and b) building community. Peace is often associated with state diplomacy and military operations, as in the current negotiations between the Colombian government and FARC guerrillas. Yet the Peace Community demonstrates that peace is an embodied, material, and spatial process that can be produced by non-state actors through everyday ethical practices that cultivate dignified living conditions. To resist the racist-capitalist violence of today’s global land grab, the Peace Community cultivates cash and food crops in work groups on common land, makes decisions in village meetings and general assemblies, and participates in human rights and seed-sharing networks. In so doing, the Peace Community produces an alter- territory: a moving set of spatial practices, places, and values that produce a particular political subject. Furthermore, their memory practices are central to their creation of a communal Peace Community subject. By commemorating assassinated farmers with pilgrimages to massacre sites and stones painted with victims’ names, they nurture internal cohesion, build solidarity with allies, and re-affirm an ethic that rejects retaliatory killing. I call this radical trans-relational peace: dignity and solidarity created through trans-community networks. This dissertation draws from my prior work in San José de Apartadó as a protective accompanier from 2008-2010 as well as 49 interviews conducted during 16 months of fieldwork in Colombia between 2011-2016. Methodologically, this project combines a) structural analysis rooted in feminist geopolitics, critical race theory, and world-systems analysis with b) critical and performance ethnography’s political reflexivity, co-performative witness in the field, and staged performances of ethnographic data. I call this critical and performance geography, a creative, embodied, and ethically-grounded methodology that integrates critical theory and political action research to advance the emergent “pro-peace agenda” in contemporary critical human geography.Doctor of Philosoph

¿Abandonar la revolución o tejer la paz? Migración sur-sur, socialismo y geopolítica decolonial feminista en Suramérica

El presente artículo presenta una geopolítica feminista de la migración venezolana a Colombia sobre venezolanas y venezolanos que, huyendo de la Revolución Bolivariana, se enfrentan a la discriminación y la violencia al buscar establecerse en la Colombia capitalista, sumida en el contexto de un proceso de paz fallido hasta ahora. Los conflictos de migración y nacionalidad permean nuestro orden global de Estados nación soberanos, tanto en las migraciones Norte-Sur como en el sur global, mientras que la feminización y la racialización de los migrantes dividen a las clases subalternas y facilitan la explotación capitalista. Sin embargo, este artículo busca dilucidar las solidaridades internacionales y las luchas por la paz en las organizaciones comunitarias de los migrantes. Iniciativas sociales en la frontera colombo-venezolana —la organización Tejedores de Paz y la Fundación Horizonte de Juventud— unen a inmigrantes de Venezuela con poblaciones colombianas desplazadas internamente o empobrecidas para generar territorios de resistencia contra la xenofobia, el patriarcado y la pobreza. Al demostrar la utilidad de la metodología de la geopolítica decolonial feminista, sigo la reconfiguración del espíritu de la revolución sociopolítica en Suramérica a través de la naciente forma de socialismo feminista no estatal

A food safety control low mass-range proteomics platform for the detection of illicit treatments in veal calves by MALDI-TOF-MS serum profiling

International audiencePerformance enhancing agents (PEAs) are illegally used in cattle and other meat producing species to increase food conversion and lean meat production. Due to the very short breeding cycle, veal calves represent the meat producing bovine category mostly subjected to illicit treatments. These chemical agents are difficult to detect by conventional analytical approaches due to the employment of synergistic formulations at very low dosage and given the use of uncharacterised novel compounds. Such a scenario has fostered a strong interest in the discovery of functional molecular biomarkers for the detection of growth promoting agents in meat producing species. A multivariate MALDI-TOF-MS proteomics platform has been developed using bovine serum samples. Analytical performances have been thoroughly evaluated in order to enable reproducible profiles from 10 μl sera samples. We propose univariate and multivariate discrimination models capable to identify calves undergoing illicit treatments. In particular, we found a strong discrimination power associated with a polypeptide fragment from β2-glycoprotein-I. We provide a fundamental proof of concept in the potential application of MALDI-TOF-MS proteomics profiling in the food safety control

EFSA BIOHAZ Panel (EFSA Panel on Biologicial Hazards), 2013. Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (solipeds)

A risk ranking process identified Trichinella spp. as the most relevant biological hazard in the context of meat inspection of domestic solipeds. Without a full and reliable soliped traceability system, it is considered that either testing all slaughtered solipeds for Trichinella spp., or inactivation meat treatments (heat or irradiation) should be used to maintain the current level of safety. With regard to general aspects of current meat inspection practices, the use of manual techniques during current post-mortem soliped meat inspection may increase microbial cross-contamination, and is considered to have a detrimental effect on the microbiological status of soliped carcass meat. Therefore, the use of visual-only inspection is suggested for “non-suspect” solipeds. For chemical hazards, phenylbutazone and cadmium were ranked as being of high potential concern. Monitoring programmes for chemical hazards should be more flexible and based on the risk of occurrence, taking into account Food Chain Information (FCI), covering the specific on-farm environmental conditions and individual animal treatments, and the ranking of chemical substances, which should be regularly updated and include new hazards. Sampling, testing and intervention protocols for chemical hazards should be better integrated and should focus particularly on cadmium, phenylbutazone and priority “essential substances” approved for treatment of equine animals. Implementation and enforcement of a more robust and reliable identification system throughout the European Union is needed to improve traceability of domestic solipeds. Meat inspection is recognised as a valuable tool for surveillance and monitoring of animal health and welfare conditions. If visual only post-mortem inspection is implemented for routine slaughter, a reduction in the detection of strangles and mild cases of rhodococcosis would occur. However, this was considered unlikely to affect the overall surveillance of both diseases. Improvement of FCI and traceability were considered as not having a negative effect on animal health and welfare surveillance