X-ray analysis of fatigue damage in copper

X-ray analysis of copper deformed in fatigue for average coherently diffracting domain size and root mean square strain distributio

Deriving chemosensitivity from cell lines: Forensic bioinformatics and reproducible research in high-throughput biology

High-throughput biological assays such as microarrays let us ask very detailed questions about how diseases operate, and promise to let us personalize therapy. Data processing, however, is often not described well enough to allow for exact reproduction of the results, leading to exercises in "forensic bioinformatics" where aspects of raw data and reported results are used to infer what methods must have been employed. Unfortunately, poor documentation can shift from an inconvenience to an active danger when it obscures not just methods but errors. In this report we examine several related papers purporting to use microarray-based signatures of drug sensitivity derived from cell lines to predict patient response. Patients in clinical trials are currently being allocated to treatment arms on the basis of these results. However, we show in five case studies that the results incorporate several simple errors that may be putting patients at risk. One theme that emerges is that the most common errors are simple (e.g., row or column offsets); conversely, it is our experience that the most simple errors are common. We then discuss steps we are taking to avoid such errors in our own investigations.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS291 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Radiative interactions of electrons with matter Final report

Electron interaction with matter and differential cross section measurements for bremsstrahlung produced in coincidence with inelastically scattered electron

Investigations of electron interactions with matter. Part 1 - Bremsstrahlung production in aluminum and iron. Part 2 - Electron scattering in aluminum

Bremsstrahlung production in aluminum and iron - electron scattering in aluminu

Failure Analysis of High Strength Galvanized Bolts Used in Steel Towers

This paper analyses the failure of three bolts used in the structural connections of a number of steel towers located in northern Europe. The analysis comprises optical and scanning electron microscopy, microstructural and hardness analysis, mechanical testing and structural integrity assessments. The three bolts present very similar failure processes, with a circumferential external crack that led to the final failure. The morphology of the crack propagation is typical of Hydrogen-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking (HISCC), with mixed intergranular-transgranular micromechanisms, tearing processes and secondary cracking. The cracks then grew subcritically until they reached their critical size. Quench cracking or fatigue processes have been ruled out

Transcriptome analysis of response to drought in poplar interspecific hybrids.

To investigate the response of poplar hybrids to drought, leaves were collected from plants to which water was suspended for 8 and 13 days. After measuring the respective relative water content, RNAs were isolated from leaves of moderately and severely droughted plants and from control plants, and Illumina RNA sequencing was performed to analyze RNA synthesis in these tissues. Our data provide a resource (available at Gene Expression Omnibus database under GSE64044) to be employed for comparative analyses of drought response in different poplar species, with the long-term aim of developing strategies to improve plant productivity under drought

Protein and phosphoprotein levels in glioma and adenocarcinoma cell lines grown in normoxia and hypoxia in monolayer and three-dimensional cultures

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Three dimensional (3D) growths of cancer cells in vitro are more reflective of in situ cancer cell growth than growth in monolayer (2D). The present study is designed to determine changes in protein and phosphoprotein that reflect adaptation of tumor cells to 3D as compared to 2D. Since relative hypoxia is a common feature of most solid tumors, the present study also aims to look at the impact of transition from normoxia to hypoxia in these two growth conditions.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using reverse-phase protein arrays, we compared levels of 121 different phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated proteins in 5 glioma and 6 adenocarcinoma lines under conditions of 3D and monolayer culture in normoxia and hypoxia. A three-way analysis of variance showed levels of 82 antibodies differed between media (2D vs. 3D) and 49 differed between treatments (hypoxia vs. normoxia). Comparing 2D to 3D growth, 7 proteins were commonly (i.e., > 50% of tumors) elevated in 3D: FAK, AKT, Src, GSK3αβ, TSC2, p38, and NFκβp65. Conversely, 7 other proteins are commonly decreased: ATRIP, ATR, β-catenin, BCL-X, cyclin B1, Egr-1, and HIF-1α. Comparing normoxia to hypoxia, only NCKIPSD was commonly elevated in hypoxia; 6 proteins were decreased: cyclin B1, 4EBP1(Ser65), c-Myc, SMAD3(Ser423), S6(Ser235), and S6(Ser240). Hypoxia affected glioma cell lines differently from adenocarcinoma cell lines: 8 proteins were increased in gliomas (BAX, caspase 7, HIF-1α, c-JUN, MEK1, PARP 1 cleaved, Src, and VEGFR2) and none in adenocarcinomas.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We identified subsets of proteins with clearly concordant/discordant behavior between gliomas and adenocarcinomas. In general, monolayer to 3D culture differences are clearer than normoxia to hypoxia differences, with anti-apoptotic, cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell survival pathways emphasized in the former and mTOR pathway, transcription, cell-cycle arrest modulation, and increased cell motility in the latter.</p

Bridging the Gap: An Innovative Web-Based Approach for Evaluating EBP Readiness in Direct Care Nurses

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