Integração dos modais de transportes frente ao desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro

This article aims to compare the modalities of rail and waterway transportation with the road modal, through its characterization, in order to evaluate the efficiency of cargo transportation in Brazil. The methodology was based on a bibliographical analysis of materials in the academic environment (articles, dissertations, theses and magazines) in order to raise the strengths and points of improvement in the transport sector in Brazil, to the detriment of its high multimodal potential, reach the transport efficiency needed to maintain its economic development. Among the information obtained, it was evidenced that for decades the transposition of the Brazilian goods has been given by the predominant modal road, which in turn is saturated and limited. Due to the lack of federal government investments in infrastructure and logistics, the country is on the verge of stagnation in economic growth, as production becomes more expensive as a consequence of the high costs involved in its transportation, leaving the products at a competitive disadvantage in the national territory and in exports. In this way, the article shows that there is no one mode of transportation better than another, the transportation route becomes more appropriate according to its purpose.Este artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una comparación de los modales de transporte ferroviario e hidroviario con el modal carretera, por medio de su caracterización, a fin de evaluar la eficiencia del transporte de cargas en Brasil. La metodología se basó en un análisis bibliográfico en materiales existentes en el medio académico (artículos, disertaciones, tesis y revistas) para levantar los puntos fuertes y puntos de mejora en el sector de transporte en el Brasil actual, en detrimento de su alto potencial multimodal, lograr la eficiencia en el transporte necesario para mantener su desarrollo económico. Entre las informaciones obtenidas, se evidenció que hace décadas la transposición de las mercancías brasileñas se ha dado por el predominante modal carretera, ese a su vez se encuentra saturado y limitado. Debido a la falta de inversiones del gobierno federal en la infraestructura y logística, el país está en la inminencia de un estancamiento en el crecimiento económico, ya que la producción se vuelve más cara como consecuencia de los altos costos involucrados en su transporte, dejan los productos en desventaja competitiva tanto en el territorio nacional y en las exportaciones. De esta forma, el artículo muestra que no existe un modal de transporte mejor que otro, la vía de transporte se vuelve más apropiada de acuerdo con su finalidad.Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma comparação dos modais de transporte ferroviário e hidroviário com o modal rodoviário, por meio de sua caracterização, afim de avaliar a eficiência do transporte de cargas no Brasil. A metodologia baseou-se numa análise bibliográfica em materiais existentes no meio acadêmico (artigos, dissertações, teses e revistas) de modo a levantar os pontos fortes e pontos de melhoria no setor de transporte no Brasil atual, em detrimento ao seu alto potencial multimodal, alcance a eficiência no transporte necessário para manter o seu desenvolvimento econômico. Dentre as informações obtidas, evidenciou-se que há décadas a transposição das mercadorias brasileiras tem se dado pelo predominante modal rodoviário, esse por sua vez encontra-se saturado e limitado. Devido à falta de investimentos do governo federal na infraestrutura e logística, o país está na iminência de uma estagnação no crescimento econômico, visto que a produção se torna mais cara em consequência dos altos custos envolvidos no seu transporte, deixam os produtos em desvantagem competitiva tanto no território nacional quanto nas exportações. Dessa forma, o artigo mostra que não existe um modal de transporte melhor do que outro, a via de transporte se torna mais apropriada de acordo com sua finalidade

Paciente pediátrico portador de transtorno espectro autista em um ambulatório: relato de experiência / Pediatric patient with autistic spectrum disorder in an outpatient clinic: experience report

O transtorno do espectro autista (TEA) é um grupo de distúrbios do desenvolvimento neurológico de início precoce, caracterizado por comprometimento das habilidades sociais e de comunicação, além de comportamentos estereotipados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar a experiência vivenciadas durante o período das aulas práticas em um ambulatório pediátrico, pontuando a assistência de enfermagem para um paciente pediátrico com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), e os cuidados voltados para as suas enfermidades. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, realizado por acadêmicas de enfermagem da Universidade da Amazônia - UNAMA, durante as aulas práticas em um ambulatório infantil em Belém – PA, concluímos que a importância do enfermeiro sobre orientar os pais, e direciona-los a consultar o filho com outros profissionais da equipe multiprofissional de saúde, e para melhorar a qualidade de vida da criança.

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK.

BACKGROUND: A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. METHODS: This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. FINDINGS: Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0-75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4-97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8-80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3-4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. INTERPRETATION: ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials. FUNDING: UK Research and Innovation, National Institutes for Health Research (NIHR), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lemann Foundation, Rede D'Or, Brava and Telles Foundation, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Thames Valley and South Midland's NIHR Clinical Research Network, and AstraZeneca

Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Background A safe and efficacious vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), if deployed with high coverage, could contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in a pooled interim analysis of four trials. Methods This analysis includes data from four ongoing blinded, randomised, controlled trials done across the UK, Brazil, and South Africa. Participants aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned (1:1) to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine or control (meningococcal group A, C, W, and Y conjugate vaccine or saline). Participants in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group received two doses containing 5 × 1010 viral particles (standard dose; SD/SD cohort); a subset in the UK trial received a half dose as their first dose (low dose) and a standard dose as their second dose (LD/SD cohort). The primary efficacy analysis included symptomatic COVID-19 in seronegative participants with a nucleic acid amplification test-positive swab more than 14 days after a second dose of vaccine. Participants were analysed according to treatment received, with data cutoff on Nov 4, 2020. Vaccine efficacy was calculated as 1 - relative risk derived from a robust Poisson regression model adjusted for age. Studies are registered at ISRCTN89951424 and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04324606, NCT04400838, and NCT04444674. Findings Between April 23 and Nov 4, 2020, 23 848 participants were enrolled and 11 636 participants (7548 in the UK, 4088 in Brazil) were included in the interim primary efficacy analysis. In participants who received two standard doses, vaccine efficacy was 62·1% (95% CI 41·0–75·7; 27 [0·6%] of 4440 in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group vs71 [1·6%] of 4455 in the control group) and in participants who received a low dose followed by a standard dose, efficacy was 90·0% (67·4–97·0; three [0·2%] of 1367 vs 30 [2·2%] of 1374; pinteraction=0·010). Overall vaccine efficacy across both groups was 70·4% (95·8% CI 54·8–80·6; 30 [0·5%] of 5807 vs 101 [1·7%] of 5829). From 21 days after the first dose, there were ten cases hospitalised for COVID-19, all in the control arm; two were classified as severe COVID-19, including one death. There were 74 341 person-months of safety follow-up (median 3·4 months, IQR 1·3–4·8): 175 severe adverse events occurred in 168 participants, 84 events in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group and 91 in the control group. Three events were classified as possibly related to a vaccine: one in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 group, one in the control group, and one in a participant who remains masked to group allocation. Interpretation ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile and has been found to be efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in this interim analysis of ongoing clinical trials

Integração dos modais de transportes frente ao desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro

This article aims to compare the modalities of rail and waterway transportation with the road modal, through its characterization, in order to evaluate the efficiency of cargo transportation in Brazil. The methodology was based on a bibliographical analysis of materials in the academic environment (articles, dissertations, theses and magazines) in order to raise the strengths and points of improvement in the transport sector in Brazil, to the detriment of its high multimodal potential, reach the transport efficiency needed to maintain its economic development. Among the information obtained, it was evidenced that for decades the transposition of the Brazilian goods has been given by the predominant modal road, which in turn is saturated and limited. Due to the lack of federal government investments in infrastructure and logistics, the country is on the verge of stagnation in economic growth, as production becomes more expensive as a consequence of the high costs involved in its transportation, leaving the products at a competitive disadvantage in the national territory and in exports. In this way, the article shows that there is no one mode of transportation better than another, the transportation route becomes more appropriate according to its purpose.Este artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma comparação dos modais de transporte ferroviário e hidroviário com o modal rodoviário, por meio de sua caracterização, afim de avaliar a eficiência do transporte de cargas no Brasil. A metodologia baseou-se numa análise bibliográfica em materiais existentes no meio acadêmico (artigos, dissertações, teses e revistas) de modo a levantar os pontos fortes e pontos de melhoria no setor de transporte no Brasil atual, em detrimento ao seu alto potencial multimodal, alcance a eficiência no transporte necessário para manter o seu desenvolvimento econômico. Dentre as informações obtidas, evidenciou-se que há décadas a transposição das mercadorias brasileiras tem se dado pelo predominante modal rodoviário, esse por sua vez encontra-se saturado e limitado. Devido à falta de investimentos do governo federal na infraestrutura e logística, o país está na iminência de uma estagnação no crescimento econômico, visto que a produção se torna mais cara em consequência dos altos custos envolvidos no seu transporte, deixam os produtos em desvantagem competitiva tanto no território nacional quanto nas exportações. Dessa forma, o artigo mostra que não existe um modal de transporte melhor do que outro, a via de transporte se torna mais apropriada de acordo com sua finalidade.Este artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una comparación de los modales de transporte ferroviario e hidroviario con el modal carretera, por medio de su caracterización, a fin de evaluar la eficiencia del transporte de cargas en Brasil. La metodología se basó en un análisis bibliográfico en materiales existentes en el medio académico (artículos, disertaciones, tesis y revistas) para levantar los puntos fuertes y puntos de mejora en el sector de transporte en el Brasil actual, en detrimento de su alto potencial multimodal, lograr la eficiencia en el transporte necesario para mantener su desarrollo económico. Entre las informaciones obtenidas, se evidenció que hace décadas la transposición de las mercancías brasileñas se ha dado por el predominante modal carretera, ese a su vez se encuentra saturado y limitado. Debido a la falta de inversiones del gobierno federal en la infraestructura y logística, el país está en la inminencia de un estancamiento en el crecimiento económico, ya que la producción se vuelve más cara como consecuencia de los altos costos involucrados en su transporte, dejan los productos en desventaja competitiva tanto en el territorio nacional y en las exportaciones. De esta forma, el artículo muestra que no existe un modal de transporte mejor que otro, la vía de transporte se vuelve más apropiada de acuerdo con su finalidad