5 research outputs found
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Albertson Samuel B.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Alema Niguse Meles
- Alemu Biresaw Wassihun
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla Francois
- Allebeck Peter
- Almadi Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
- Almasi Ali
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Almasri Nihad A.
- Almulhim Abdulaziz M.
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alumran Arwa Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amare Bekalu
- Amini Saeed
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Aminorroaya Arya
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amit Arianna Maever L.
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Amul Gianna Gayle Herrera
- Anbesu Etsay Woldu
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Androudi Sofia
- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari Iman
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antony Catherine M.
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anwer Razique
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y.
- Arba Aseb Arba Kinfe
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariani Filippo
- Aripov Timur
- Armoon Bahram
- Arnlov Johan
- Arowosegbe Oluwaseyi Olalekan
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asaad Malke
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
- Asgari Samaneh
- Asghari Babak
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Assmus Michael
- Atafar Zahra
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atre Sachin R.
- Atteraya Madhu Sudhan
- Ausloos Floriane
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avila-Burgos Leticia
- Avokpaho Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Aynalem Getie Lake
- Aynalem Yared Asmare
- Ayza Muluken Altaye
- Azari Samad
- Azarian Ghasem
- Azene Zelalem Nigussie
- Azhar Gulrez
- Azzopardi Peter S.
- Babaee Ebrahim
- Badawi Alaa
- Badiye Ashish D.
- Bagherzadeh Mojtaba
- Bagli Eleni
- Bahrami Mohammad Amin
- Baig Atif Amin
- Bairwa Mohan
- Bakhshaei Mohammad Hossein
- Bakhtiari Ahad
- Bakkannavar Shankar M.
- Balachandran Arun
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balalla Shivanthi
- Balassyano Shelly
- Baldasseroni Alberto
- Bali Ahmed Omar
- Ball Kylie
- Ballew Shoshana H.
- Balzi Daniela
- Banach Maciej
- Bandpei Mohammad A. Mohseni
- Banerjee Srikanta K.
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Bannick Marlena S.
- Bante Agegnehu Bante
- Bante Simachew Animen
- Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher
- Barboza Miguel A.
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barnighausen Till Winfried
- Barrero Lope H.
- Barthelemy Celine M.
- Barua Lingkan
- Barzegar Akbar
- Basaleem Huda
- Bassat Quique
- Basu Sanjay
- Baune Bernhard T.
- Bayati Mohsen
- Baye Bayisa Abdissa
- Bazmandegan Gholamreza
- Becker Jacob S.
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Ettore
- Behzadifar Masoud
- Bejot Yannick
- Bekuma Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye
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- Bennett Derrick A.
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- Bensenor Isabela M.
- Benziger Catherine P.
- Berhe Kidanemaryam
- Berman Adam E.
- Bernabe Eduardo
- Bernstein Robert S.
- Bertolacci Gregory J.
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhageerathy Reshmi
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhat Anusha Ganapati
- Bhattacharyya Krittika
- Bhattarai Suraj
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bibi Sadia
- Bicer Burcu Kucuk
- Biehl Molly H.
- Bijani Ali
- Bikbov Boris
- Bilano Ver
- Bin Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat
- Bin Zaman Sojib
- Biondi Antonio
- Birihane Binyam Minuye
- Bisanzio Donal
- Bisignano Catherine
- Biswas Raaj Kishore
- Bitew Helen
- Bjorge Tone
- Bockarie Moses John
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bohluli Mehdi
- Bojia Hunduma Amensisa
- Bolla Srinivasa Rao
- Boloor Archith
- Boon-Dooley Alexandra S.
- Borges Guilherme
- Borzi Antonio Maria
- Borzouei Shiva
- Bose Dipan
- Bosetti Cristina
- Boston Sofia
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- Bourne Rupert
- Brady Oliver J.
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brauer Michael
- Brayne Carol
- Breitborde Nicholas J. K.
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Breusov Alexey V.
- Briant Paul Svitil
- Briggs Andrew M.
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
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- Bryazka Dana
- Buchbinder Rachelle
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- Butt Zahid A.
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Cahill Leah E.
- Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero
- Cai Tianji
- Callender Charlton S. K. H.
- Camera Luis Alberto
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R.
- Cao Jackie
- Car Josip
- Car Lorainne Tudor
- Cardenas Rosario
- Carreras Giulia
- Carrero Juan J.
- Carvalho Felix
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castaneda-Orjuela Carlos A.
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Castle Chris D.
- Castro Emma
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- Catala-Lopez Ferran
- Causey Kate
- Cederroth Christopher R.
- Cercy Kelly M.
- Cerin Ester
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- Chandan Joht Singh
- Chang Alex R.
- Chang Angela Y.
- Chang Jung-Chen
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- Charlson Fiona J.
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- Chaturvedi Sarika
- Cherbuin Nicolas
- Chimed-Ochir Odgerel
- Chin Ken Lee
- Chirinos-Caceres Jesus Lorenzo
- Cho Daniel Youngwhan
- Choi Jee-Young Jasmine
- Christensen Hanne
- Chu Dinh-Toi
- Chung Michael T.
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- Cirillo Massimo
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- Crowe Christopher Stephen
- Cruz Jessica A.
- Cummins Steven
- Cunningham Matthew
- D'Amico Emanuele
- da Silva Diana Dias
- Dahlawi Saad M. A.
- Dai Haijiang
- Dai Hancheng
- Damasceno Albertino Antonio Moura
- Damiani Giovanni
- Dandona Lalit
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- Dangel William James
- Danielsson Anna-Karin
- Dargan Paul I.
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- Daryani Ahmad
- Das Gupta Rajat
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- Davila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto
- Davis Adrian C.
- Davitoiu Dragos Virgil
- Davletov Kairat
- De Leo Diego
- De Neve Jan-Walter
- Dean Frances E.
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- Deen Amanda
- Defo Barthelemy Kuate
- Degenhardt Louisa
- DeLang Marissa
- Dellavalle Robert Paul
- Demeke Feleke Mekonnen
- Demoz Gebre Teklemariam
- Demsie Desalegn Getnet
- Denova-Gutierrez Edgar
- Dereje Nebiyu Dereje
- Deribe Kebede
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Desai Rupak
- Desalew Assefa
- Dessie Getenet Ayalew
- Deuba Keshab
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- Etemadi Arash
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- Grosso Giuseppe
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- Gudi Nachiket
- Gugnani Harish Chander
- Guimaraes Andre Luiz Sena
- Guimaraes Rafael Alves
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- Gultie Teklemariam
- Guo Gaorui
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- Gupta Rajeev
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- Islam MdMohaimenul
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- Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari
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- Jakovljevic Mihajlo
- Jalali Amir
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- Janjani Hosna
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- Jayatilleke Achala Upendra
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- Kissimova-Skarbek Katarzyna
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- Krishan Kewal
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- Kugbey Nuworza
- Kulkarni Vaman
- Kumar G. Anil
- Kumar Manasi
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- Kumar Pushpendra
- Kumar Vivek
- Kumaresh Girikumar
- Kurmi Om P.
- Kusuma Dian
- Kyu Hmwe Hmwe
- La Vecchia Carlo
- Lacey Ben
- Lal Dharmesh Kumar
- Lalloo Ratilal
- Lallukka Tea
- Lam Jennifer O.
- Lami Faris Hasan
- Lan Qing
- Landires Ivan
- Lang Justin J.
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- Lansky Sonia
- Larson Heidi Jane
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- Leung Janni
- Levi Miriam
- Lewington Sarah
- Li Bingyu
- Li Shanshan
- Lim Lee-Ling
- Lim Stephen S.
- Lin Christine
- Lin Ro-Ting
- Linehan Christine
- Linn Shai
- Listl Stefan
- Liu Hung-Chun
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- Logroscino Giancarlo
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- Mahmoudi Morteza
- Mai Hue Thi
- Majeed Azeem
- Malagon-Rojas Jeadran N.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Aboyans Victor
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrigo Michael R.M.
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Alemu Biresaw wassihun
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antony Catherine M.
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anwer Razique
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y.
- Ariani Filippo
- Armoon Bahram
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Assmus Michael
- Atafar Zahra
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atout Maha Moh d.Wahbi
- Ausloos Floriane
- Ausloos Marcel
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Azari Samad
- Azarian Ghasem
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- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamsizadeh Morteza
- Sharafi Kiomars
- Sheikh Aziz
- Sheikhtaheri Abbas
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shield Kevin David
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Jae Il
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- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shuval Kerem
- Siabani Soraya
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- Sub Foundations&PhilosophyofNaturSc begr
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
- Suliankatchi Abdulkader Rizwan
- Sulo Gerhard
- Sultan Iyad
- Szumowski Łukasz
- Sánchez-Pimienta Tania G.
- Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael
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- Tabuchi Takahiro
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- Tamiru Animut Tagele
- Taveira Nuno
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Temsah Mohamad Hani
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- Torre Anna E.
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto Roberto
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Travillian Ravensara
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tudor Car Lorainne
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Riaz
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Vacante Marco
- Valdez Pascual R.
- van Donkelaar Aaron
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasseghian Yasser
- Veisani Yousef
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vos Theo
- Vukovic Rade
- Waheed Yasir
- Wallin Mitchell Taylor
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yuan Pang
- Watson Alexandrea
- Wei Jingkai
- Wei Melissa Y.Wei
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Jordan
- Werdecker Andrea
- West J. Jason
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wolfe Charles D.A.
- Wozniak Sarah S.
- Wu Ai Min
- Wu Junjie
- Wulf Hanson Sarah
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Rixing
- Yadgir Simon
- Yahyazadeh Jabbari Seyed Hossein
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yaminfirooz Mousa
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaya Sanni
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
- Yeheyis Tomas Y.
- Yilgwan Christopher Sabo
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Younker Theodore Patrick
- Yousefi Bahman
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yousefinezhadi Taraneh
- Yousuf Abdilahi Yousuf
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zahirian Moghadam Telma
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R.M.
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Peer reviewe
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Aboyans Victor
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrigo Michael R.M.
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Alemu Biresaw wassihun
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo
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- Sheikhtaheri Abbas
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shield Kevin David
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Jae Il
- Shin Min Jeong
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shuval Kerem
- Siabani Soraya
- Sierpinski Radoslaw
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig
- Silva João Pedro
- Simpson Kyle E.
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Pushpendra
- Skiadaresi Eirini
- Skou Søren T.Skou
- Skryabin Valentin Yurievich
- Smith Emma U.R.
- Soheili Amin
- Soltani Shahin
- Soofi Moslem
- Sorensen Reed J.D.
- Soriano Joan B.
- Sorrie Muluken Bekele
- Soshnikov Sergey
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
- Spencer Cory N.
- Spotin Adel
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T.
- Srinivasan Vinay
- Stanaway Jeffrey D.
- Stein Caroline
- Stein Dan J.
- Steiner Caitlyn
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A.
- Straif Kurt
- Stubbs Jacob L.
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
- Suliankatchi Abdulkader Rizwan
- Sulo Gerhard
- Sultan Iyad
- Szumowski Łukasz
- Sánchez-Pimienta Tania G.
- Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabb Karen M.
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Taherkhani Amir
- Tajdini Masih
- Takahashi Ken
- Takala Jukka S.
- Tamiru Animut Tagele
- Taveira Nuno
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Temsah Mohamad Hani
- Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn
- Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
- Thurston George D.
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tohidinik Hamid Reza
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Topouzis Fotis
- Torre Anna E.
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto Roberto
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Travillian Ravensara
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tudor Car Lorainne
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Riaz
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Vacante Marco
- Valdez Pascual R.
- van Donkelaar Aaron
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasseghian Yasser
- Veisani Yousef
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vos Theo
- Vukovic Rade
- Waheed Yasir
- Wallin Mitchell Taylor
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yuan Pang
- Watson Alexandrea
- Wei Jingkai
- Wei Melissa Y.Wei
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Jordan
- Werdecker Andrea
- West J. Jason
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wolfe Charles D.A.
- Wozniak Sarah S.
- Wu Ai Min
- Wu Junjie
- Wulf Hanson Sarah
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Rixing
- Yadgir Simon
- Yahyazadeh Jabbari Seyed Hossein
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yaminfirooz Mousa
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaya Sanni
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
- Yeheyis Tomas Y.
- Yilgwan Christopher Sabo
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Younker Theodore Patrick
- Yousefi Bahman
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yousefinezhadi Taraneh
- Yousuf Abdilahi Yousuf
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zahirian Moghadam Telma
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R.M.
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 17/10/2020
- Field of study
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
- Abate Degu
- Abay Solomon M.
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasi Nooshin
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdel-Rahman Omar
- Abdela Jemal
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdi Alireza
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abebe Nebiyu Dereje
- Abebe Zegeye
- Abejie Ayenew Negesse
- Abera Semaw P.
- Abil Olifan Zewdie
- Aboyans Victor
- Abraha Haftom Niguse
- Abrham Aklilu Rota
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen Me
- Abujeer Ammar
- Abyu Gebre Y.
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Acharya Dilaram
- Acharya Pawan
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladinieji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkumui
- Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adetokunboh Olatunji
- Adhena Beyene Meressa
- Adhikari Tara Rattan
- Adib Mine G.
- Adou Arsene Kouablan
- Adsuar Jose C.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mandi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Aghayan Sargis Aghasi
- Agius Dominic
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agrawal Sutapa
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Meltdi
- Ahmadieh Flamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Sayem
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akanda Ali S.
- Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil
- Akibu Mohammed
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akseer Nadia
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Maskari Fatma
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Tahiya
- Alandab Tares
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- Ali Raghib
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- Liu Shiwei
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- Lodha Rakesh
- Logroscino Giancarlo
- Lopez Alan D.
- Lorkowski Stefan
- Lotufo Paulo A.
- Lozano Rafael
- Lucchesi Lydia R.
- Lyons Ronan A.
- Macarayan Ellyn Rachelle King
- Mackay Mark T.
- Maddison Emilie R.
- Madhanraj K.
- Madopullo Ira
- Madotto Fabiana
- Maghavani Dhaval P.
- Magis-Rodriguez Carlos
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- Mahotra Narayan Bahadur
- Majdan Marek
- Majdzadeh Reza
- Majeed Azeern
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malta Deborah Carvallo
- Mamun Abdullah A.
- Manda Ana-Laura
- Mangalam Srikanth
- Manguerra Helena
- Mansournia Mohammad Ali
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- Marks Ashley
- Martin Randall V.
- Martins Sheila C. O.
- Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlandio
- Mashamba-Thompson Tivani Phosa
- Massenburg Benjamin Ballard
- Mathin Mann Raj
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- Mazidi Mohsen
- McAlinden Colm
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- McKee Martin
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- Mehata Suresh
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- Mehrotra Ravi
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- Mehta Varshil
- Mejia-Rodriguez Fabiola
- Mekonen Tesfa
- Mekonnen Tefera C. Chaise
- Meles Hagazi Gebre
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- Mengistu Desalegn Tadese
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- Mirarefin Mojde
- Misganaw Awoke Temesgen
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- Moazen Babak
- Moghadamnia Ali Akbar
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- Mohammad Karzan Abdulmuhsin
- Mohammadi Moslem
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadnia-Afrouzi Mousa
- Mohammed Mohammed A.
- Mohammed Shafm
- Mohan Murali B. V.
- Mohan Viswanathan
- Mohebi Farnam
- Mokdad Ali H.
- Molokhia Mariam
- Moltra Modhurima
- Monasta Lorenzo
- Montanez Julio Cesar
- Moosazadeh Mahmood
- Moradi Ghobad
- Moradi Mahmoudreza
- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Moradinazar Mehdi
- Moraga Paula
- Morawska Lidia
- Morgado-da-Costa Joana
- Morisaki Naho
- Morrison Shane Douglas
- Mosapour Abbas
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- Mountjoy-Venning W. Cliff
- Mouodi Simin
- Mousavi Seyyed Meysam
- Muche Achenef Asmamaw
- Muchie Kindle Fentahun
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- Muhammed Ottmer Sada S.
- Mukhopadhyay Satnada
- Mullany Erin C.
- Muller Kate
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- Murthy Srinivas
- Musa Jonah
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Mustafa Ghulam
- Muthupandian Saravanan
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- Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman
- Nagel Gabriele
- Naghavi Mohsen
- Naheed Aliya
- Nahvijou Azin
- Naidoo Kovin
- Naik Gurudatta
- Naik Nitish
- Najafi Farid
- Naldi Luigi
- Nam Hae Sung
- Nangia Vinay
- Nansseu Jobert Richie
- Nascimento Bruno Ramos
- Nawaz Haseeb
- Neamati Nahid
- Negoi Ionut
- Negoi Ruxandra Irina
- Neupane Subas
- Newton Charles Richard James
- Ngalesoni Frida N.
- Ngunjiri Josephine W.
- Nguyen Anh
- Nguyen Grant
- Nguyen Ha
- Nguyen Minh
- Nichols Emma
- Nigatu Solomon Gedlu
- Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini
- Nino Maria Dolores Sanchez
- Nirayo Yirga Legesse
- Nisar Muhammad Imran
- Nixon Molly R.
- Nolutshungu Nomonde
- Nomura Marika
- Norheim Ole F.
- Noroozi Mehdi
- Norrving Bo
- Noubiap Jean Jacques
- Nouri Hamid Reza
- Nowroozi Mohammad Reza
- Nyasulu Peter S.
- Obermeyer Carla Makhlouf
- Ofori-Asenso Richard
- Ogah Okechukwu Samuel
- Ogbo Felix Akpojene
- Oh In-Hwan
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- Olagunju Tinuke
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- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
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- Oros Andrei
- Ortega-Altamirano Doris D. V.
- Ortiz Alberto
- Ortiz Justin R.
- Ortiz-Panozo Eduardo
- Ota Erika
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- Owolabi Mayowa Ojo
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- Pan Wen-Hain
- Pana Adrian
- Panda Basant Kumar
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- Pandian Jeyaraj Dural
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- Parsian Hadi
- Patel Shanti
- Pati Sanghamitra
- Patle Ajay
- Patton George C.
- Paturi Vishnupriya Rio
- Paudel Deepak
- Paulson Katherine R.
- Pearce Neil
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- Perico Norberto
- Pervaiz Aslam
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Petri William A.
- Petzold Max
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- Pigott David M.
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- Pirsaheb Meghdad
- Pletcher Martin
- Pond Constance Dimity
- Postma Maarten J.
- Pourshams Akram
- Poustchi Hossein
- Prabhakaran Dorairaj
- Prakash K. C.
- Prakash Swayam
- Prasad Narayan
- Purcell Caroline A.
- Pyakurel Manisa
- Qorbani Mostafa
- Quansah Reginald
- Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala
- Rad Enayatollah Homaie
- Radfar Amir
- Rafay Anwar
- Rafiei Alireza
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi Kazem
- Rahimi-Movaghar Marin
- Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
- Rahman Kid Shafiur
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rahman Sajjad Ur
- Rai Rajesh Kumar
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rajsic Sasa
- Ram Usha
- Rana Salcern M.
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Ranjan Prabhat
- Rano-Filho Luiz Garcia Manda
- Rasella Davide
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- Reiner Robert C.
- Reis Cesar
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- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renzaho Andre M. N.
- Resnikoff Serge
- Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam
- Rezaei Satan
- Rezaeian Shahab
- Rezai Mohammad Sadegh
- Riahi Seyed Mohammad
- Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P.
- Rikbov Boris
- Rincon Julio Cesar Campuzano
- Rios-Blancas Maria Jesus
- Rivas Jacqueline Castillo
- Roba Ked Teji
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- Roever Leonardo
- Ronfani Luca
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Rostami Ali
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- Roy Ambuj
- Rubagotti Enrico
- Ruhago George Mugambage
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- Sachdev Perminder S.
- Saddik Basema
- Sadeghi Ehsan
- Safari Hosein
- Safari Yahya
- Safari-Faramani Roya
- Safdarian Mandi
- Safi Sane
- Safiri Saeid
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- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi Haniye Sadat
- Salam Nasir
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- Salamati Payman
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- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamsi Mohammad Bagher
- Shamsizadeff Morteza
- Sharaff Kiomars
- Sharafi Heidar
- Sharif Mehdi
- Sharif-Alhoseini Mandi
- Sharma Jayendra
- Sharma Rajesh
- Sharma Sharad Kumar
- She Jun
- Sheikh Aziz
- Shey Muki Shehu
- Shi Peilin
- Shiadeh Malihe Nourollahpour
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shields Chloe
- Shifa Ghana Temm
- Shiferaw Mekonnen Sisay
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shirude Shreya
- Shishani Kawkab
- Shiue Ivy
- Shokraneh Farhad
- Shoman Haitham
- Shrime Mark G.
- Shukla Sharvari Rahul
- Shushtari Zahra Jodoran
- Si Si
- Siabani Soraya
- Sibai Abla Mehio
- Siddiqi Tariq J.
- Sigfusdottir Toga Dora
- Silpakit Naris
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Silva Joao Pedro
- Silveira Dayane Gabriele Alves
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Narinder Pal
- Singh Om Prakash
- Singh Prashant Kumar
- Singh Virendra
- Sinha Dhirendra Narain
- Skiadaresi Eirini
- Sliwa Karen
- Smith Amanda E.
- Smith Mari
- Soares Filho Adauto Martins
- Sobaih Badr Hasan
- Sobhani Soheila
- Soljak Michael
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- Soosaraei Masoud
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- Soriano Joan B.
- Soshnikov Sergey
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
- Spinelli Angela
- Sposato Luciano A.
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T.
- Srinivasan Raghavendra Guru
- Srinivasan Vinay
- Stanaway Jeffrey D.
- Starodubov Vladimir I.
- Stathopoulou Vasiliki
- Steckling Nadine
- Stein Dan J.
- Stewart Leo G.
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A.
- Straif Kurt
- Sudaryanto Agus
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Sunguya Bruno F.
- Sur Patrick John
- Sutradhar Ipsita
- Sykes Bryan L.
- Sylaja P. N.
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- Szoeke Cassandra E. I.
- Tabares-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabuchi Takahiro
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- Tamirat Koku Sisay
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- Tandon Nikhil
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- Tarioli Andrea
- Tarzam Hossein
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- Tassew Segen Gebremeskel
- Tavakkoli Mohammad
- Taveira Nuno
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- Tearwood Jamal A.
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Tekalign Tigist Gashaw
- Tekle Merhawi Gebremedhin
- Temesgen Habtamu
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Temsah Omar
- Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman
- Teshale Manaye Yihune
- Teshome Destaw Fetene
- Tessema Belay
- Teweldemedhin Mebrahtu
- Thakur Jamail Singh
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Theis Andrew
- Thintnavukkarasu Sathish
- Thomas Laura Anne
- Thomas Nihal
- Thomson Alan J.
- Thrift Amanda C.
- Tilahun Binyam
- Tischer Florian
- To Quyen G.
- Tobe-Gai Ruoyan
- Tonelli Marcello
- Tonga Gerald
- Toon Seok-Jun
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Torre Anna E.
- Tortajada-Girbes Miguel
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Towbin Jeffrey A.
- Tripathy Srikanth Prasad
- Troeger Christopher E.
- Truelsen Thomas Clement
- Tsadik Afewerki Gebremeskel
- Tung Thanh Tran
- Tuzcu E. Murat
- Tymeson Hayley D.
- Ukwaja Kingsley N.
- Ullah Irfan
- Updike Rachel I.
- Usman Muhammad Shariq
- Uthman Olalekan A.
- Vaduganathan Muthiah
- Vaezi Afsane
- Vaidya Gaurang
- Valdez Pascual R.
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- Van Lansingh C.
- Varavikova Elena
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vbs Theo
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Vidavalur Ramesh
- Villafaina Santos
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vladimirov Sergey Konstantinovitch
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollmer Sebastian
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vosoughi Kia
- Vujcic Isidora S.
- Wagner Gregory R.
- Wagnew Fasil Shiferaw
- Waheed Yasir
- Wang Yanping
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Wassie Molla Mesele
- Watson Judd I.
- Weiderpass Elisabete
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Jordan
- Weldegebreal Fitsum
- Weldegwergs Kidu Gidey
- Werdecker Andrea
- West Werkneff T. Loin
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Widecka Justyna
- Widecka Katarzyna
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Winkler Andrea Sylvia
- Wither Lauren B.
- Wiyeh Alison B.
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wolde Haileab Fekadu
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Wu Shouling
- Xavier Denis
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Rising
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yakob Bereket
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasin Yasin Jemal
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yeshaneh Alex
- Yimer Ebrahirn M.
- Yip Paul
- Yirsaw Biruck Desalegn
- Yisma Engida
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zara Zohreh
- Zavala-Arciniega Luis
- Zegeye Desalegn Tegabu
- Zegeye Elias Asfaw
- Zeleke Ayalew Jejaw
- Zendehdel Kazem
- Zerfit Taddese Alemu
- Zhang Anthony Lin
- Zhang Xiteying
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Jun
- Zimsen Stephanie R. M.
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zoeckler Leo
- Zucker Inbar
- Zuhlke Liesel Joanna J.
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Albertson Samuel B.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Alema Niguse Meles
- Alemu Biresaw Wassihun
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla Francois
- Allebeck Peter
- Almadi Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
- Almasi Ali
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Almasri Nihad A.
- Almulhim Abdulaziz M.
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alumran Arwa Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amare Bekalu
- Amini Saeed
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Aminorroaya Arya
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amit Arianna Maever L.
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Amul Gianna Gayle Herrera
- Anbesu Etsay Woldu
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Androudi Sofia
- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari Iman
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antony Catherine M.
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anwer Razique
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y.
- Arba Aseb Arba Kinfe
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariani Filippo
- Aripov Timur
- Armoon Bahram
- Arnlov Johan
- Arowosegbe Oluwaseyi Olalekan
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asaad Malke
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
- Asgari Samaneh
- Asghari Babak
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Assmus Michael
- Atafar Zahra
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atre Sachin R.
- Atteraya Madhu Sudhan
- Ausloos Floriane
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avila-Burgos Leticia
- Avokpaho Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Aynalem Getie Lake
- Aynalem Yared Asmare
- Ayza Muluken Altaye
- Azari Samad
- Azarian Ghasem
- Azene Zelalem Nigussie
- Azhar Gulrez
- Azzopardi Peter S.
- Babaee Ebrahim
- Badawi Alaa
- Badiye Ashish D.
- Bagherzadeh Mojtaba
- Bagli Eleni
- Bahrami Mohammad Amin
- Baig Atif Amin
- Bairwa Mohan
- Bakhshaei Mohammad Hossein
- Bakhtiari Ahad
- Bakkannavar Shankar M.
- Balachandran Arun
- Balakrishnan Senthilkumar
- Balalla Shivanthi
- Balassyano Shelly
- Baldasseroni Alberto
- Bali Ahmed Omar
- Ball Kylie
- Ballew Shoshana H.
- Balzi Daniela
- Banach Maciej
- Bandpei Mohammad A. Mohseni
- Banerjee Srikanta K.
- Banik Palash Chandra
- Bannick Marlena S.
- Bante Agegnehu Bante
- Bante Simachew Animen
- Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher
- Barboza Miguel A.
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barnighausen Till Winfried
- Barrero Lope H.
- Barthelemy Celine M.
- Barua Lingkan
- Barzegar Akbar
- Basaleem Huda
- Bassat Quique
- Basu Sanjay
- Baune Bernhard T.
- Bayati Mohsen
- Baye Bayisa Abdissa
- Bazmandegan Gholamreza
- Becker Jacob S.
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Ettore
- Behzadifar Masoud
- Bejot Yannick
- Bekuma Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye
- Bell Michelle L.
- Bello Aminu K.
- Bender Rose G.
- Bennett Derrick A.
- Bennitt Fiona B.
- Bensenor Isabela M.
- Benziger Catherine P.
- Berhe Kidanemaryam
- Berman Adam E.
- Bernabe Eduardo
- Bernstein Robert S.
- Bertolacci Gregory J.
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhageerathy Reshmi
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhat Anusha Ganapati
- Bhattacharyya Krittika
- Bhattarai Suraj
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bibi Sadia
- Bicer Burcu Kucuk
- Biehl Molly H.
- Bijani Ali
- Bikbov Boris
- Bilano Ver
- Bin Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat
- Bin Zaman Sojib
- Biondi Antonio
- Birihane Binyam Minuye
- Bisanzio Donal
- Bisignano Catherine
- Biswas Raaj Kishore
- Bitew Helen
- Bjorge Tone
- Bockarie Moses John
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bohluli Mehdi
- Bojia Hunduma Amensisa
- Bolla Srinivasa Rao
- Boloor Archith
- Boon-Dooley Alexandra S.
- Borges Guilherme
- Borzi Antonio Maria
- Borzouei Shiva
- Bose Dipan
- Bosetti Cristina
- Boston Sofia
- Boufous Soufiane
- Bourne Rupert
- Brady Oliver J.
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brauer Michael
- Brayne Carol
- Breitborde Nicholas J. K.
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Breusov Alexey V.
- Briant Paul Svitil
- Briggs Andrew M.
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
- Britton Gabrielle B.
- Brugha Traolach
- Bryazka Dana
- Buchbinder Rachelle
- Bumgarner Blair R.
- Burkart Katrin
- Burnett Richard Thomas
- Busse Reinhard
- Butt Zahid A.
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Cahill Leah E.
- Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero
- Cai Tianji
- Callender Charlton S. K. H.
- Camera Luis Alberto
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R.
- Cao Jackie
- Car Josip
- Car Lorainne Tudor
- Cardenas Rosario
- Carreras Giulia
- Carrero Juan J.
- Carvalho Felix
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castaneda-Orjuela Carlos A.
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Castle Chris D.
- Castro Emma
- Castro Franz
- Catala-Lopez Ferran
- Causey Kate
- Cederroth Christopher R.
- Cercy Kelly M.
- Cerin Ester
- Chalek Julian
- Chandan Joht Singh
- Chang Alex R.
- Chang Angela Y.
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- Rincon Julio Cesar Campuzano
- Rivera Juan A.
- Robalik Toshana
- Roberts Nicholas L. S.
- Roberts Shaun
- Robinson Stephen R.
- Rodriguez-Ramirez Sonia
- Roever Leonardo
- Rolfe Sam
- Romoli Michele
- Ronfani Luca
- Room Robin
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Rostamian Morteza
- Roth Gregory A.
- Rothenbacher Dietrich
- Rubagotti Enrico
- Rumisha Susan Fred
- Rwegerera Godfrey M.
- Saadatagah Seyedmohammad
- Sabour Siamak
- Sachdev Perminder S.
- Saddik Basema
- Sadeghi Ehsan
- Sadeghi Masoumeh
- Saeedi Reza
- Saeidi Shahram
- Safari Yahya
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi S. Mohammad
- Salahshoor Mohammad Reza
- Salam Nasir
- Salama Joseph S.
- Salamati Payman
- Salem Hosni
- Salem Marwa R.
- Salimi Yahya
- Salimzadeh Hamideh
- Salman Omar Mukhtar
- Salomon Joshua A.
- Salz Inbal
- Samad Zainab
- Sambala Evanson Zondani
- Samy Abdallah M.
- Sanabria Juan
- Sanchez-Pimienta Tania G.
- Santomauro Damian Francesco
- Santos Itamar S.
- Santos Joao Vasco
- Santric-Milicevic Milena M.
- Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
- Sarmiento-Suarez Rodrigo
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sartorius Benn
- Sarveazad Arash
- Sathian Brijesh
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Sattin Davide
- Savic Miloje
- Sawyer Susan M.
- Saxena Deepak
- Saxena Sonia
- Saylan Mete
- Sbarra Alyssa N.
- Schaeffer Lauren E.
- Schiavolin Silvia
- Schlaich Markus P.
- Schmidt Maria Ines
- Schutte Aletta Elisabeth
- Schwebel David C.
- Schwendicke Falk
- Section Mahesh P. A.
- Seedat Soraya
- Sekerija Mario
- Senbeta Anbissa Muleta
- Senthilkumaran Subramanian
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Serdar Berrin
- Serre Marc L.
- Servan-Mori Edson
- Sha Feng
- Shabani Mahsima
- Shackelford Katya Anne
- Shadid Jamileh
- Shafaat Omid
- Shahabi Saeed
- Shahbaz Mohammad
- Shaheen Amira A.
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shaji K. S.
- Shalash Ali S.
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamsi MohammadBagher
- Shamsizadeh Morteza
- Shannawaz Mohammed
- Sharafi Kiomars
- Sharafi Zeinab
- Sharan Subodh
- Sharara Fablina
- Sharifi Hamid
- Sharma Rajesh
- Shaw David H.
- Sheena Brittney S.
- Sheikh Aziz
- Sheikhtaheri Abbas
- Shetty B. Suresh Kumar
- Shetty Ranjitha S.
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shield Kevin David
- Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Jae Il
- Shin Min-Jeong
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shivakumar K. M.
- Shrime Mark G.
- Shuval Kerem
- Siabani Soraya
- Sierpinski Radoslaw
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Silva Joao Pedro
- Simonetti Biagio
- Simpson Kyle E.
- Singh Ambrish
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Pushpendra
- Sinha Dhirendra Narain
- Skiadaresi Eirini
- Skou Soren T.
- Skryabin Valentin Yurievich
- Sliwa Karen
- Smith Amanda
- Smith Emma U. R.
- Sobngwi Eugene
- Soheili Amin
- Sokhan Anton
- Soltani Shahin
- Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo
- Soofi Moslem
- Sorensen Reed J. D.
- Soriano Joan B.
- Sorrie Muluken Bekele
- Soshnikov Sergey
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
- Spencer Cory N.
- Spotin Adel
- Spurlock Emma Elizabeth
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T.
- Srinivasan Vinay
- Sripada Kam
- Stanaway Jeffrey D.
- Stark Benjamin A.
- Steel Nicholas
- Stefan Simona Catalina
- Stein Caroline
- Stein Dan J.
- Steiner Caitlyn
- Steiner Timothy J.
- Steuben Krista M.
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A.
- Stovner Lars Jacob
- Straif Kurt
- Stranges Saverio
- Stubbs Jacob L.
- Suchdev Parminder S.
- Sudaryanto Agus
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
- Sulo Gerhard
- Sultan Iyad
- Swope Carolyn B.
- Sykes Bryan L.
- Sylte Dillon O.
- Szocska Miklos
- Szumowski Lukasz
- Tabares-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabb Karen M.
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
- Taddele Biruk Wogayehu
- Tadesse Degena Bahrey
- Taherkhani Amir
- Tahir Zarfishan
- Tajdini Masih
- Takahashi Ken
- Takala Jukka S.
- Tamiru Animut Tagele
- Tang Muming
- Tanser Frank C.
- Tareque Md Ismail
- Tarigan Ingan Ukur
- Taveira Nuno
- Taylor Heather Jean
- Teagle Whitney L.
- Teame Hirut
- Tediosi Fabrizio
- Tefera Yonas Getaye
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Teklehaimanot Berhane Fseha
- Tela Freweini Gebrearegay
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Terrason Sonyah
- Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn
- Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
- Thakur Bhaskar
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thapar Rekha
- Thomas Nihal
- Thomson Azalea M.
- Thrift Amanda G.
- Thurston George D.
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tlou Boikhutso
- Tohidinik Hamid Reza
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Topouzis Fotis
- Toroudi Hamidreza Pazoki
- Torre Anna E.
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Traini Eugenio
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Travillian Ravensara
- Trias-Llimos Sergi
- Troeger Christopher E.
- Truelsen Thomas Clement
- Tsai Alexander C.
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Riaz
- Ullah Irfan
- Ullah Saif
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Undurraga Eduardo A.
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Uthman Olalekan A.
- Vacante Marco
- Vaicekonyte Regina
- Vakilian Alireza
- Valdez Pascual R.
- Valli Alessandro
- Van Donkelaar Aaron
- Vardavas Constantine
- Varughese Santosh
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasconcelos Ana Maria Nogales
- Vasseghian Yasser
- Veisani Yousef
- Velasquez Ilais Moreno
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Vidale Simone
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vongpradith Avina
- Vos Theo
- Vu Giang Thu
- Vujcic Isidora S.
- Vukovic Ana
- Vukovic Rade
- Waheed Yasir
- Wallin Mitchell Taylor
- Walters Magdalene K.
- Wamai Richard G.
- Wang Fang
- Wang Haidong
- Wang Hongbo
- Wang Jiayu
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Ward Joseph L.
- Watson Alexandrea
- Watson Stefanie
- Wei Jingkai
- Wei Melissa Y. Wei
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Daniel J.
- Weiss Jordan
- Welay Fissaha Tekulu
- Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay
- Werdecker Andrea
- West J. Jason
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wilner Lauren B.
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Woldu Gebremariam
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu
- Wondmieneh Adam Belay
- Wool Eve E.
- Wozniak Sarah S.
- Wu Ai-Min
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Junjie
- Wunrow Han Yong
- Xie Yang
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Rixing
- Yadgir Simon
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yaminfirooz Mousa
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaya Sanni
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
- Yearwood Jamal A.
- Yeheyis Tomas Y.
- Yeshitila Yordanos Gizachew
- Yilgwan Christopher Sabo
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- York Hunter W.
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Younker Theodore Patrick
- Yousefi Bahman
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yousefinezhadi Taraneh
- Yousuf Abdilahi Yousuf
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuan Chun-Wei
- Yuce Deniz
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zahabi Saleh Salehi
- Zaidi Syed Saoud
- Zaki Leila
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zakzuk Josefina
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zangeneh Alireza
- Zarafshan Hadi
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zewdie Kaleab Alemayehu
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu-Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheleva Bistra
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Cong
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R. M.
- Zlavog Bianca S.
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study