Caracterização e Desafios da Logística Reversa de Óleos Lubrificantes

Lubricant oil consumption is directly related to economic development, and the consequence of its massive consumption is the generation of large volumes of used or polluted lubricant oil (OLUC, in Portuguese). The widespread use of this product increases the need for alternative means for recovering and reusing oil waste. Including the re-refining processes legally established in Brazil. Reverse logistics is a necessary step of the process. The aim of this article is to characterize the reverse logistics of OLUC in Brazil, and to point out the opportunities and challenges, focusing on the bottlenecks that decrease OLUCs efficiency in the North and Northeast regions of the country. Ann exploratory literature research was conducted to describe the logistics of used lubricant oil in Brazil. The study showed that geographical, technological, regulatory and environmental awareness factors interact and magnify the difficulties of the collection and processing of oil in the North and Northeast regions. The improvement of the collection methods depends on the strengthening of the currently implemented logistics network in these regions.O consumo de óleos lubrificantes está diretamente relacionado ao desenvolvimento econômico, e a consequência do consumo é a geração de volumes cada vez maiores de óleos lubrificantes usados ou contaminados (OLUC). O objetivo geral deste artigo é a caracterização da logística reversa dos OLUC no Brasil, e o apontamento de suas potencialidades e desafios, focando nos gargalos que diminuem sua eficiência nas regiões norte e nordeste do Brasil. O estudo mostrou que fatores geográficos, tecnológicos, regulatórios, e de consciência ambiental, interagem magnificando as dificuldades de coleta e beneficiamento nas regiões norte e nordeste, e que a intensificação da coleta, depende do reforço da rede logística atualmente implementada nestas regiões.&nbsp

Salvador e os sentidos: estratégias de comunicação na web para a construção da marca-cidade

En este artículo analizamos el fenómeno de la marca-lugar en la web. Para ello, examinamos dos videos de propaganda elaborados por el Ayuntamiento de la ciudad de Salvador de Bahía, como una estrategia para atraer a los turistas. En este estudio, buscamos identificar los atributos y valores de la “marca-lugar” de la ciudad de Salvador por intermedio de sus estrategias de comunicación y marketing elaboradas por el órgano de turismo municipal llamado Saltur, en el ambiente propuesto por las redes sociales online, en particular su canal de YouTube.In this article we analyze the phenomenon of place brand in the web environment. Therefore, we present the analysis of two promotional videos developed by Salvador’s town hall, as a strategy to attract tourists. In this study, we identify the attributes and values of Salvador’s place brand through its communication and marketing strategies elaborated by the municipal tourism organ, entitled Saltur, in the environment proposed by online social networks, in particular its Youtube channel.Neste artigo analisamos o fenômeno da marca-lugar no ambiente da web. Para tanto, trazemos a análise de dois vídeos promocionais elaborados pela Prefeitura da cidade de Salvador como estratégia para atração de turistas. Neste estudo, buscamos identificar os atributos e valores da “marca-lugar”, no referido município, por intermédio das estratégias de comunicação e marketing elaboradas pelo órgão de turismo municipal, intitulado Saltur, no ambiente proposto pelas redes sociais on-line, em particular em seu canal do YouTube

Implantação da companhia siderúrgica UBU: avaliação de impacto a partir da matriz insumo-produto do Espírito Santo

The purpose of this article is to measure the socio-economic impacts of Companhia Siderúrgica UBU - CSU an integrated steel project for production of 5 million tons / year of plates in Anchieta, on the south coast of Espírito Santo. Given the size of the project, both in construction and in operation, and considering the infrastructure related thereto, its impacts will entail changes in the production structure, the generation and GDP composition and profile of employment and income. The purpose of this approach is to strengthen the arguments around a positive economic agenda, since a new steel, linked to a port and railways, is presented as a new factor aggregator of systemic competitiveness for the state economy.O objetivo deste artigo é mensurar os impactos socioeconômicos da CompanhiaSiderúrgica UBU - CSU, um projeto de siderúrgica integrada para produção de 5 milhões detoneladas/ano de placas, em Anchieta, no litoral sul do Espírito Santo. Dada a dimensão doprojeto, tanto na fase de construção quanto na de operação, e considerando a infraestrutura aele vinculada, seus impactos provocarão alterações na estrutura produtiva, na geração ecomposição do PIB e no perfil do emprego e da renda. A finalidade dessa abordagem éfortalecer os argumentos em torno de uma agenda econômica positiva, já que uma novasiderúrgica, atrelada a um porto e a ferrovias, se apresenta como um fator novo e agregador decapacidade competitiva sistêmica para a economia capixaba

Evaluación de Viabilidad para la Implementación de Sistemas Híbridos Renovables para el Acceso a la Energía en la Región Amazónica

A Região Amazônica é caracterizada por ter uma floresta densa e heterogênea, rios caudalosos e extensos, os quais dificultam o acesso à energia elétrica, por este motivo, faz parte do Sistema Isolado (SI). O SI é composto por sistemas de menor porte não-conectadosnão conectados ao Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN), os quais os custos de interligações são inviáveis. No cenário atual, as fontes de energia renováveis estão atraindo um grande número de pesquisadores devido à crescente escassez de combustíveis fósseis. Uma das alternativas que vêm sendo estudadas para facilitar o fornecimento de energia nessas localidades, é a utilização de sistemas híbridos renováveis de energia (SH). Dessa forma, o presente estudo visa avaliar o potencial de SH renováveis na Região Amazônica. Para isso, foi elaborado um quadro comparativo dos tipos de energia renovável com potencial de uso nos SH e uma Matriz SWOT por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. A partir da análise desenvolvida, notou-se que há uma quantidade significativa de pontos positivos que combinadas a políticas governamentais de incentivos fiscais e de crédito podem viabilizar a implantação de híbridos de energia renovável.The Amazon Region is characterized by having a dense and heterogeneous forest, large and extensive rivers, which the access to electricity is difficult, for this reason, is insered in the Isolated System (SI). The SI is composed by smaller systems not connected to the National Interconnected System (SIN), which the costs of interconnections are not feasible. In the current scenario, renewable energy sources are attracting a large number of researchers due to the growing scarcity of fossil fuels. One of the alternatives that have been studied to facilitate the supply of energy in these localities is the use of hybrid renewable energy systems (SH). Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the potential of renewable SH in the Amazon Region. For this, a comparative table of the types of renewable energy with potential use in SH and a SWOT Matrix was elaborated through a bibliographic review. From the analysis developed, it was noticed that there are a significant number of positive points that combined with governmental incentive policies of tax and credit can make feasible the implementation of hybrids of renewable energy.La región del Amazonas se caracteriza por tener un bosque denso y heterogéneo, ríos grandes y extensos, que dificultan el acceso a la energia eléctrica, por esta razón, es parte del Sistema Aislado (SI). El SI está compuesto por sistemas más pequeños no conectados que no están conectados al Sistema Interconectado Nacional (SIN), cuyos costos de interconexiones no son factibles. En el escenario actual, las fuentes de energía renovables están atrayendo a un gran número de investigadores debido a la creciente escasez de combustibles fósiles. Una de las alternativas que se han estudiado para facilitar el suministro de energía en estas localidades es el uso de sistemas híbridos de energía renovable (SH). Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el potencial de SH renovables en la Región Amazónica. Para este propósito, se elaboró una tabla comparativa de los tipos de energía renovable con uso potencial en SH y una matriz SWOT a través de una revisión bibliográfica. A partir del análisis desarrollado, se observó que hay una cantidad significativa de puntos positivos que, combinadas con las políticas de incentivos fiscales y crediticios del gobierno, pueden hacer posible la implementación de híbridos de energía renovable

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Flash sintering of the cationic conductor beta-alumina synthesized by the polymeric precursors method.

A beta-alumina de sódio é uma cerâmica condutora de íons Na+ utilizada como eletrólito sólido em baterias de sódio para armazenamento de energias intermitentes como energia solar e eólica. Devido ao alto teor de sódio, esse material é instável a altas temperaturas, podendo sofrer variações de composição durante a etapa de sinterização convencional que utiliza altas temperaturas por longos períodos de tempo. A sinterização flash é uma técnica de sinterização ativada por corrente elétrica que proporciona a densificação de compactos cerâmicos em poucos segundos, a temperaturas notavelmente mais baixas que as convencionais. Uma vez obrigatória a passagem de corrente elétrica através da amostra, a sinterização flash de qualquer material condutor parece bastante razoável. Não obstante, até o presente momento a maioria dos trabalhos publicados sobre o assunto aborda apenas condutores de vacância de oxigênio ou semicondutores, materiais compatíveis com eletrodos de platina (Pt). Nesse trabalho a sinterização flash de um condutor catiônico foi estudada utilizando-se a beta-alumina como material modelo. A beta-alumina foi sintetizada pelo método dos precursores poliméricos, caracterizada e então submetida à sinterização flash. O material de eletrodo padrão (platina) provou ser um eletrodo bloqueador em contato com a beta-alumina. O sucesso da sinterização flash foi determinado pela troca do material de eletrodo por prata (Ag), o que possibilitou uma reação eletroquímica reversível nas interfaces eletrodo-cerâmica e possibilitou a obtenção de um material densificado com morfologia e composição química homogêneas. Devido à metaestabilidade da beta-alumina, a atmosfera dos experimentos precisou ser alterada para manter a integridade desse material rico em um metal alcalino (Na+). A sinterização flash de um condutor catiônico é apresentada pela primeira vez na literatura e ressalta a importância da reação de eletrodo, que é um fator limitante para o sucesso da sinterização flash e precisa ser estudada e adaptada para cada tipo de material.Sodium beta-alumina is a Na+ ions conductor ceramic used as solid electrolyte in sodium batteries for energy storage in solar and eolic plants. Due to its high content of sodium, this material is instable at high temperatures and can suffer decomposition during conventional sintering (high temperatures for long periods of time). Flash sintering is an electric current activated sintering technique which promotes the densification of ceramic powder compacts in a few seconds at significantly lower temperatures than conventional sintering. Since in flash sintering the electric current flows through the sample, the flash sintering of any conductor material seems to be reasonable. Nevertheless, up to this date all published papers concern flash sintering of oxygen vacancies conductors or semi-conductors, materials which are compatible with platinum (Pt) electrodes. In this work the flash sintering of the cationic conductor betaalumina was studied. Beta-alumina was synthetized by the polymeric precursors method, characterized and then it was submitted to flash sintering. Platinum electrode was shown to be a blocking electrode for beta-alumina. Flash sintering success was determined by the change in electrode\'s material to silver (Ag), which made possible the reversible electrochemical reaction at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces and preserved chemical composition and morphology after flash. Due to this electrolyte metastability, atmosphere had to be changed in order to preserve the chemical composition of an alkali-rich (Na+) material such as beta-alumina. The flash sintering of a cationic conductor is shown for the first time in the literature and highlights the relevance of electrode reaction, which is a limiting point to the success of a flash sintering and needs to be well studied and adapted to each type of material

Roadmap for the Implementation of OPERAS National Nodes (OPERAS-PLUS Deliverable 7.2)

This document provides a first roadmap for the implementation of OPERAS national nodes, communities built with the aim of establishing a connection point to outside the OPERAS community, connecting relevant stakeholders in individual countries. The document defines a common approach to all 12 existing nodes for engaging communities and providing OPERAS services nationally, establishing some minimum requirements. An update of this initial document will be provided at M33 (May 2025)

Roadmap for the Implementation of OPERAS National Nodes (OPERAS-PLUS Deliverable 7.2)

This document provides a first roadmap for the implementation of OPERAS national nodes, communities built with the aim of establishing a connection point to outside the OPERAS community, connecting relevant stakeholders in individual countries. The document defines a common approach to all 12 existing nodes for engaging communities and providing OPERAS services nationally, establishing some minimum requirements. An update of this initial document will be provided at M33 (May 2025).AD1E-6981-409A | Delfim Ferreira LeãoN/

Mapping opportunities, needs and challenges: OPERAS and the potential national nodes (OPERAS-PLUS Deliverable 7.1)

Based on the first 18 months of the OPERAS-PLUS project, this deliverable is a natural development of the discussions that take place inside the consortium on how to develop OPERAS national nodes and what are the main challenges faced in this regard. After delivering the Roadmap for the implementation of OPERAS national nodes in month 12, this deliverable has the objective of diving deeper into the current state of OPERAS13(andcounting) national nodes, which are at different levels of development.AD1E-6981-409A | Delfim Ferreira LeãoN/