Study of posthyperventilatory period in panic disorder patients

Universitatea de Stat de Medicină şi Farmacie „N Testemiţanu” , R. Moldova Laboratorul TIMC-IMAG, Universitatea Joseph Fourier, FranţaOur study involves two lines of research: the impact of anxiety on the symptoms that occur during voluntary hyperventilation test and on the respiratory characteristics following overbreathing. The study was performed on the 24 healthy volunteers and 26 panic disorder patients. 23% of patients continued to hyperventilate at the begin of posthyperventilatory period and they presented higher level of symptoms caused by hyperventilation, higher values of state anxiety compared to other panic patients. Our finding confirms the idea about existence of the “respiratory” subgroup of panic disorder patients. Studiu nostru presupune două direcţii de cercetare: impactul anxietăţii asupra simptomelor ce apar în timpul testului cu hiperventilaţie voluntară, cât şi repercusiunile anxietăţii asupra indicilor respiratorii în perioada posthiperventilatorie. Studiul a fost efectuat pe un lot de 24 persoane sănătoase şi un lot de 26 pacienţi suferind de tulburare panică. 23% de pacienţi ce au continuat să hipeventileze după perioada de hiperventilaţie au arătat scoruri mai ridicate a simptomelor provocate de hiperventilaţie şi valori mai elevate ale anxietăţii situaţionale comparativ cu restul pacienţilor. Rezultatele confirmă idea despre existenţa unui subgrup „respirator” de pacienţi suferind de tulburare panică

Synovial effusion and synovial fluid biomarkers in psoriatic arthritis to assess intraarticular tumor necrosis factor-α blockade in the knee joint

Introduction: Evaluation of synovial effusion (SE), synovial fluid (SF) and synovial tissue (ST) biomarkers in relation to disease activity indexes to assess the response to intraarticular (IA) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u3b1 blockers in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods: Systemic and local disease activity indexes (disease activity score [DAS]; the Ritchie articular index [mRAI], erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP); Thompson articular [THOMP] and joint articular [KJAI]-Index ) and ST samples were assessed at baseline, throughout treatment, and during the follow-up in 14 patients affected with PsA who underwent IA injections (0.5 ml - 12.5 mg) in the knee joint of etanercept (E) or placebo (P) once every two weeks for a ten week period. Total SF white blood cell (WBC) counts (WBC/ \u3bcl) and SF cytokine/chemokine (CK/CCK) levels were measured before IA-E at baseline, after IA-E, and as long as there were adequate amounts of SF for knee aspiration (post). Characterization of synovial mononuclear cell infiltration and synovial vessels was carried out in 8/14 knees by staining serial sections of synovial tissue biopsies for CD45, CD3, CD68, CD31 and CD105. Results: At baseline, CRP and/or ESR were significantly correlated with SF-CK (IL-1\u3b2, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8) and CCK (CCL2, CCL3 and CCL4). Post-IA injections, there was a decrease in SE in the knees in which aspiration following IA-E injection was possible as well as a significant reduction in SF WBC/\u3bcl and in SF-CK (TNF-\u3b1, IL- 1\u3b2, IL-1Ra, IL-6 and IL-22). Pre- and post- IAE injections, there were significant correlations between ST markers and SF-CK (IL-1\u3b2 with CD45; IL-1\u3b2 and IL-6 with CD31) and between SF-CCK (CCL4 and CCL3 with CD3). At the end of the study, there was a significant reduction in disease activity indexes (CRP, DAS, RAI, THOMP, KJAI) as well as in the ST markers (CD45; CD3)

The molecular and cellular origin of human prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed male malignancy. Despite compelling epidemiology, there are no definitive aetiological clues linking development to frequency. Pre-malignancies such as proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) yield insights into the initiating events of prostate cancer, as they supply a background "field" for further transformation. An inflammatory aetiology, linked to recurrent prostatitis, and heterologous signalling from reactive stroma and infiltrating immune cells may result in cytokine addiction of cancer cells, including a tumour-initiating population also known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). In prostate tumours, the background mutational rate is rarely exceeded, but genetic change via profound sporadic chromosomal rearrangements results in copy number variations and aberrant gene expression. In cancer, dysfunctional differentiation is imposed upon the normal epithelial lineage, with disruption/disappearance of the basement membrane, loss of the contiguous basal cell layer and expansion of the luminal population. An initiating role for androgen receptor (AR) is attractive, due to the luminal phenotype of the tumours, but alternatively a pool of CSCs, which express little or no AR, has also been demonstrated. Indolent and aggressive tumours may also arise from different stem or progenitor cells. Castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains the inevitable final stage of disease following treatment. Time-limited effectiveness of second-generation anti-androgens, and the appearance of an AR-neuroendocrine phenotype imply that metastatic disease is reliant upon the plasticity of the CSC population, and indeed CSC gene expression profiles are most closely related to those identified in CRPCs

The Herschel-SPIRE Legacy Survey (HSLS): the scientific goals of a shallow and wide submillimeter imaging survey with SPIRE

A large sub-mm survey with Herschel will enable many exciting science opportunities, especially in an era of wide-field optical and radio surveys and high resolution cosmic microwave background experiments. The Herschel-SPIRE Legacy Survey (HSLS), will lead to imaging data over 4000 sq. degrees at 250, 350, and 500 micron. Major Goals of HSLS are: (a) produce a catalog of 2.5 to 3 million galaxies down to 26, 27 and 33 mJy (50% completeness; 5 sigma confusion noise) at 250, 350 and 500 micron, respectively, in the southern hemisphere (3000 sq. degrees) and in an equatorial strip (1000 sq. degrees), areas which have extensive multi-wavelength coverage and are easily accessible from ALMA. Two thirds of the of the sources are expected to be at z > 1, one third at z > 2 and about a 1000 at z > 5. (b) Remove point source confusion in secondary anisotropy studies with Planck and ground-based CMB data. (c) Find at least 1200 strongly lensed bright sub-mm sources leading to a 2% test of general relativity. (d) Identify 200 proto-cluster regions at z of 2 and perform an unbiased study of the environmental dependence of star formation. (e) Perform an unbiased survey for star formation and dust at high Galactic latitude and make a census of debris disks and dust around AGB stars and white dwarfs

RECHERCHE D'UNE METHODE DE MESURE NON-INVASIVE DES RESISTANCES RESPIRATOIRES. EFFETS VENTILATOIRES ET CARDIAQUES DE CHARGES RESISTIVES.

The aim of this work has been to propose a new method for measuring respiratory resistances. This method is based on differences between Rib Cage and Abdomen surface area changes measured by inductance plethysmography. These differences were assessed by various calculation of a Rib Cage-Abdomen distance. Distance between asters (aster = vectorial representation of first four harmonics of the Fourier analysis performed on each breath) appeared to be the most sensitive and reproducible and the less variable. This distance increases significantly in healthy subjects with resistive loads (3 à 13 cmH2O.l-1.s) added during the whole breath, both seated and supine. The distance-resistance regressions lines are parallel for all subjects. This result suggests the possibility for evaluating changes in respiratory resistance by using a pooled slope. An assessment of the method was carried out using recordings performed during methacholine-induced changes in airway resistances. It was found that the Rib Cage-Abdomen distance did not increase with the airway resistance as measured by whole body plethysmography for the whole group of subjects. The resistive loading in healthy subjects resulted in (1) a significant increase in inspiratory and expiratory duration, in tidal volume, a slight decrease in minute ventilation as assessed by slight changes in end tidal CO2, whereas there were no changes in the airflow profile and inspiratory /total duration ratio, and (2) no changes in the mean heart rate but an increase in heart rate variability, due mainly to an increase in respiratory sinus arrhythmia. No significant changes were observed in the specific indicies of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, when comparing breathing at a respiratory frequency obtained by adding a resistive load to breathing at the same imposed respiratory frequency.L'objectif premier de ce travail a été la mise au point d'une méthode nouvelle d'évaluation des résistances respiratoires, basée sur les différences entre les variations de sections du thorax et de l'abdomen, mesurées par pléthysmographie à variation d'inductance. L'évaluation de cette différence a été examinée par différentes formulations de la distance Thorax-Abdomen. C'est la distance entre asters (aster : représentation vectorielle des quatre premières harmoniques d'une décomposition en série de Fourier de chaque cycle respiratoire), qui présente la plus grande sensibilité, la plus faible variabilité et la meilleure reproductibilité. Chez des sujets sains, cette distance augmente significativement avec des charges résistives croissantes (3 à 13 cmH2O.l-1.s), additionnées sur la totalité du cycle respiratoire, aussi bien dans la position assise qu'en décubitus dorsal. Les droites de régressions distances-résistances des différents sujets, sont parallèles entre elles, suggérant la possibilité d'utiliser une droite de pente commune pour évaluer les variations de résistance respiratoire. Un essai de validation de la méthode, au cours de tests à la méthacholine, ne nous a pas permis de montrer une augmentation de la distance Thorax-Abdomen avec la résistance des voies aériennes, mesurée par pléthysmographie corporelle, chez tous les sujets. Au cours d'addition de charges résistives chez le sujet sain, l'étude des caractéristiques ventilatoires et de la variabilité cardiaque a montré (1) une augmentation significative des durées inspiratoires et expiratoires et du volume courant, une faible diminution de la ventilation minute comme en témoigne les faibles variations de la teneur en CO2 du gaz expiré, alors que la forme des cycles respiratoires et le rapport durée inspiratoire/durée totale restent inchangés, et (2) pas de modification de la valeur moyenne de la période cardiaque mais une augmentation de la variabilité, essentiellement en raison d'une augmentation de l'arythmie sinusale d'origine respiratoire. Il n'existe pas de différence significative entre les indices spécifiques de l'arythmie sinusale d'origine respiratoire, à une même fréquence respiratoire, qu'elle résulte d'une addition de résistance ou qu'elle soit obtenue par une ventilation à fréquence imposée

Effets ventilatoire et cardiaque de l'hyperventilation volontaire. Etude chez les volontaires sains et les patients souffrant du trouble panique

L'objectif du travail était l'étude des effets ventilatoires et cardiovasculaires de l'hyperventilation volontaire (HV) ainsi que psychophysiologiques chez les sujets sains et les patients souffrant de trouble panique. Nous avons mené deux études : la première sur des sujets sains sur lesquels le débit ventilatoire, les mouvements du thorax et de l'abdomen, le pourcentage de CO2 dans l'air expiré (FETCO2), l'électrocardiogramme (ECG) ont été enregistre au cours de deux tests d'hyperventilation : l'un à la fréquence de repos (THV) et l'autre à la fréquence de 20 cycles par minute (THV20). La deuxième étude a porté sur un groupe de sujets sains (groupe contrôle) et un groupe de patients souffrant du trouble panique (TP) sur lesquels le débit ventilatoire et l'ECG ont été enregistrés et les niveaux d'anxiété (Spielbergher), de dépression (Beck), du stress (Holmes), des symptômes de troubles fonctionnels (Profil Végétatif) et des symptômes produits par l'hyperventilation ont été évalués. Les variables ventilatoires classiques ont été calculées cycle par cycle. La forme des cycles ventilatoires a été étudiée en calculant les asters (représentation vectorielle des quatre premières harmoniques d'une décomposition en série de Fourier de chaque cycle respiratoire) ainsi que les triads (complexe trivarié: volume courant Vt, temps d'inspiration Ti et d'expiration Te). Les asters et triads ont été comparés dans les différentes conditions en utilisant un test statistique multi-varié (test de similarité). Les composantes du spectre de la période cardiaque, les périodes cardiaques moyennes et les coefficients de variation de la période cardiaque ont été calculés à partir des intervalles RR de l'ECG. Les résultats du test de similarité montrent que la forme du cycle ventilatoire de repos est modifiée au cours de l'hyperventilation volontaire, mais que la forme cycle à l'HV est conservée à un an d'intervalle et aussi pour les périodes d'HV des deux tests THV et TVH20. L'hyperventilation volontaire modifie significativement les caractéristiques de la ventilation (variables et forme du cycle). Cependant, au cours de l'hyperventilation volontaire ces caractéristiques sont conservées à un an d'intervalle et il semble que la personnalité ventilatoire de repos ne se conserve pas au cours de l'HV, mais l'on retrouve une personnalité différente au cours de l'HV. Les variables ventilatoires et leurs coefficients de variation sont modifiés pendant toutes les périodes des deux tests d'hyperventilation. Les variables ventilatoires du groupe contrôle ne sont significativement différentes du groupe TP qu'au cours des trois premières minutes de récupération. La variabilité cardiaque est significativement modifiée au cours des périodes des tests d'hyperventilation volontaire. La variabilité cardiaque est significativement plus faible chez les patients TP que chez les sujets sains et l'analyse des composantes spectrales de la période cardiaque permet de déduire que les patients semblent présenter au repos et pendant l'HV, une activité cardio-vagale plus faible et une activité sympathique plus élevée que les sujets sains. Les patients TP ont des niveaux plus élevés d'anxiété et de dépression que les sujets du groupe contrôle. Au cours des trois première minutes de récupération après l'hyperventilation volontaire à la fréquence de repos, la ventilation est plus élevée chez les sujets présentant une anxiété élevée que chez ceux présentant une anxiété normale à moyenne. Le nombre de symptômes fonctionnels et produits par l'hyperventilation volontaire est aussi plus élevé chez les sujets présentant une anxiété élevée.The aim of this research was the evaluation of the ventilatory and cardiovascular effects the voluntary hyperventilation (HV) and psychophysiological peculiarities in healthy subjects and patients with panic disorder. We performed two studies: we recorded the airflow, thoracic and abdominal movements, percent of the CO2 in expired air (FETCO2), electrocardiogram (ECG) in a group of healthy subjects during the two voluntary hyperventilation tests: at rest frequency (THV) and at 20 breaths per minute (THV20). The second study was performed on the healthy subjects (control group) and panic disorder patients (TP): airflow and ECG were recorded and the levels of anxiety (Spielbergher), depression (Beck), stress (Holmes), functional symptoms (Vegetative Profile) and symptoms generated by voluntary hyperventilation were evaluated. The classical respiratory variables were calculated cycle by cycle. The shape of ventylatory cycles were studied by calculation of asters (vectorial representation of the first four harmonics obtained by Fourier transformation of each respiratory cycle) and triads (trivariate complex tidal volume - Vt, inspiratory - Ti and expiratory - Te times). The asters and triads were compared in different conditions using statistical multivariate test (similarity test). The components of heart periods spectre, mean cardiac periods and their variation coefficients were determined from the RR intervals of ECG. The results of the similarity test show the change of respiratory cycle shape during voluntary hyperventilation compared with rest, but the shape of the cycle during HV is conserved during one year interval and between periods of HV of two tests THV and THV20. Voluntary hyperventilation changes significantly ventilatory characteristics (variables and shape of cycle). However, these characteristics are conserved during voluntary hyperventilation after one year interval and the rest ventilatory personality is not conserved during HV, but the different personality appears during HV. Ventilator variables and their variation coefficients are modified during all periods of the two hyperventilation tests. The ventilatory variables of the control group compared with TP group differ only during first three minutes of recovery. Heart rate variability is significantly modified during all periods of hyperventilation test. Heart rate variability is significantly diminished in TP patients compared with healthy subjects and the analysis of spectral components of cardiac period allows affirming a weaker cardio-vagal activity and higher sympathetic activity compared with the healthy subjects. The TP patients compared with control group have higher levels of anxiety and depression. The ventilation during three minutes of recovery after voluntary hyperventilation at rest frequency is higher in subjects with high anxiety level compared with subjects with normal and mean level of anxiety. The number of functional symptoms and symptoms caused by voluntary hyperventilation is also higher in subjects with high anxiety.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Un modèle fonctionnel simple pour l'interprétation des mesures non invasives de la ventilation.

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