7 research outputs found
Star formation and UV colors of the brightest Cluster Galaxies in the representative XMM-Newton Cluster Structure Survey
We present UV broadband photometry and optical emission-line measurements for
a sample of 32 Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) in clusters of the
Representative XMM-Newton Cluster Structure Survey (REXCESS) with z =
0.06-0.18. The REXCESS clusters, chosen to study scaling relations in clusters
of galaxies, have X-ray measurements of high quality. The trends of star
formation and BCG colors with BCG and host properties can be investigated with
this sample. The UV photometry comes from the XMM Optical Monitor, supplemented
by existing archival GALEX photometry. We detected H\alpha and forbidden line
emission in 7 (22%) of these BCGs, in optical spectra. All of the emission-line
BCGs occupy clusters classified as cool cores, for an emission-line incidence
rate of 70% for BCGs in cool core clusters. Significant correlations between
the H\alpha equivalent widths, excess UV production in the BCG, and the
presence of dense, X-ray bright intracluster gas with a short cooling time are
seen, including the fact that all of the H\alpha emitters inhabit systems with
short central cooling times and high central ICM densities. Estimates of the
star formation rates based on H\alpha and UV excesses are consistent with each
other in these 7 systems, ranging from 0.1-8 solar masses per year. The
incidence of emission-line BCGs in the REXCESS sample is intermediate, somewhat
lower than in other X-ray selected samples (-35%), and somewhat higher than but
statistically consistent with optically selected, slightly lower redshift BCG
samples (-10-15%). The UV-optical colors (UVW1-R-4.7\pm0.3) of REXCESS BCGs
without strong optical emission lines are consistent with those predicted from
templates and observations of ellipticals dominated by old stellar populations.
We see no trend in UV-optical colors with optical luminosity, R-K color, X-ray
temperature, redshift, or offset between X-ray centroid and X-ray peak ().Comment: 19 pages, 18 figures, 6 tables. Submitted, with minor revisions, to
ApJ
Distortions of perceived volume and length of body parts
We experience our body as a 3D, volumetric object in the world. Measures of our conscious body image, in contrast, have investigated the perception of body size along one or two dimensions at a time. There is, thus, a discrepancy between existing methods for measuring body image and our subjective experience of having 3D body. Here we assessed in a sample of healthy adults the perception of body size in terms of its 1D length and 3D volume. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups using different measuring units (other body part and non-body object). They estimated how many units would fit in a perceived size of body segments and the whole body. The patterns of length and volume misperception across judged segments were determined as their perceived size proportional to their actual size. The pattern of volume misperception paints the representation of 3D body proportions resembling those of a somatosensory homunculus. The body parts with a smaller actual surface area relative to their volume were underestimated more. There was a tendency for body parts underestimated in volume to be overestimated in length. Perceived body proportions thus changed as a function of judgement type while showing a similarity in magnitude of the absolute estimation error, be it an underestimation of volume or overestimation of length. The main contribution of this study is assessing the body image as a 3D body representation, and thus extending beyond the conventional âallocentricâ focus to include the body on the inside. Our findings highlight the value of studying the perceptual distortions âat the baselineâ, i.e. in healthy population, so as to advance the understanding of the nature of perceptual distortions in clinical conditions
Light-front holographic QCD and emerging confinement
In this report we explore the remarkable connections between light-front dynamics, its holographic mapping to gravity in a higher-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) space, and conformal quantum mechanics. This approach provides new insights into the origin of a fundamental mass scale and the physics underlying confinement dynamics in QCD in the limit of massless quarks. The result is a relativistic light-front wave equation for arbitrary spin with an effective confinement potential derived from a conformal action and its embedding in AdS space. This equation allows for the computation of essential features of hadron spectra in terms of a single scale. The light-front holographic methods described here give a precise interpretation of holographic variables and quantities in AdS space in terms of light-front variables and quantum numbers. This leads to a relation between the AdS wave functions and the boost-invariant light-front wave functions describing the internal structure of hadronic bound-states in physical space-time. The pion is massless in the chiral limit and the excitation spectra of relativistic light-quark meson and baryon bound states lie on linear Regge trajectories with identical slopes in the radial and orbital quantum numbers. In the light-front holographic approach described here currents are expressed as an infinite sum of poles, and form factors as a product of poles. At large q(2) the form factor incorporates the correct power-law fall-off for hard scattering independent of the specific dynamics and is dictated by the twist. At low q2 the form factor leads to vector dominance. The approach is also extended to include small quark masses. We briefly review in this report other holographic approaches to QCD, in particular top-down and bottom-up models based on chiral symmetry breaking. We also include a discussion of open problems and future applications. (C)) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved