Alien Registration- Boulanger, Alice (Biddeford, York County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/2132/thumbnail.jp

Plant Carbohydrate Scavenging through TonB-Dependent Receptors: A Feature Shared by Phytopathogenic and Aquatic Bacteria

TonB-dependent receptors (TBDRs) are outer membrane proteins mainly known for the active transport of iron siderophore complexes in Gram-negative bacteria. Analysis of the genome of the phytopathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), predicts 72 TBDRs. Such an overrepresentation is common in Xanthomonas species but is limited to only a small number of bacteria. Here, we show that one Xcc TBDR transports sucrose with a very high affinity, suggesting that it might be a sucrose scavenger. This TBDR acts with an inner membrane transporter, an amylosucrase and a regulator to utilize sucrose, thus defining a new type of carbohydrate utilization locus, named CUT locus, involving a TBDR for the transport of substrate across the outer membrane. This sucrose CUT locus is required for full pathogenicity on Arabidopsis, showing its importance for the adaptation to host plants. A systematic analysis of Xcc TBDR genes and a genome context survey suggested that several Xcc TBDRs belong to other CUT loci involved in the utilization of various plant carbohydrates. Interestingly, several Xcc TBDRs and CUT loci are conserved in aquatic bacteria such as Caulobacter crescentus, Colwellia psychrerythraea, Saccharophagus degradans, Shewanella spp., Sphingomonas spp. or Pseudoalteromonas spp., which share the ability to degrade a wide variety of complex carbohydrates and display TBDR overrepresentation. We therefore propose that TBDR overrepresentation and the presence of CUT loci designate the ability to scavenge carbohydrates. Thus CUT loci, which seem to participate to the adaptation of phytopathogenic bacteria to their host plants, might also play a very important role in the biogeochemical cycling of plant-derived nutrients in marine environments. Moreover, the TBDRs and CUT loci identified in this study are clearly different from those characterized in the human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which allow glycan foraging, suggesting a convergent evolution of TBDRs in Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes

Status of the SALTO demonstrator: project overview and first on-sky operations

SALT

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Alien Registration- Boulanger, Alice (Biddeford, York County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/2132/thumbnail.jp

Ruptures du récit: la discontinuité narratives dans les romans du XXe siècle

« Le monde se compose de tessons qui s’éparpillent, c’est un obscur chaos incohérent que seule l’écriture maintient. » Ces mots d’Imre Kertész accordent à l’écriture la force de sauver un monde en perpétuelle désagrégation. Or une telle écriture ne peut déboucher que sur une forme en péril, tendue entre un chaos menaçant et une cohérence toujours visée, jamais atteinte, exhibant ses propres tâtonnements et s’enfantant dans la douleur. Les articles réunis dans ce volume ont pour objet les trous, brisures et montages de la prose narrative au xxe siècle – entre autres dans les oeuvres de Handke, Simon, Perec, Levi, Tabucchi, Kertész, Glissant, pour qui le récit ne saurait être qu’un champ de forces où s’affrontent désir de totalité et menace de désintégration. Dans cette forme discontinue où nombre d’écrivains et de critiques voient la marque même de la modernité, la recherche formelle est inextricablement liée à un questionnement politique : le désordre du récit implique une réflexion sur l’Histoire et sur la possibilité de l’écrire. La forme hachée à laquelle aboutissent les auteurs peut être l’indice d’une faillite, le récit échouant à représenter l’irreprésentable. Mais elle peut aussi se voir investie d’une valeur critique : contre le mensonge d’une forme lisse, le récit discontinu, revenant inlassablement sur lui-même, se fait l’instrument d’une réflexion que le lecteur est invité à poursuivre

Analyse d'un nouveau système CUT impliqué dans l'acquisition et l'utilisation du N-acétylglucosamine par Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

La lecture comme dévoilement (roman et émergence du sens chez Joyce (Ulysses), Döblin (Berlin Alexanderplatz), Jahnn (Perrudja) et Broch (die Schlafwandler))

À leur parution, ces quatre romans ont été associés en raison de ressemblances stylistiques prononcées. Leur parenté est mise à jour à travers quatre axes de lecture : la genèse et la réception des œuvres, qui font émerger de réelles convergences ; la forme narrative qui, en associant divers procédés, cherche simultanément à représenter le monde et à revenir sur les conditions de la représentation ; la mise en place d'un deuxième niveau de lecture à travers l'intertextualité et l'herméneutique, et enfin l'élaboration d'une structure cyclique qui n'apparaît pas de façon immédiate, mais régit tous les aspects de l'œuvre. L'étude de ces quatre axes révèle que les auteurs entretiennent une ambition similaire, celle d'associer l'émergence du sens à l'élaboration formelle, et en corollaire, de ne faire émerger ce sens qu'au terme d'un travail d'interprétation dont la responsabilité revient essentiellement au lecteur.When these four novels were published, critics were immediately struck by ressemblances in their style. Their common points will be discussed under four main headings : the writing of the novels and the reception they met with, which display strong similarities ; the combination of various narrative devices by which the authors seek both to represent the world and to reflect on the process of representing ; their use of intertextuality and hermeneutics in order to create a second level of meaning ; and finally, the cyclical structure which does not strike the reader at first sight, but which is of paramount importance at every level of the novels. These four headings demonstrate that the authors share a common ambition : they wish to subordinate meaning to form, and also to an interpretative process which devolves essentially on the reader, who takes full responsibility for it.PARIS3-BU (751052102) / SudocSudocFranceF