Sublime et performativité de la littérature chez Schiller

Cette étude vise à analyser le concept du sublime depuis la question de la puissance qu'il peut conditionner lorsqu'il est associé à une oeuvre littéraire. L'article se focalise sur la pensée de Schiller qui développe une notion du sublime liée à une expérience forte de l'art. Cette conception se décline tant dans les essais théoriques de l'auteur que dans ses écrits poétiques. Aussi, est-ce bien à partir de ce double champ que nous tentons de développer cette problématique, elle-même au croisement de la philosophie et de la littérature, visant ultimement à dégager les conditions d'une certaine performativité du régime littéraire du langage

Nerval traduit Schiller. De l’ici à l’ailleurs, dynamique d’une poétique de la traduction.

Dans cet article, nous nous pencherons sur la traduction faite par Nerval des poèmes de Schiller. D’abord, nous tenterons de dégager de la poésie schillérienne les images que prête Schiller à l’ailleurs, afin de montrer à la fois le sens qu’elles prennent dans l’ensemble de sa poétique et l’écho singulier qu’elles ont dans la pensée de Nerval, qui les traduit. Le but de cette première analyse est de mettre en lumière les concordances existant entre les deux poètes. Sur cette base, l’examen plus précis de la traduction proposée par Nerval viendra, en deuxième lieu, interroger les éventuels glissements sémantiques induits par l’opération de traduction. Il s’agira de montrer comment la traduction nous dévoile les liens complexes qui unissent deux conceptions de l’art à la fois semblables et divergentes. L’idée de l’ailleurs et son articulation avec l’ici, loin d’être arbitraires, semblent se révéler constitutives du processus même de traduction, mais aussi du rapport de Nerval à l’écriture poétique en général. Ce sont ces deux points que tentera de mettre en lumière la troisième partie de cette étude

Le Lobby Européen des Femmes

Le Lobby Européen des Femmes est créé en 1990 à l’initiative de fonctionnaires de l’Union européenne (UE), dans un contexte d’institutionnalisation du féminisme transnational. S’inspirant du réseau européen de femmes peu structuré né en 1983 (ENOW), ses objectifs sont d’informer les associations de femmes et d’influencer les institutions européennes en leur faveur. Après plusieurs vagues d’élargissement en vingt-cinq ans, ce lobby est devenu la plus grande coalition d’organisations de femmes d’Europe, regroupant deux mille sept cent associations dans trente pays : les vingt-huit états de l’UE, la Turquie et la République de Macédoine. Malgré le nombre et la diversité culturelle de ces membres, il se positionne fermement sur des sujets polémiques, s’affirmant pro-choix et abolitionniste

Von der Beredsamkeit der Aufklärung zur Rhetorik der Revolution oder von der Idee zur Tat.

Der Artikel in diesem Handbuch fasst die politische Rhetorik in Deutschland und Frankreich im 18. Jahrhundert zusammen und liefert eine ausführliche Bibliographie

Construction-based teaching of the German caused motion and intransitive constructions to Italian learners

German caused motion constructions and intransitive constructions constitute a challenge for learners. The learning difficulties depend not only on the syntactic structure, but also on the correct selection of a placement or posture verb and the specification of morpho-syntactic cases, as illustrated in the following examples: (1) Im Deutschen muss man ein Komma zwischen Hauptsatz und Nebensatz setzen. [caused motion] Lit. ‘In German must one a comma between main sentence and subordinate sentence [ACCUSATIVE] set’ (2) Im Deutschen muss ein Komma zwischen Hauptsatz und Nebensatz stehen. [intransitive] Lit. ‘In German must a comma between main sentence and subordinate sentence [DATIVE] stand’. Even more difficult are such constructions when placement or posture verbs are used in so-called ‘Funktionsverbgefüge’ (Eisenberg (2006) or Van Pottelberge (2001)), e.g. in Verbindung setzen (lit. ‘to set into contact’ = ‘to get in touch’), in den Vordergrund stellen (lit. ‘to put into the foreground’ = ‘to place special emphasis on’). Surprisingly, neither scientific literature nor teaching manuals for German deal with these issues in a systematic way. Some few studies focus on one specific aspect, i.e. posture verbs (De Knop 2014; Kutscher & Schultze-Berndt 2007), or causative placement verbs (Berthele 2012; Fagan 1991). Our study wants to make up for this gap. Starting with a critical overview of teaching manuals for German, it then reports on a study conducted with 2 groups of Italian learners of German (B2-C1 level) at the University of Milano and aiming at comparing a traditional with a constructionist teaching methodology. After a pretest consisting in the translation of Italian sentences with caused motion or intransitive constructions in German, both groups were taught according to different methodologies. The control group received traditional lessons based on the semantic use of placement or posture verbs and the selection of case marking depending on the preposition in the construction. The test group was taught according to a new constructionist methodology which starts from the caused motion and the intransitive constructions and the lexical and syntactic realization within these constructions. The results of the posttests show promising results with the constructionist teaching strategy. Not only does it allow to explain foreign structures in a more precise way, but it makes it possible to teach several issues simultaneously and in a more comprehensive and holistic way. With the constructionist approach it is also possible to extend the analysis to the collocational uses of the causative and posture verbs in German and to describe the variety with these verbs

Agences immobilières sociales et règles régionales de salubrité : une mise au point bienvenue

Agences immobilières sociales et règles régionales de salubrité : une mise au point bienvenu

Environmental regulation and eco-innovation: insights from diffusion of innovations theory

The paper analyses the relationship between environmental regulation and environmental innovation with insights from the diffusion of innovations theory. We base the analysis on three theoretical approaches: neoclassical, evolutionary and induced innovation. The relationship is tested using a German firm-based panel and a count data model. We estimate the propensity of firms to innovate in response to five initiating factors, namely the fulfillment of existing legal requirements, expectations towards future legal requirements, financial incentives, demand for environmental innovations and self-commitment. We also check for the relevance of the interactions between policy instruments as well as the influence of internal factors and path dependency. In addition, we control for R&D intensity, the region, the sector of the company and filter for companies that account for their environmental impact. The results answer the central question concerning the design of environmental policies in order to foster innovation. Comparing a static model to a dynamic one, we show that only long term objectives and market incentives are positively associated with environmental innovation. Conventional regulatory tools, namely legally binding instruments, are not effective for triggering innovative behaviour at the firm level. Lastly, we show that the threat of future environmental regulation is a necessary condition for self-regulation

La protection administrative des biens culturels

Le chapitre vise à dresser le portrait des biens culturels en Belgique et du régime de protection qui s’y applique (I). Notre imbroglio institutionnel rajoute de la saveur à cet éventail de règles déjà assez complexe. L’un des effets majeurs du régime de protection mis en place par le droit public administratif est de régler la sortie des biens culturels en dehors du territoire national et en dehors du territoire européen (II). On clôturera le tableau par une analyse de la situation du propriétaire et des éventuels mécanismes d’indemnisation auxquels il peut avoir droit en contrepartie de la charge subie suite aux mesures protectrices (III)

Sentiment d’appartenance et indifférence à l’Europe. Quand des jeunes s’en mêlent (ou pas)

Cette contribution aborde la question du rôle joué par les émotions des citoyens dans leur rapport à l’Europe, quand les études européennes s’en sont assez peu souciées. Certes, après 1992 (et la ratification difficile du traité de Maastricht), et plus encore après 2005 (et l’échec de la ratification du Traité Constitutionnel), des interrogations sur la « légitimité » du projet européen ont emmené dans leur sillage la question de l’attachement. Notamment à travers l’hypothèse d’un sentiment d’appartenance à l’Europe jugé globalement défaillant. Cependant, celui-ci demeure mal cerné par le biais des sondages Eurobaromètres, qui n’échappent pas à l’opposition dénoncée par Norbert Elias entre raison et sentiment. Dans le même temps, la question de l’indifférence des citoyens à l’Europe reste peu investiguée dans des schémas prisonniers des approches (« soutien versus rejet ») léguées par les études sur l’euroscepticisme. Dans le cadre d’une recherche collective portant sur l’acceptation sociale de l’UE comme espace de régulation, six entretiens collectifs avec des groupes de quatre à sept jeunes (âgés de 16 à 26 ans) ont été organisés en 2013-2014 dans différents quartiers de Bruxelles, offrant d’autres points de vue sur ces questions. L’enquête part de l’hypothèse qu’un ordre politique ne peut prétendre à la légitimité que si les citoyens s’orientent d’après les représentations qu’ils se font de cet ordre (Weber). Partant de là, on tentera de montrer que le « repérage d’empreintes émotives individuelles » n’est pas seulement utile pour rendre compte d’engagements politiques forts. Il l’est aussi pour comprendre des formes de désengagement et de retrait qui se révèlent irréductibles à une absence de sentiments vis-à-vis de l’Europe, et parfois compatibles avec une connaissance approfondie de « ce dont on parle »

Report: A Framework for Studying Communities of Practice in a Media Cluster Context

This report is a framework for studying media communities of practice in a media cluster context, which introduces the concepts of communities of practice and explains how do we plan to study them. It aims to provide a framework for researching communities through which media workers share and develop new work practices. Communities of practice are groups of people, formal or informal, where members are sharing knowledge and develop practices (Wenger, 1998). They are of noticeable interest as they are linking workers and companies with each other, and are a valuable asset for clusters as they are seen as means to foster cooperation and innovation, which are key elements for a cluster success. Even if they were not referred to as communities of practice per se, various works and studies on clusters identified places, groups or individuals helping knowledge and innovation to spread as essential for a working and successful cluster. Innovation is a core purpose for clusters, and anything that can foster it is much valued. This report is divided in three main parts: the first part is a theoretical approach towards communities of practice, with some examples and a look at different approaches, the second part consists in the elaboration of the seven parameters (places, proximity, pertinence, profile, path-dependency, policies and performance) for studying communities of practice, and the final part introduces different methods we could use to study communities of practice in the Brussels media sector. In the first part, after giving an illustration of what are media communities of practice in Brussels, we discuss different approaches and concepts that will contribute to identify, study and analyse communities of practices in the Brussels media sphere and to understand how media workers develop practices while interacting with each other. Thus the first part presents the state-of-the-art on communities of practice, addresses how this concept first appeared and has been studied and analysed, and discusses the most frequently used definitions and characteristics. This will help us to define what are the different characteristics making a community of practice relevant for our research. The second part of this report elaborates further the seven parameters identified in Deliverable 1.1b from the perspective of communities of practice. The first parameter, place, identifies the physical location and concentration of existing communities of practice in Brussels. The second parameter, proximity, points out the different kinds of links or interconnections existing between different communities of practice and between the members of these communities. The third parameter, pertinence, addresses the domain of these communities (are they relevant for media clusters?) and their composition. The fourth parameter, profile, analyses the profiles and roles of the members of communities of practice. The fifth parameter, path-dependency, looks at the different historical and institutional factors that can explain why communities of practice are how they are today. The sixth parameter, policies, approaches the different official frameworks, actions, incentives and legal statutes that impede, encourage or regulate communities of practice. Finally, the seventh parameter, performance, analyses the benefits that media workers and media organisations in a cluster gain from participating in communities of practice. Through the analysis of these 7 parameters the study will provide important insights to consider for implementing new communities of practice or supporting better existing ones, and thereby bringing a fresh dynamic in the Brussels media sector. The third part of this report is a preliminary approach to the main methods that researchers use to study communities of practice: ethnographic studies, (semi-) structured interviews and surveys.This report is a framework for studying media communities of practice in a media cluster context, which introduces the concepts of communities of practice and explains how do we plan to study them. It aims to provide a framework for researching communities through which media workers share and develop new work practices. Communities of practice are groups of people, formal or informal, where members are sharing knowledge and develop practices (Wenger, 1998). They are of noticeable interest as they are linking workers and companies with each other, and are a valuable asset for clusters as they are seen as means to foster cooperation and innovation, which are key elements for a cluster success. Even if they were not referred to as communities of practice per se, various works and studies on clusters identified places, groups or individuals helping knowledge and innovation to spread as essential for a working and successful cluster. Innovation is a core purpose for clusters, and anything that can foster it is much valued. This report is divided in three main parts: the first part is a theoretical approach towards communities of practice, with some examples and a look at different approaches, the second part consists in the elaboration of the seven parameters (places, proximity, pertinence, profile, path-dependency, policies and performance) for studying communities of practice, and the final part introduces different methods we could use to study communities of practice in the Brussels media sector. In the first part, after giving an illustration of what are media communities of practice in Brussels, we discuss different approaches and concepts that will contribute to identify, study and analyse communities of practices in the Brussels media sphere and to understand how media workers develop practices while interacting with each other. Thus the first part presents the state-of-the-art on communities of practice, addresses how this concept first appeared and has been studied and analysed, and discusses the most frequently used definitions and characteristics. This will help us to define what are the different characteristics making a community of practice relevant for our research. The second part of this report elaborates further the seven parameters identified in Deliverable 1.1b from the perspective of communities of practice. The first parameter, place, identifies the physical location and concentration of existing communities of practice in Brussels. The second parameter, proximity, points out the different kinds of links or interconnections existing between different communities of practice and between the members of these communities. The third parameter, pertinence, addresses the domain of these communities (are they relevant for media clusters?) and their composition. The fourth parameter, profile, analyses the profiles and roles of the members of communities of practice. The fifth parameter, path-dependency, looks at the different historical and institutional factors that can explain why communities of practice are how they are today. The sixth parameter, policies, approaches the different official frameworks, actions, incentives and legal statutes that impede, encourage or regulate communities of practice. Finally, the seventh parameter, performance, analyses the benefits that media workers and media organisations in a cluster gain from participating in communities of practice. Through the analysis of these 7 parameters the study will provide important insights to consider for implementing new communities of practice or supporting better existing ones, and thereby bringing a fresh dynamic in the Brussels media sector. The third part of this report is a preliminary approach to the main methods that researchers use to study communities of practice: ethnographic studies, (semi-) structured interviews and surveys