Sdn-based network slicing mechanism for a scalable 4g/5g core network

Funding Information: Acknowledgments: This work was supported in part by the Business Finland under the project 5G Finnish Open Research Collaboration Ecosystem (5G-FORCE) and Academy of Finland under Project No. 319003. This work has been performed in the framework of the H2020 project 5G-SMART, co-funded by the EU. The authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of their colleagues. This information reflects the consortium’s view, but the consortium is not liable for any use that may be made of any of the information contained therein. Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Business Finland under the project 5G Finnish Open Re-search Collaboration Ecosystem (5G-FORCE) and Academy of Finland under Project No. 319003. This work has been performed in the framework of the H2020 project 5G-SMART, co-funded by the EU. Funding Information: Funding: This work was supported in part by the Business Finland under the project 5G Finnish Open Re-search Collaboration Ecosystem (5G-FORCE) and Academy of Finland under Project No. 319003. This work has been performed in the framework of the H2020 project 5G-SMART, co-funded by the EU. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Managing the large volumes of IoT and M2M traffic requires the evaluation of the scala-bility and reliability for all the components in the end-to-end system. This includes connectivity, mobile network functions, and application or services receiving and processing the data from end devices. Firstly, this paper discusses the design of a containerized IoT and M2M application and the mechanisms for delivering automated scalability and high availability when deploying it in: (1) the edge using balenaCloud; (2) the Amazon Web Services cloud with EC2 instances; and (3) the dedi-cated Amazon Web Services IoT service. The experiments showed that there are no significant differences between edge and cloud deployments regarding resource consumption. Secondly, the solutions for scaling the 4G/5G network functions and mobile backhaul that provide the connectivity between devices and IoT/M2M applications are analyzed. In this case, the scalability and high availability of the 4G/5G components are provided by Kubernetes. The experiments showed that our proposed scaling algorithm for network slicing managed with SDN guarantees the necessary radio and network resources for end-to-end high availability.Peer reviewe

Concurrent Alzheimer's disease-related pathology lowers the threshold for developing dementia in argyrophilic grain disease

Background: Argyrophilic grain disease (AGD) constitutes a neurodegenerative disorder that occurs in the brains of the elderly and affects 5% of all patients with dementia, tan-protein-containing lesions known as argyrophilic grains in neuronal processes and coiled bodies in oligodendrocytes characterize this disease. Dementia is encountered in only a subset of cases that display the morphological pattern of AGD at autopsy. Objective: To determine the role of concurrent Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology for the development of dementia in AGD patients. Methods: Autopsy brains from 30 demented and 49 non-demented AGD patients, from 46 AD patients and from 86 non-demented controls without AGD were staged for the distribution of AD-related neurofibrillary changes and amyloid 13-protein (AI3) deposits. To identify differences in the distribution of AD-related pathology between demented and non-demented AGD cases, and to differentiate the pattern of AD-related changes in AGD cases from that seen in AD and non-demented controls, we compared the distribution of AI3-deposits and neurofibrillary changes among these groups of cases. Differences in the stages of the distribution of neurofibrillary changes and A[3-deposits among these groups were analyzed statistically. Conclusions: Demented AGD patients exhibited significantly higher stages of AD-related AI3-deposition and neurnfibrillary tangle pathology as compared to non-demented AGD cases, but significantly lower stages of both lesions compared to AD without AGD. In conclusion, AGD is a clinically relevant neurodegenerative entity that significantly lowers the threshold for developing dementia when it is associated with AD-related pathology

High peak-current-density strained-layer In0.3Ga0.7As/Al0.8Ga0.2As resonant tunneling diodes grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

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