Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Bygglogistikens roll i cirkul\ue4ra materialfl\uf6den

6kad cirkularitet \ue4r en viktig del i samh\ue4llsbyggnadssektorns h\ue5llbarhetsomst\ue4llning. Tidigare studier visar att bygglogistik \ue4r en kn\ue4ckfr\ue5ga f\uf6r att uppn\ue5 cirkul\ue4ra materialfl\uf6den. Syftet med forskningsprojektet \ue4r d\ue4rmed att kartl\ue4gga bygglogistikens roll som m\uf6jligg\uf6rare f\uf6r cirkul\ue4ra materialfl\uf6den i samh\ue4llsbyggnadssektorn, inklusive behov av att anpassa existerande l\uf6sningar eller utveckla helt nya l\uf6sningar. Bygglogistik f\uf6r cirkul\ue4ra materialfl\uf6den omfattar planering, organisering, koordinering och kontroll av materialfl\uf6den fr\ue5n demontering av material till \ue5terbruk vid nybyggnation eller renovering. Studien fokuserar p\ue5 den n\ue4st h\uf6gsta niv\ue5n i avfallshierarkin, \ue5terbruk. Genom litteraturstudier, intervjuer med branschrepresentanter och kartl\ue4ggning av empiriska exempel identifieras fyra principiella s\ue4tt (scenarios) att organisera bygglogistik vid \ue5terbruk. Inom varje s\ue5dant scenario finns varierande s\ue4tt att planera och utf\uf6ra bygglogistik utifr\ue5n aktiviteter, resurser och akt\uf6rer. Rapporten inneh\ue5ller ett antal empiriska exempel p\ue5 bygglogistikl\uf6sningar f\uf6r \ue5terbrukbart material f\uf6r varje scenario. Det \ue4r centralt att tidigt i processen t\ue4nka igenom logistikgenomf\uf6randet och planera f\uf6r vilket/vilka scenarios som ska ing\ue5. Inom ett enskilt byggprojekt kan ocks\ue5 flera scenarios ing\ue5: olika l\uf6sningar f\uf6r olika materialslag. Det finns ett behov av en koordinatorroll f\uf6r cirkul\ue4ra materialfl\uf6den i byggprojekt. En m\uf6jlighet \ue4r att kombinera bygglogistik f\uf6r \ue5terbruk med nyproducerat material och/eller avfallsfl\uf6den f\uf6r att \uf6ka resurseffektiviteten i befintlig logistikinfrastruktur. Nyproducerat, \uf6verblivet material p\ue5 byggarbetsplatserna b\uf6r ing\ue5 i initiativ f\uf6r att \uf6ka \ue5terbruk. Bygglogistikl\uf6sningar kan utformas separat f\uf6r enskilda materialslag, flera materialslag tillsammans eller som systeml\uf6sning med "alla” materialslag. Det finns ett utvecklingsbehov av digitala logistikplaneringssystem som omfattar identifiering, sp\ue5rbarhet, materialinventering och lagersaldon f\uf6r \ue5terbrukbart material. \uc4ven kunskap och kompetens om hur \ue5terbrukat material ska hanteras logistikm\ue4ssigt \ue4r centralt, exempelvis kr\ue4vs mer varsamma metoder f\uf6r materialhantering. Behovet av l\uf6sningar f\uf6r emballering av \ue5terbrukbart material \ue4r stort. Bygglogistik f\uf6r cirkul\ue4ra materialfl\uf6den inneb\ue4r att n\ue4tverket av akt\uf6rer p\ue5verkas. Privat och offentliga best\ue4llare har en nyckelroll utifr\ue5n kravst\ue4llning p\ue5 \ue5terbruk och logistikl\uf6sningar. F\uf6r logistikakt\uf6rerna finns m\uf6jlighet att \uf6ka utbudet av logistiktj\ue4nster och att uppn\ue5 h\uf6gre volymer. En potentiell f\uf6r\ue4ndring \ue4r nya logistikakt\uf6rer som etablerar sig med fokus p\ue5 cirkul\ue4ra materialfl\uf6den och \ue5terbruk. Rentalbolagen utm\ue4rker sig som koordineringsexperter och aff\ue4rsmodeller som bygger p\ue5 att cirkulera produkter och tillh\uf6rande tj\ue4nster mellan olika byggprojekt. F\uf6r entrepren\uf6rerna inneb\ue4r \ue5terbruk en \uf6kad och annorlunda materialhantering p\ue5 byggarbetsplatserna. F\uf6r materialleverant\uf6rerna finns m\uf6jlighet att kliva fram och inkludera \ue5terbrukbart material. \uc5VC:er har en mycket viktig roll som fysiska noder f\uf6r cirkul\ue4ra materialfl\uf6den, inklusive materialhantering, transporter och lagerh\ue5llning vilket m\uf6jligg\uf6r ett utbyte mellan k\uf6pare och s\ue4ljare. \uc4ven digitala marknadsplatser, likt CCBuild, har en viktig roll i \uf6kade cirkul\ue4ra materialfl\uf6den

Primary cilia are critical for Sonic hedgehog-mediated dopaminergic neurogenesis in the embryonic midbrain

Gazea M, Tasouri E, Tolve M, et al. Primary cilia are critical for Sonic hedgehog-mediated dopaminergic neurogenesis in the embryonic midbrain. Developmental Biology. 2015;409(1):55-71

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018) : a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points