Effect of Anesthesia on Microelectrode Recordings During Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery:A Narrative Review

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective surgical treatment for patients with various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Clinical improvements rely on careful patient selection and accurate electrode placement. A common method for target localization is intraoperative microelectrode recording (MER). To facilitate MER, DBS surgery is traditionally performed under local or regional anesthesia. However, sedation or general anesthesia is sometimes needed for patients who are unable to tolerate the procedure fully awake because of severe motor symptoms, psychological distress, pain, or other forms of discomfort. The effect of anesthetic drugs on MER is controversial but likely depends on the type and dose of a particular anesthetic agent, underlying disease, and surgical target. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the current literature on the anesthetic drugs most often used for sedation and anesthesia during DBS surgery, with a focus on their effects on MERs

The model ecosystem approach in ecotoxicology as illustrated with a study on the fate and effects of an insecticide in stagnant freshwater microcosms

This paper deals with freshwater model ecosystems as tools for assessing the potential hazards of pesticides in aquatic ecosystems. Examples are given of the types of information that can be obtained with these test systems. The advantages and drawbacks of model ecosystems are discussed. It is concluded that model ecosystems are capable of providing valuable data for hazard assessment of pesticides, particularly to assess factors that determine the fate of pollutants, to validate the significance of single-species toxicity tests, to gain insight into secondary (indirect) effects, and to assess the (potential) recovery of populations of species affected by pesticide contamination

Thirty years of research on Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (1986–2016): Scientific advances and emerging opportunities

Research on the coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) has waxed and waned over the last few decades, mostly in response to population outbreaks at specific locations. This review considers advances in our understanding of the biology and ecology of CoTS based on the resurgence of research interest, which culminated in this current special issue on the Biology, Ecology and Management of Crown-of-Thorns Starfish. More specifically, this review considers progress in addressing 41 specific research questions posed in a seminal review by P. Moran 30 years ago, as well as exploring new directions for CoTS research. Despite the plethora of research on CoTS ( > 1200 research articles), there are persistent knowledge gaps that constrain effective management of outbreaks. Although directly addressing some of these questions will be extremely difficult, there have been considerable advances in understanding the biology of CoTS, if not the proximate and ultimate cause(s) of outbreaks. Moving forward, researchers need to embrace new technologies and opportunities to advance our understanding of CoTS biology and behavior, focusing on key questions that will improve effectiveness of management in reducing the frequency and likelihood of outbreaks, if not preventing them altogether

The disulphide isomerase DsbC cooperates with the oxidase DsbA in a DsbD-independent manner

In Escherichia coli , DsbA introduces disulphide bonds into secreted proteins. DsbA is recycled by DsbB, which generates disulphides from quinone reduction. DsbA is not known to have any proofreading activity and can form incorrect disulphides in proteins with multiple cysteines. These incorrect disulphides are thought to be corrected by a protein disulphide isomerase, DsbC, which is kept in the reduced and active configuration by DsbD. The DsbC/DsbD isomerization pathway is considered to be isolated from the DsbA/DsbB pathway. We show that the DsbC and DsbA pathways are more intimately connected than previously thought. dsbA - dsbC - mutants have a number of phenotypes not exhibited by either dsbA - , dsbC - or dsbA - dsbD - mutations: they exhibit an increased permeability of the outer membrane, are resistant to the lambdoid phage φ80, and are unable to assemble the maltoporin LamB. Using differential two-dimensional liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis, we estimated the abundance of about 130 secreted proteins in various dsb - strains. dsbA - dsbC - mutants exhibit unique changes at the protein level that are not exhibited by dsbA - dsbD - mutants. Our data indicate that DsbC can assist DsbA in a DsbD-independent manner to oxidatively fold envelope proteins. The view that DsbC's function is limited to the disulphide isomerization pathway should therefore be reinterpreted.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72894/1/MMI_6030_sm_Tables_S1-S4.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72894/2/MMI_tables_s1-s4.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72894/3/j.1365-2958.2007.06030.x.pd

Pre-treatment fertility preservation and post-treatment reproduction in long-term survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer

Purpose: To describe recall of fertility-related consultations and cryopreservation and to examine reproductive goals and reproduction post-treatment in long-term survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) (age, 18–39 years) cancer. Methods: This study included n = 1457 male and n = 2112 female long-term survivors (M age = 43–45 years; 5–22 years from diagnosis) who provided self-report. Clinical data were supplied by the Netherlands Cancer Registry.Results: Most male survivors (72.7%) recalled fertility-related consultations and 22.6% completed sperm cryopreservation. Younger age (OR = 2.8; 95%CI [2.2–3.6]), not having children (OR = 5.0; 95%CI [3.2–7.7]), testicular cancer or lymphoma/leukemia (OR = 2.8/2.5 relative to “others”), and more intense treatments (OR = 1.5; 95%CI [1.1–2.0]) were associated with higher cryopreservation rates. Time since diagnosis had no effect. Of men who cryopreserved, 12.1% utilized assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Most men (88.5%) felt their diagnosis did not affect their reproductive goals, but 7.6% wanted no (additional) children due to cancer. Half of female survivors (55.4%; n = 1171) recalled fertility-related consultations. Rates of cryopreservation were very low (3.6%), but increased after 2013 when oocyte cryopreservation became non-experimental. Of women who cryopreserved, 13.2% successfully utilized ART. Most women (74.8%) experienced no effects of cancer on reproductive goals, but 17.8% wanted no (additional) children due to cancer. Conclusions: Cryopreservation in men varied by patient/clinical factors and was very low in women, but data of more recently treated females are needed. Utilizing cryopreserved material through ART was rare, which questions its cost-effectiveness, but it may enhance survivors’ well-being. Implications for Cancer Survivors: The extent to which cryopreservation positively affects survivors’ well-being remains to be tested. Moreover, effects of cancer on reproductive goals require further attention, especially in women who refrain from having children due to cancer.</p

Pre-treatment fertility preservation and post-treatment reproduction in long-term survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer

Purpose: To describe recall of fertility-related consultations and cryopreservation and to examine reproductive goals and reproduction post-treatment in long-term survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) (age, 18–39 years) cancer. Methods: This study included n = 1457 male and n = 2112 female long-term survivors (M age = 43–45 years; 5–22 years from diagnosis) who provided self-report. Clinical data were supplied by the Netherlands Cancer Registry.Results: Most male survivors (72.7%) recalled fertility-related consultations and 22.6% completed sperm cryopreservation. Younger age (OR = 2.8; 95%CI [2.2–3.6]), not having children (OR = 5.0; 95%CI [3.2–7.7]), testicular cancer or lymphoma/leukemia (OR = 2.8/2.5 relative to “others”), and more intense treatments (OR = 1.5; 95%CI [1.1–2.0]) were associated with higher cryopreservation rates. Time since diagnosis had no effect. Of men who cryopreserved, 12.1% utilized assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Most men (88.5%) felt their diagnosis did not affect their reproductive goals, but 7.6% wanted no (additional) children due to cancer. Half of female survivors (55.4%; n = 1171) recalled fertility-related consultations. Rates of cryopreservation were very low (3.6%), but increased after 2013 when oocyte cryopreservation became non-experimental. Of women who cryopreserved, 13.2% successfully utilized ART. Most women (74.8%) experienced no effects of cancer on reproductive goals, but 17.8% wanted no (additional) children due to cancer. Conclusions: Cryopreservation in men varied by patient/clinical factors and was very low in women, but data of more recently treated females are needed. Utilizing cryopreserved material through ART was rare, which questions its cost-effectiveness, but it may enhance survivors’ well-being. Implications for Cancer Survivors: The extent to which cryopreservation positively affects survivors’ well-being remains to be tested. Moreover, effects of cancer on reproductive goals require further attention, especially in women who refrain from having children due to cancer.</p

Pair-matched patient-reported quality of life and early oncological control following focal irreversible electroporation versus robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

Purpose: The design, conduct and completion of randomized trials for curative prostate cancer (PCa) treatments are challenging. To evaluate the effect of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) versus focal irreversible electroporation (IRE) on patient-reported quality of life (QoL) and early oncological control using propensity-scored matching. Methods: Patients with T1c–cT2b significant PCa (hig

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02