Comm-entary, Spring 2005 - Full Issue

In this issue War Photography: The Effects of Soldiers Becoming Photojournalists by Samantha Jason The Political Advertising of the 2004 Presidential Race: The Effects on the Consumer Sphere by Lauren Sica The Perils of Indifference : Elie Wiesel\u27s Rhetoric of Hope by Melissa LaSalle A Case Study in Gender Breaching by Molly Conley Influencing Viewers to Perceive Characters Positively: Interaction of Grammar Variables and Content in Goodfellas by Jennifer Kelley The Two Tiers of Television by Michael Parisi Teen Magazines and Lack of Young Female Voters by Rachel Russell The Rhetoric of the Self-Portrait by Lara Wolfso

Reclaiming Civility: Towards Discursive Opening in Dialogue and Deliberation

In the midst of polarization often linked to incivility and a 'call out' culture, this paper re-imagines the role of civility. Moving away from reductionist definitions that claim civility is either oppressive or merely politeness, the authors argue for a civility that invites dissent and generates discursive openings. In this sense, civility in dialogue and deliberation settings fosters the conditions for managing the dialectic of calling out and while calling in. Arguing discursive openings are a better guideline for productive dialogue than civility, the authors draw on their work to suggest two conditions that foster civility towards discursive opening in situ. First, dialogue and deliberation designers can invite gracious contestation into the conversation through ground rules that prepare participants for earnest disagreement. The second condition that fosters discursive opening through civil deliberation is to bring forth contested language particular to issues and identities, and allow participants to determine the meaning rather than prescribe meanings that ultimately influence identities and policy. In this conception civility is what is needed to incite constructive conflict rather than used to quell conflict. The most important question becomes not was the conversation civil? But, will the conversation continue

Diseño de mejora del proceso logístico y su incidencia en la rentabilidad de la empresa Servicios Generales WG & LE SRL- Cajamarca 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo: Determinar como un diseño de procesos logísticos incide en la rentabilidad de la empresa de servicios generales WG & LE SRL – Cajamarca 2021. Para lograrlo, se propuso un diseño de mejora del proceso logístico para determinar su incidencia en la rentabilidad de la empresa, donde se diagnosticó, diseñó y analizó dicha propuesta. La investigación es de tipo cuasi experimental, con enfoque cuantitativo, se hizo uso de un muestreo por conveniencia de 30 personas que laboran en dicha empresa. Como técnicas de acopio de datos, se aplicaron: la encuesta y observación directa y como instrumentos: el cuestionario y una guía de observación de campo. El análisis de datos y consolidación de resultados se realizó mediante Softwares: Microsoft Word, Excel, que permitieron representar los resultados en tablas y graficas estadísticas, además de implementar un diseño de mejora del proceso logístico y determinar su incidencia en la rentabilidad en la empresa. Se fijaron los aspectos éticos para salvaguardar la integridad de nuestros colaboradores. Luego de la discusión de los resultados sustentados mediante los antecedentes, marco teórico, se llegó a la conclusión: se logró reducir el costo de almacenamiento por unidades a S/ 17.15 de S/. 31.75, también la tasa de entrega cumplidas aumento en un 95.65% de 78.40%, se aumentó el margen de utilidad neta del 36% a un 44 % y el rendimiento de la inversión del 57% al 78%. siendo muy significativo para la empresa, concluyendo finalmente, que un diseño de mejora del proceso logístico incide significativamente en la rentabilidad de la empresa de Servicios Generales WG & LE SRL. de Cajamarca 2021

Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Prevalence and Cognitive Performance. A cross-sectional study

Background Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome (MCR) is a predementia stage where slow gait speed and subjective memory complaints are present. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of MCR and assess its relationship with sociodemographic factors and chronic conditions. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the SABE Colombia study conducted in 2015. The analytic sample consisted of 17·577 participants. After determining MCR prevalence, logistic regression was performed to examine the correlates of MCR. Findings The prevalence of MCR was 10·71 %. The median age was 71 years and women composed 74·63 % of the MCR group. After adjusting for confounding variables MCR was associated with increasing age (OR 1·69, CI 1·43 - 1·92), no or low education (OR 1·99, CI 1·67- 2·37), MMSE (OR 0·93, CI 0·91 - 0·95) and chronic conditions such as mental disorders (OR 1·36, CI 1·11-1·67), history of myocardial infarction (OR 1·24, CI 1·04 - 1·47), hypertension (OR 1·23, CI 1·08 - 1·40) and diabetes (OR 1.18, CI 1.01 – 1.37). Interpretation This study found a prevalence of 10·71 % of MCR in Colombian older adults. Additionally, MCR was associated with chronic conditions and sociodemographic factors identified in prior studies. These results increase the awareness of a novel predementia stage whose identification can be performed by clinicians in the outpatient clinic, minimizing the cost of a full neuropsychologic evaluation performed in a memory clinic.publishedVersio

Ensayos sobre economía regional en Colombia

168 p.El objetivo de este libro es hacer aportes novedosos al análisis regional de temas que cuentan con una generosa discusión literaria en el ámbito nacional, pero que usualmente están limitados a la discusión académica y de contexto en dicho ámbito de acción. En tal sentido, se convida al lector a reflexionar sobre visiones territoriales especializadas en materia de tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, migración, paridad de poder de compra, crecimiento económico y mercado laboral, cuyas propuestas específicas en cada campo procuran contribuir al debate económico con visiones alternativas que favorezcan el desarrollo de medidas de política pertinentes a la actual coyuntura, el fortalecimiento de la gestión empresarial y la evaluación de las acciones emprendidas por parte de los hacedores de política y el público en general. En orientación al cumplimiento de estos propósitos, la obra está conformada por cinco capítulos. Cada uno de estos aborda una propuesta con enfoque y tratamiento independiente de los demás aquí expuestos, por lo que se recomienda al lector obviar el orden de presentación, que no sigue una causalidad secuencial.This book aims to present innovative contributions to the regional analysis of topics that have been amply discussed at the national level, but which are usually limited to academic discussion and to context in that area of action. In this regard, the reader is invited to reflect on territorial views that specialize in information and communications technology, migration, purchasing power parity, economic growth, and labor market; the specific proposals in each field seek to contribute to the economic debate with alternative visions that favor the development of relevant policy measures for the current situation, while strengthening business management and the evaluation of the actions undertaken by policymakers and the general public. In order to fulfill this purpose, the book is divided into five chapters. Each of them addresses a topic with an approach and treatment that are independent from the others presented here. Thus, the reader is advised to dismiss the order of chapters, since they do not follow a sequential structure.Prólogo Agradecimientos Capítulo I. Reconfiguración de los patrones de migración interregional en Colombia (2005-2013): empleo, actividad económica y sistema nacional de ciudades (Camila Espinosa Borda-Hernán Darío Enríquez Sierra) Capítulo II. Paridad de poder de compra regional en Colombia (Juan Pablo Cardoso Torres-Henry Antonio Mendoza Tolosa) Capítulo III. Inversión en tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) y desempeño de las empresas industriales: una visión departamental para Colombia (Arley Duvan Espinel Farías-Madeleine Gil Ángel) Capítulo IV. Estructura del crecimiento regional en Colombia: diferencias departamentales y factor espacial (Sandra Milena Durán Peña-Andrés Eduardo Borrero) Capítulo V. Desempleo y tasa global de participación en Colombia: una perspectiva regional por medio de las siete ciudades principales (Jacobo Campo Robledo-Jennifer Pinto Gaitán)168 p

Síndrome de Burnout en estudiantes de internado del Hospital Universidad del Norte

Resumen Objetivo: Establecer el comportamiento y los factores de riesgo asociados al Síndrome de Burnout (SB) en estudiantes de último año de medicina en en el internado rotatorio I y II, en el Hospital Universidad del Norte en el 2006. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de la población de 55 estudiantes de último año en in- ternado rotatorio I y II de ambos sexos. Se empleó encuesta autodiligenciada anónima sobre características sociodemográficas, laborales y la escala de Maslach. Se procesaron y presentaron los datos utilizando SPSS. Se efectuó análisis univariado y bivariado para establecer tendencia a la asociación entre la variable dependiente SB y las independientes mediante Chi cuadrado y valor de

Kinetics of H2–O2–H2O redox equilibria and formation of metastable H2O2 under low temperature hydrothermal conditions

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2011): 1594-1607, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.12.020.Hydrothermal experiments were conducted to evaluate the kinetics of H2(aq) oxidation in the homogeneous H2-O2-H2O system at conditions reflecting subsurface/near-seafloor hydrothermal environments (55-250 oC and 242-497 bar). The kinetics of the water-forming reaction that controls the fundamental equilibrium between dissolved H2(aq) and O2(aq), are expected to impose significant constraints on the redox gradients that develop when mixing occurs between oxygenated seawater and high- temperature anoxic vent fluid at near-seafloor conditions. Experimental data indicate that, indeed, the kinetics of H2(aq)-O2(aq) equilibrium become slower with decreasing temperature, allowing excess H2(aq) to remain in solution. Sluggish reaction rates of H2(aq) oxidation suggest that active microbial populations in near-seafloor and subsurface environments could potentially utilize both H2(aq) and O2(aq), even at temperatures lower than 40 oC due to H2(aq) persistence in the seawater/vent fluid mixtures. For these H2-O2 disequilibrium conditions, redox gradients along the seawater/hydrothermal fluid mixing interface are not sharp and microbially-mediated H2(aq) oxidation coupled with a lack of other electron acceptors (e.g. nitrate) could provide an important energy source available at low-temperature diffuse flow vent sites. More importantly, when H2(aq)-O2(aq) disequilibrium conditions apply, formation of metastable hydrogen peroxide is observed. The yield of H2O2(aq) synthesis appears to be enhanced under conditions of elevated H2(aq)/O2(aq) molar ratios that correspond to abundant H2(aq) concentrations. Formation of metastable H2O2 is expected to affect the distribution of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) owing to the existence of an additional strong oxidizing agent. Oxidation of magnetite and/or Fe++ by hydrogen peroxide could also induce formation of metastable hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through Fenton-type reactions, further broadening the implications of hydrogen peroxide in hydrothermal environments.This research was conducted with partial support from the NSF OCE-0752221 and the Geophysical Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship. We would also like to acknowledge contributions by the W.M. Keck Foundation and Shell towards supporting the hydrothermal lab at the Geophysical Lab. SMS acknowledges support from NSF OCE-0452333 and the Alfried-Krupp Wissenschaftskolleg Greifswald (Germany), while WES acknowledges support from NSF grants OCE-0549457 and OCE- 0813861

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Standardised Data on Initiatives – STARDIT: Beta Version

There is currently no standardised way to share information across disciplines about initiatives, including felds such as health, environment, basic science, manufacturing, media and international development. All problems, including complex global problems such as air pollution and pandemics require reliable data sharing between disciplines in order to respond efectively. Current reporting methods also lack information about the ways in which diferent people and organisations are involved in initiatives, making it difcult to collate and appraise data about the most efective ways to involve diferent people. The objective of STARDIT (Standardised Data on Initiatives) is to address current limitations and inconsistencies in sharing data about initiatives. The STARDIT system features standardised data reporting about initiatives, including who has been involved, what tasks they did, and any impacts observed. STARDIT was created to help everyone in the world fnd and understand information about collective human actions, which are referred to as ‘initiatives’. STARDIT enables multiple categories of data to be reported in a standardised way across disciplines, facilitating appraisal of initiatives and aiding synthesis of evidence for the most effective ways for people to be involved in initiatives

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication