Antirassismus in der Kunstgeschichte: ein (unfertiger) Leitfaden von CARAH (Collective for Anti-Racist Art History)

Kunst, visuelle Repräsentationen, aber auch die Kunstgeschichte haben zur Etablierung und Festigung von rassistischen Stereotypen und Strukturen beigetragen und tun dies noch immer. Trotz ihres impliziten Anspruchs auf universale Gültigkeit ist die hierzulande unterrichtete Kunstgeschichte von einer eurozentristischen beziehungsweise westlichen Perspektive geprägt. Der kunsthistorische Kanon umfasst mehrheitlich Werke weisser Künstler*innen, die von weissen Kunsthistoriker*innen aus dem globalen Norden besprochen werden. Noch immer reflektieren zu wenige Wissenschaftler*innen ihre eigene Position und das im Fach oft normalisierte Weisssein in der Beschäftigung mit Kunst und Künstler*innen. Mit dem vorliegenden Leitfaden möchten wir nicht nur aufzeigen, wie rassistische Sicht- und Arbeitsweisen sowie Sprachkomplexe in die kunstwissenschaftliche Arbeit, Lehre, Forschung und in das universitäre Umfeld eingeschrieben sind, sondern ein konkretes Angebot für die Etablierung antirassistischer und inklusiver Denk- und Handlungsmuster machen. Im Folgenden denken wir über race im Hinblick auf die Produktion und Rezeption von Kunst nach, dies nicht zuletzt in Verbindung mit anderen Differenzkategorien wie Klasse, Geschlechtsidentität, Sexualität, Religionszugehörigkeit, körperliche und geistige Fähigkeiten und Beeinträchtigungen. Nur so können zukunftsorientierte, auf Diversität und Teilhabe fokussierende, antirassistische Vorgehensweisen in der Kunstgeschichte angestossen werden. Wir verfolgen daher einen offenen und dialogbasierten Ansatz, um Studierenden, aber auch Lehrenden des Faches ein Arbeitspapier zu reichen, das Orientierung geben und Anregung für neue Blickwinkel, Erwartungen und Beziehungen sein kann. Wir verstehen den Leitfaden als einen ersten Vorschlag, der unsere – ebenfalls suchende – Position widerspiegelt

Relationships of Sun-Protection Habit Strength with Sunscreen Use During Outdoor Sport and Physical Activity

The objective of this cross-sectional questionnaire study was to assess associations of a self-report index of sun protection habit strength with sunscreen use in sporting environments and outdoor physical activity. Participants (n = 234) in field hockey, soccer, tennis and surf sports in Queensland, Australia, completed a self-administered survey on sun protection during organized sport, and during general outdoor physical activity during 2005/2006. The sun protection habit strength index was dichotomized into two categories. Multinomial logistic regression analyses assessed the associations of low versus high sun protection habit strength with three categories of sunscreen use (no or rare use; inadequate use; and adequate use). Compared to participants with low sun protection habit strength, those with high sun protection habit strength had significantly greater odds of any sunscreen use during organized sport and during general outdoor physical activity. This association was strongest for adequate sunscreen use in both settings. In conclusion, this study suggests that the measure of sun protection habit strength is a potentially useful assessment tool for future sun protection studies

AFM Imaging of Mercaptobenzoic Acid on Au(110) : Submolecular Contrast with Metal Tips

A self-assembled monolayer of mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) on Au(110) is investigated with scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy (STM and AFM) and density functional calculations. High-resolution AFM images obtained with metallic tips show clear contrasts between oxygen atoms and phenyl moieties. The contrast above the oxygen atoms is due to attractive covalent interactions, which is different than previously reported high-resolution images, where Pauli repulsion dominated the image contrast. We show that the bonding of MBA to the substrate occurs mainly through dispersion interactions, whereas the thiol-Au bond contributes only a quarter of the adsorption energy. No indication of Au adatoms mediating the thiol-Au interaction was found in contrast to other thiol-bonded systems. However, MBA lifts the Au(110)-(2 × 1) reconstruction

Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers

Correction: Nature Communications 10 (2019): art. 4386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12095-8Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (r(g) = 0.57, p = 4.6 x 10(-8)), breast and ovarian cancer (r(g) = 0.24, p = 7 x 10(-5)), breast and lung cancer (r(g) = 0.18, p = 1.5 x 10(-6)) and breast and colorectal cancer (r(g) = 0.15, p = 1.1 x 10(-4)). We also found that multiple cancers are genetically correlated with non-cancer traits including smoking, psychiatric diseases and metabolic characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant excess contribution of conserved and regulatory regions to cancer heritability. Our comprehensive analysis of cross-cancer heritability suggests that solid tumors arising across tissues share in part a common germline genetic basis.Peer reviewe

Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers

Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (r(g) = 0.57, p = 4.6 x 10(-8)), breast and ovarian cancer (r(g) = 0.24, p = 7 x 10(-5)), breast and lung cancer (r(g) = 0.18, p = 1.5 x 10(-6)) and breast and colorectal cancer (r(g) = 0.15, p = 1.1 x 10(-4)). We also found that multiple cancers are genetically correlated with non-cancer traits including smoking, psychiatric diseases and metabolic characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis revealed a significant excess contribution of conserved and regulatory regions to cancer heritability. Our comprehensive analysis of cross-cancer heritability suggests that solid tumors arising across tissues share in part a common germline genetic basis

Switching and charging of a ruthenium dye on Ag(111)

International audienc

Submolecular resolution in scanning probe images of Sn-phthalocyanines on Cu(1 0 0) using metal tips

| openaire: EC/FP7/610446/EU//PAMSSingle Sn-phthalocyanine (SnPc) molecules adsorb on Cu(1 0 0) with the Sn ion above (Sn-up) or below (Sn-down) the molecular plane. Here we use a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and first principles calculations to understand the adsorption configuration and origin of observed contrast of molecules in the Sn-down state. AFM with metallic tips images the pyrrole nitrogen atoms in these molecules as attractive features while STM reveals a chirality of the electronic structure of the molecules close to the Fermi level EF, which is not observed in AFM. Using density functional theory calculations, the origin of the submolecular contrast is analysed and, while the electrostatic forces turn out to be negligible, the van der Waals interaction between the phenyl rings of SnPc and the substrate deform the molecule, push the pyrrole nitrogen atoms away from the substrate and thus induce the observed submolecular contrast. Simulated STM images reproduce the chirality ofthe electronic structure near EF.Peer reviewe