The Effect of Extraction Methods on Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities and Phytochemical Components of Galium Aparine L.

DergiPark: 772976trkjnatGalium aparine L. (yoğurt otu), Rubiaceae familyasına ait yıllık otsu bir bitkidir. Çeşitli biyoaktif bileşenler içerdiğinden terapötik etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ekstraksiyon yöntemlerinin bitkinin biyoaktif bileşen miktarına etkisini incelemektir. Biyoaktif bileşenlerin miktarındaki değişiklik doğrudan antioksidan ve antidiyabetik aktiviteyi etkiler. Bu çalışmada yoğurt otu kullanılarak çözücünün metanol olduğu soxhlet, maserasyon ve ultrasonik olmak üzere 3 farklı ekstraksiyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ekstraktların fitokimyasal bileşeni hem kalitatif hem de kantitatif olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ekstraktlarda en fazla flavonoid, tanen ve fenolik bileşik içeren ekstraktın, soxhlet ekstraksiyonu sonucu elde edilen ekstrakt olduğu bulundu. Soxhlet ekstraktı, 131.827 kuersetin asit eşdeğeri (QE)/g, flavonoidler, 825.4 gallik asit eşdeğeri (GAE)/g, fenolik bileşikler 366.998 mg tallik asit eşdeğeri (TAE)/g tanenler içerir. İçerdiği fenolik bileşik, flavonoidler ve tanenlerle, soxhlet ekstraktının ?- amilaz inhibisyon etkisine (%46) ve diğer ekstraktlardan çok daha fazla radikal temizleme etkinliğine sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Galium aparine L. is an annual herbaceous plant of Rubiaceae family. It has therapeutic effects as contains various bioactive components. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extraction methods on the amount of phytochemical components of G. aparine. The change in the amount of bioactive components directly affects antioxidant and antidiabetic activity. In this study, three different extraction methods, soxhlet, maceration and ultrasonic, using methanol as solvent, were used and the extractions were performed using of G. aparine. The phytochemical components of the extracts was analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The soxhlet extraction showed that it contained the highest amount of flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, compared to the other two extraction methods. Obtained soxhlet extraction contained 131.827 g quercetin acid equivalent (QE) flavonoids, 825.4 g as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) phenolic compunds, 366.998 mg as tallic acid (TAE) of tannins. Due to the high amount of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins it contains, soxhlet extract has been shown to have ?-amylase inhibition effect (46%) and much more radical scavenging activity than other extracts

Kritik bakım hastaları ve bakım verenlerinin transfer anksiyetesi

Introduction: Family physicians play an important role for their critically ill patients and their caregivers. Both admission and discharge in the critical care units can cause anxiety in the patients and their family caregivers. The aim of the study was to investigate transfer anxiety in patients and their caregivers due to being transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This is a descriptive study that was carried out through interviewing patients and their caregivers who were hospitalized in the ICU and then transferred out due to the improvement of their general condition. The data was collected by using a Questionnaire Form and the StateTrait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results: A total of 170 individuals (85 patients and 85 family caregivers) were involved in the study. The patient’s anxiety scores were higher than their caregivers and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The patients and their caregivers’ mean anxiety scale scores after the transfer were higher in comparison with the mean scores before the transfer(p<0.001). Conclusions: Transfer anxiety in patients and their caregivers due to being transferred from the ICU was confirmed. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to make the necessary adjustments to prevent transfer anxiety in critical care patients. In this process, involvement of family physicians of such patients is crucial.Giriş: Aile hekimleri, kritik hastaları ve onların bakım veren yakınları için önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Kritik bakım ünitelerine hem kabul hem de taburculuk, hastalarda ve ailede kaygıya neden olabilir. Çalışmanın amacı, yoğun bakım ünitesinden (YBÜ) transfer edilmesinden dolayı hastalar ve bakım verenlerinde transfer kaygısını araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Bu araştırma, yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırılan ve daha sonra genel durumlarının iyileşmesi nedeniyle nakledilen hastalar ve bakım verenleriyle görüşülerek yapılan tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın verileri Anket Formu ve Durumluk Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (STAI) kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 170 kişi (85 hasta ve 85 aile üyesi) dahil edildi. Hasta anksiyete ölçeği skorları bakım veren aile üyelerinkinden daha yüksekti ve fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0.001). Hasta ve bakım veren yakınlarının anksiyete ölçeği ortalama skorları transfer öncesine göre transfer sonrası daha yüksekti ve fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0.001). Sonuç: Hasta ve yakınlarının transfer anksiyetesi deneyimledikleri onaylanmış oldu. Sağlık uzmanları, kritik bakım hastalarında transfer kaygısını önlemek için gerekli düzenlemeleri yapmaya teşvik edilmektedir. Bu süreçte, bu tür hastaların aile hekimlerinin müdahil olması çok önemlidi

Transfer anxiety in critical care patients and their caregivers

Introduction: Both admission and discharge in the critical care units can cause anxiety in the patients and their family caregivers. Coordination and integration of primary and secondary healthcare is important for those individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the transfer anxiety in patients and their caregivers due to being transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: This is a descriptive study that was carried out through interviewing with the patients and their caregivers who were hospitalized in the ICU and then transferred out due to the improvement of their general condition. The data of the study were carried out by using a Questionnaire Form and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).Results: A total of 170 individuals (85 patients and 85 family caregivers) were involved in the study. The patient’s anxiety scores were higher than their caregivers and the difference was statistically significant (p lt;0.001). The patients and their caregivers’ mean anxiety scale scores after the transfer were higher in comparison with the mean scores before the transfer and the difference was statistically significant (p lt;0.001). Conclusions: Patients and their caregivers experience transfer anxiety due to being transferred from the ICU. Therefore, healthcare professionals are encouraged to make the necessary adjustments to prevent transfer anxiety. In this process, the involvement of primary healthcare professionals, in particular family physicians and nurses, who know them closely is crucial

DMLR: Data-centric Machine Learning Research -- Past, Present and Future

Drawing from discussions at the inaugural DMLR workshop at ICML 2023 and meetings prior, in this report we outline the relevance of community engagement and infrastructure development for the creation of next-generation public datasets that will advance machine learning science. We chart a path forward as a collective effort to sustain the creation and maintenance of these datasets and methods towards positive scientific, societal and business impact.Comment: This editorial report accompanies the inaugural Data-centric Machine Learning Research (DMLR) Workshop that took place at ICML 2023 https://dmlr.ai

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt s = 13 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions

Search for an L-mu - L-tau gauge boson using Z -> 4 mu events in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for a narrow Z' gauge boson with a mass between 5 and 70 GeV resulting from an L-mu - L-tau U (1) local gauge symmetry is reported. Theories that predict such a particle have been proposed as an explanation of various experimental discrepancies, including the lack of a dark matter signal in direct-detection experiments, tension in the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and reports of possible lepton flavor universality violation in B meson decays. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 77.3 fb(-1) recorded in 2016 and 2017 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Events containing four muons with an invariant mass near the standard model Z boson mass are analyzed, and the selection is further optimized to be sensitive to the events that may contain Z -> Z'mu mu -> 4 mu decays. The event yields are consistent with the standard model predictions. Upper limits of 10(-8)-10(-7) at 95% confidence level are set on the product of branching fractions B(Z -> Z'mu mu)B(Z' -> mu mu), depending on the Z' mass, which excludes a Z' boson coupling strength to muons above 0.004-0.3. These are the first dedicated limits on L-mu - L-tau models at the LHC and result in a significant increase in the excluded model parameter space. The results of this search may also be used to constrain the coupling strength of any light Z' gauge boson to muons. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Measurement of electroweak WZ boson production and search for new physics in WZ + two jets events in pp collisions at √s=13TeV

A measurement of WZ electroweak (EW) vector boson scattering is presented. The measurement is performed in the leptonic decay modes WZ→ℓνℓ′ℓ′, where ℓ,ℓ′=e,μ. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV at the LHC collected with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The WZ plus two jet production cross section is measured in fiducial regions with enhanced contributions from EW production and found to be consistent with standard model predictions. The EW WZ production in association with two jets is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.2 (2.5) standard deviations. Constraints on charged Higgs boson production and on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-eight effective field theory operators are also presented

Measurement of the t(t)over-bar production cross section, the top quark mass, and the strong coupling constant using dilepton events in pp collisions at root s=13TeV

A measurement of the top quark-antiquark pair production cross section sigma(t (t) over bar) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016. Dilepton events (e(+/-) mu(-/+), mu(+) mu(-), e(+) e(-)) are selected and the cross section is measured from a likelihood fit. For a top quark mass parameter in the simulation of m(t)(MC) = 172.5 GeV the fit yields a measured cross section sigma(t (t) over bar) = 803 +/- 2 (stat) +/- 25 (syst) +/- 20 (lumi) pb, in agreement with the expectation from the standard model calculation at next-to-next-to-leading order. A simultaneous fit of the cross section and the top quark mass parameter in the POWHEG simulation is performed. The measured value of m(t)(MC) = 172.33 +/- 0.14 (stat)(-0.72)(+0.66) (syst) GeV is in good agreement with previous measurements. The resulting cross section is used, together with the theoretical prediction, to determine the top quark mass and to extract a value of the strong coupling constant with different sets of parton distribution functions.Peer reviewe