Distribuição espacial de Calacarus Heveae feres na cultura da seringueira em Marinópolis - São Paulo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a distribuição espacial de Calacarus heveae Feres (Acari: Eriophyidae) na cultura da seringueira, tendo como base um monitoramento realizado com lupa de bolso. A área experimental, localizada em Marinópolis, São Paulo, com 1.000 plantas do clone RRIM 600, foi dividida em 100 parcelas de 10 plantas cada uma. Foram realizadas 16 coletas no período de dezembro de 2007 a junho de 2008. Nas coletas foram amostradas duas plantas por parcela, retirando-se de cada uma extremidade de ramo com 30 cm de comprimento. No laboratório, os ácaros foram avaliados com o uso de lupa de bolso de 20X de aumento, em seis folíolos por parcela, sendo três de cada ramo. A contagem dos ácaros foi realizada em duas áreas de 1 cm² na página superior dos folíolos, uma de cada lado da nervura principal. Os índices de dispersão estudados foram: razão variância/média (I), índice de Morisita (Id), coeficiente de Green (Cx) e expoente k da distribuição binomial negativa. C. heveae apresenta distribuição agregada em área de cultivo de seringueira. A distribuição espacial do ácaro ajusta-se ao modelo de distribuição binomial negativa

Paleoflora y Paleovegetación Ibérica III: Holoceno

International audienc

Paleoflora y Paleovegetación Ibérica III: Holoceno

International audienc

Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): the Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the International Society of Chemotherapy (ISC) for Infection and Cancer.

International audienc

Edoxaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation

Contains fulltext : 125374.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Edoxaban is a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor with proven antithrombotic effects. The long-term efficacy and safety of edoxaban as compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation is not known. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy trial comparing two once-daily regimens of edoxaban with warfarin in 21,105 patients with moderate-to-high-risk atrial fibrillation (median follow-up, 2.8 years). The primary efficacy end point was stroke or systemic embolism. Each edoxaban regimen was tested for noninferiority to warfarin during the treatment period. The principal safety end point was major bleeding. RESULTS: The annualized rate of the primary end point during treatment was 1.50% with warfarin (median time in the therapeutic range, 68.4%), as compared with 1.18% with high-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.79; 97.5% confidence interval [CI], 0.63 to 0.99; P<0.001 for noninferiority) and 1.61% with low-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 1.07; 97.5% CI, 0.87 to 1.31; P=0.005 for noninferiority). In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was a trend favoring high-dose edoxaban versus warfarin (hazard ratio, 0.87; 97.5% CI, 0.73 to 1.04; P=0.08) and an unfavorable trend with low-dose edoxaban versus warfarin (hazard ratio, 1.13; 97.5% CI, 0.96 to 1.34; P=0.10). The annualized rate of major bleeding was 3.43% with warfarin versus 2.75% with high-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.91; P<0.001) and 1.61% with low-dose edoxaban (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.55; P<0.001). The corresponding annualized rates of death from cardiovascular causes were 3.17% versus 2.74% (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97; P=0.01), and 2.71% (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.96; P=0.008), and the corresponding rates of the key secondary end point (a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, or death from cardiovascular causes) were 4.43% versus 3.85% (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.96; P=0.005), and 4.23% (hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.05; P=0.32). CONCLUSIONS: Both once-daily regimens of edoxaban were noninferior to warfarin with respect to the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism and were associated with significantly lower rates of bleeding and death from cardiovascular causes. (Funded by Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development; ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00781391.)