AFIKSASI PADA KARANGAN ANAK DI SDN JATIWARINGIN 1: SUATU KAJIAN BERDASARKAN PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara mendalam mengenai afikasi yang terdapat pada karangan anak di SDN Jatiwaringin 1, Kota Bekasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi. Masalah pada penelitian ini terdapat pada afiksasi yang terdapat pada karangan anak di SDN Jatiwaringin 1. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti berperan sebagai instrumen kunci, sedangkan instrumen pendukung dibantu oleh tabel analisis kerja. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan pada Oktober 2017 s.d. Januari 2018. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah 30 karangan anak kelas 5 di SDN Jatiwaringin 1. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 30 karangan anak yang diteliti, ditemukan 17 bentuk afiks yang terdapat pada proses prefiksasi, sufiksasi, konfiksasi, dan klofiksasi. Proses infiksasi tidak ditemukan pada data. 17 bentuk afiks tersebut membentuk tiga ketegori kelas kata, yaitu verba, nomina, dan ajektiva. Pembentukan kata dengan afiksasi ditemukan pada bentuk dasar berupa kata dasar, reduplikasi, kompositum dan kosakata asing. Afiksasi yang dikaji berdasarkan pemerolehan bahasa menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan usia kronologisnya, bentuk afiksasi yang terdapat pada karangan anak kelas 5 SD di SDN Jatiwaringin 1 telah melampaui usia kronologis pemerolehan bahasa anak 5 tahun. Sementara itu, dilihat dari satuan pembentuk morfem yang dikaji melalui PUR, pemerolehan bahasa anak kelas 5 di SDN Jatiwarigin 1 telah berada pada tahap 5 dari lima tahapan pemerolehan bahasa pertama.  Kata Kunci: Afiksasi, Karangan Anak, Pemerolehan Bahas

AFIKSASI PADA KARANGAN ANAK DI SDN JATIWARINGIN 1 : SUATU KAJIAN BERDASARKAN PEMEROLEHAN BAHASA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara mendalam mengenai afikasi yang terdapat pada karangan anak di SDN Jatiwaringin 1, Kota Bekasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis isi. Masalah pada penelitian ini terdapat pada afiksasi yang terdapat pada karangan anak di SDN Jatiwaringin 1. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti berperan sebagai instrumen kunci, sedangkan instrumen pendukung dibantu oleh tabel analisis kerja. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini dilakukan pada Oktober 2017 s.d. Januari 2018. Objek pada penelitian ini adalah 30 karangan anak kelas 5 di SDN Jatiwaringin 1. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dari 30 karangan anak yang diteliti, ditemukan 17 bentuk afiks yang terdapat pada proses prefiksasi, sufiksasi, konfiksasi, dan klofiksasi. Proses infiksasi tidak ditemukan pada data. 17 bentuk afiks tersebut membentuk tiga ketegori kelas kata, yaitu verba, nomina, dan ajektiva. Pembentukan kata dengan afiksasi ditemukan pada bentuk dasar berupa kata dasar, reduplikasi, kompositum dan kosakata asing. Afiksasi yang dikaji berdasarkan pemerolehan bahasa menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan usia kronologisnya, bentuk afiksasi yang terdapat pada karangan anak kelas 5 SD di SDN Jatiwaringin 1 telah melampaui usia kronologis pemerolehan bahasa anak 5 tahun. Sementara itu, dilihat dari satuan pembentuk morfem yang dikaji melalui PUR, pemerolehan bahasa anak kelas 5 di SDN Jatiwarigin 1 telah berada pada tahap 5 dari lima tahapan pemerolehan bahasa pertama

PENERAPAN MODEL DICSOVERY LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS IV PADA MUATAN PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM DI SEKOLAH DASAR ISLAM TERPADU INSAN CENDEKIA BANGKINANG KOTA

ABSTRAK Nada Amelia, (2022): Penerapan Model Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas IV pada Mata Pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Insan Cendekia Bangkinang Kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kerampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada muatan pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam melalui penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Insan Cendekia Bangkinang Kota. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 1 orang guru dan 17 orang siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Insan Cendekia Bangkinang Kota. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran discovery learning dan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdapat dua kali pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, tes tertulis dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisi data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dengan persentase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran discovery learning dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada sebelum dilakukan tindakan nilai rata-rata keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa mencapai 56,98 atau berada pada kategori rendah. Kemudian dilakukan tindakan pada siklus I, rata-rata keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa meningkat menjadi 67,27 atau berada pada kategori cukup baik. Kemudian pada siklus II, rata-rata keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa mengalami peningkatan menjadi 76,47 atau berada pada kategori baik. Hal ini berarti sudah mencapai indikator keberhasilan yang telah ditetapkan. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui model pembelajaran discovery learning pada mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Insan Cendekia Bangkinang Kota. Kata kunci: Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning, Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis

KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK DALAM LINGKUP ORGANISASI INTRA KAMPUS (Studi pada Kepengurusan Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (BEM FMIPA) Universitas Negeri Jakarta Periode 2019/2020)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pandangan mahasiswa dan mahasiswi BEM FMIPA UNJ tentang kesetaraan gender, penyebab atau faktor langgengnya nilai-nilai patriarkhal di BEM FMIPA dengan dalih agama dan budaya serta membongkar praktik kekerasan simbolik melalui bahasa, makna dan simbol yang diwajarkan sehingga menciptakan ketidakadilan dan ketidaksetaraan gender di organisasi mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Konsep yang digunakan diantaranya kekerasan simbolik (habitus, modal, dan ranah (field)), seksualitas, gender, keadilan dan kesetaraan gender, serta bentuk-bentuk ketidakadilan dan ketidaksetaraan gender (bias, misoginis, seksisme/diskriminatif gender). Adapun waktu dan lokasi penelitian ini di kampus A Universitas Negeri Jakarta, tepatnya di Ruang Sekretariat BEM FMIPA lantai 4 Gedung KH. Hasyim Asyari yang dilakukan dari bulan Februari sampai Maret tahun 2021. Data primer penelitian ini diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan informan, yakni berjumlah 7 orang dengan karakteristik pengurus BEM FMIPA UNJ dan aktif berorganisasi di lingkup fakultas. Sementara informan ahli yakni Dr. HN, S.Pd., M.Si selaku Pimpinan Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (FMIPA) UNJ, Founder Gerakan Perempuan UNJ, ANHS dan Director Study and Peace UNJ, NA. Data sekunder yang didapat dari buku-buku, jurnal dan kajian literatur. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan peran perempuan di ranah privat selalu dihubungkan dengan konteks agama dan budaya turun-temurun dalam lingkup BEM FMIPA. Perempuan ditempatkan pada empat arena yakni sekretaris, bendahara, kepala departemen informasi dan teknologi (Infotek) dan staff. Kedudukan perempuan hanya dianggap pelengkap atau makhluk kelas kedua (the second sex) karena posisi dan fungsinya berada dibalik layar. Terciptanya kehidupan adil dan setara gender di BEM FMIPA sangat sulit, karena laki-laki mendominasi pada segala sektor dan kepercayaan kepada laki-laki sebagai pemimpin lebih kuat. Laki-laki FMIPA berjumlah lebih sedikit dari perempuan tetapi kekayaan modal baik sosial, budaya dan simbolik lebih banyak karena laki-laki tidak terikat, memiliki kebebasan, dan leluasa langkahnya karena tidak dibawah aturan yang langgeng selama ini dibandingkan perempuan. This research aims to find out the views of students BEM FMIPA UNJ about gender equality, the causes or lasting factors of patriarchal values in BEM FMIPA under the pretext of religion and culture and dismantle the practice of symbolic violence through fair language, meaning, and symbol thus creating injustice and gender inequality in student organizations. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study methods. Concepts used include symbolic violence (habitus, capital and field), sexuality, gender, gender justice and equality, and forms of injustice and gender inequality (bias, misogyny, sexism/ gender discrimination). As for the time and location of this research on campus A State University of Jakarta, precisely in the Secretariat Room BEM FMIPA 4th floor of Building KH. Hashim Ashari conducted from February to March 2021. The primary data of this study was obtained through interviews with informants, which amounted to 7 people with the characteristics of BEM FMIPA UNJ administrators and actively organized in the faculty scope. While expert informants are Dr. HN, S.Pd., M. Si as The Head of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) UNJ, Founder of the UNJ Women's Movement, ANHS and Director of Study and Peace UNJ, NA. Secondary data obtained from books, journals and literature studies. The findings of the study show that the role of women in the private sphere has always been associated with hereditary religious and cultural contexts within the scope of BEM FMIPA. Women are placed in four arenas: secretary, treasurer, head of information and technology department (Infotek) and staff. The position of women is only considered complementary or a second-class creature (the second sex) because its position and function are behind the scenes. The creation of a fair and gender-equal life in BEM FMIPA is very difficult, because men dominate in all sectors and trust in men as leaders is stronger. FMIPA men number less than women but capital wealth both socially, culturally and symbolically more because men are not bound, have freedom, and free steps because it is not under the rules that last so far compared to women

Penyuluhan Diaphragm Breathing Exercise Pada Ibu Hamil di PMB Vitri Suzanti Kota Palembang

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan pada ibu hamil di PMB Vitri Suzanti Kota Palembang. Berdasarkan data kunjungan ibu hamil tahun 2022 terdapat 361 kunjungan ibu hamil. Sebagian besar mengalami keluhan cepat lelah, terasa sesak terutama pada trimester ketiga, dan cemas saat kehamilan dan menghadapi persalinan. Tujuan kegiatan Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa-Pengabdian Masyarakat ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang diaphragm breathing exercise dan penggunaan otot diapragma selama masa kehamilan. Metode yang digunakan dengan memberikan penyuluhan dan pemutaran video tentang diaphragm breathing exercise. Target capaian kegiatan yaitu meredakan dispnea, kelelahan, dan meningkatkan fungsi paru sehingga memberikan rasa nyaman dan mengurangi kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini terbagi menjadi tiga tahap, yaitu 1) tahap persiapan, 2) tahap pelaksanaan kegiatan, 3) tahap evaluasi

Home parenteral nutrition provision modalities for chronic intestinal failure in adult patients:An international survey

Background & aims: The safety and effectiveness of a home parenteral nutrition (HPN) program depends both on the expertise and the management approach of the HPN center. We aimed to evaluate both the approaches of different international HPN-centers in their provision of HPN and the types of intravenous supplementation (IVS)-admixtures prescribed to patients with chronic intestinal failure (CIF). Methods: In March 2015, 65 centers from 22 countries enrolled 3239 patients (benign disease 90.1%, malignant disease 9.9%), recording the patient, CIF and HPN characteristics in a structured database. The HPN-provider was categorized as health care system local pharmacy (LP) or independent home care company (HCC). The IVS-admixture was categorized as fluids and electrolytes alone (FE) or parenteral nutrition, either commercially premixed (PA) or customized to the individual patient (CA), alone or plus extra FE (PAFE or CAFE). Doctors of HPN centers were responsible for the IVS prescriptions. Results: HCC (66%) was the most common HPN provider, with no difference noted between benign-CIF and malignant-CIF. LP was the main modality in 11 countries; HCC prevailed in 4 European countries: Israel, USA, South America and Oceania (p < 0.001). IVS-admixture comprised: FE 10%, PA 17%, PAFE 17%, CA 38%, CAFE 18%. PA and PAFE prevailed in malignant-CIF while CA and CAFE use was greater in benign-CIF (p < 0.001). PA + PAFE prevailed in those countries where LP was the main HPN-provider and CA + CAFE prevailed where the main HPN-provider was HCC (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate that HPN provision and the IVS-admixture differ greatly among countries, among HPN centers and between benign-CIF and cancer-CIF. As both HPN provider and IVS-admixture types may play a role in the safety and effectiveness of HPN therapy, criteria to homogenize HPN programs are needed so that patients can have equal access to optimal CIF care

Association of Variants in the SPTLC1 Gene With Juvenile Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Importance: Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare form of ALS characterized by age of symptom onset less than 25 years and a variable presentation.Objective: To identify the genetic variants associated with juvenile ALS.Design, Setting, and Participants: In this multicenter family-based genetic study, trio whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify the disease-associated gene in a case series of unrelated patients diagnosed with juvenile ALS and severe growth retardation. The patients and their family members were enrolled at academic hospitals and a government research facility between March 1, 2016, and March 13, 2020, and were observed until October 1, 2020. Whole-exome sequencing was also performed in a series of patients with juvenile ALS. A total of 66 patients with juvenile ALS and 6258 adult patients with ALS participated in the study. Patients were selected for the study based on their diagnosis, and all eligible participants were enrolled in the study. None of the participants had a family history of neurological disorders, suggesting de novo variants as the underlying genetic mechanism.Main Outcomes and Measures: De novo variants present only in the index case and not in unaffected family members.Results: Trio whole-exome sequencing was performed in 3 patients diagnosed with juvenile ALS and their parents. An additional 63 patients with juvenile ALS and 6258 adult patients with ALS were subsequently screened for variants in the SPTLC1 gene. De novo variants in SPTLC1 (p.Ala20Ser in 2 patients and p.Ser331Tyr in 1 patient) were identified in 3 unrelated patients diagnosed with juvenile ALS and failure to thrive. A fourth variant (p.Leu39del) was identified in a patient with juvenile ALS where parental DNA was unavailable. Variants in this gene have been previously shown to be associated with autosomal-dominant hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy, type 1A, by disrupting an essential enzyme complex in the sphingolipid synthesis pathway.Conclusions and Relevance: These data broaden the phenotype associated with SPTLC1 and suggest that patients presenting with juvenile ALS should be screened for variants in this gene.</p

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Black holes, gravitational waves and fundamental physics: a roadmap

The grand challenges of contemporary fundamental physics—dark matter, dark energy, vacuum energy, inflation and early universe cosmology, singularities and the hierarchy problem—all involve gravity as a key component. And of all gravitational phenomena, black holes stand out in their elegant simplicity, while harbouring some of the most remarkable predictions of General Relativity: event horizons, singularities and ergoregions. The hitherto invisible landscape of the gravitational Universe is being unveiled before our eyes: the historical direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration marks the dawn of a new era of scientific exploration. Gravitational-wave astronomy will allow us to test models of black hole formation, growth and evolution, as well as models of gravitational-wave generation and propagation. It will provide evidence for event horizons and ergoregions, test the theory of General Relativity itself, and may reveal the existence of new fundamental fields. The synthesis of these results has the potential to radically reshape our understanding of the cosmos and of the laws of Nature. The purpose of this work is to present a concise, yet comprehensive overview of the state of the art in the relevant fields of research, summarize important open problems, and lay out a roadmap for future progress. This write-up is an initiative taken within the framework of the European Action on 'Black holes, Gravitational waves and Fundamental Physics'