A EFICÁCIA DO ESTABELECIMENTO DE PADRÕES DE QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL

The National Environment Policy, Law 6938/81, has the function of providing a coherent conceptual and operational guide for the country’s environmental laws. In order for achieving this purpose, objectives, instruments and a central organizational system for the environmental management were established. Among the instruments it was provided the establishment of environmental quality standards. After more than thirty years of this prediction, there are not concrete studies to evaluate the results obtained so far. Given the need for such studies, this article examined the effectiveness of the establishment of environmental quality standards, that is, if it has produced the expected goals. The research was exploratory, outlined by bibliographic and documentary methods. The results showed that the legal provision was fulfi lled, with current quality standards for water, air, noise sound and soil, established by predefined classes of use of the territory. However, these patterns have not been allocated as quality targets, able to ensure the required environmental conditions in the country. The prevailing action is the use of command and control measures to reduce pollution, especially the application of emission limits for specific sources, without the expected observation of the limits specifi ed by the standards of environmental quality. In addition, the lack of planning of the use of the territory and the shortcomings in monitoring environmental quality in Brazil harm the appropriation of established standards. Thus, it is concluded that the environmental quality standards have not been effective because the proposed objectives were not achieved.  A Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, Lei nº6938/81, tem a função de fornecer uma coerência conceitual e operacional para as leis ambientais do país. Para atingir esse propósito, princípios, objetivos, instrumentos e um sistema organizacional para a gestão ambiental foram estabelecidos. Dentre os instrumentos, foi previsto o estabelecimento de padrões de qualidade ambiental. Passados mais de trinta anos dessa previsão, não há estudos concretos que avaliem os resultados obtidos por este instrumento. Dada a necessidade desses estudos, este artigo analisou a eficácia do estabelecimento de padrões de qualidade ambiental, isto é, verificou-se o instrumento produziu os objetivos esperados. A pesquisa foi exploratória, delineada por métodos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados demonstraram que a previsão legal foi cumprida, estando vigentes padrões de qualidade para água, ar, ruídos sonoros e solo, estabelecidos por classes predefinidas de uso do território. No entanto, esses padrões não foram apropriados como metas de qualidade, capazes de assegurar as condições ambientais requeridas no país. Prevalece a utilização de medidas de comando e controle para a redução da poluição, sobretudo a aplicação de limites de emissão para fontes específicas, sem a esperada observação dos limites indicados pelos padrões de qualidade ambiental. Além disso, a falta de planejamento do uso do território e as deficiências no monitoramento da qualidade ambiental no Brasil prejudicam a apropriação dos padrões instituídos. Assim, conclui-se que os padrões de qualidade ambiental não têm sido eficazes, pois os objetivos propostos não foram alcançados

Silicato de potássio como fonte de nutriente e resistência do milho (Zea mays L.) a lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda / Potassium silicate as nutrient source and resistance of maize (Zea mays L.) to fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda

A adubação com silício (Si) pode ser utilizada como fonte de nutriente e resistência a pragas, refletindo em benefício na produção do milho (Zea mays L.). No entanto, para potencializar o seu efeito deve-se adotar como critério a escolha da fonte, o método de aplicação e a dose de silício. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do método de aplicação e de diferentes doses de silicato de potássio (K2SiO3) sobre características de produção e resistência de plantas de milho a lagarta-do-cartucho (Spodoptera frugiperda). Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados e esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos métodos de adubação (via foliar e solo) e as subparcelas por doses de K2SiO3, iguais a 1,0, 2,0, 3,0, 4,0 e 0,0 (controle) L ha-1. Determinou-se peso médio e produtividade de espigas, teor de clorofila, número e porcentagem de plantas danificadas, além do número de lagartas nas espigas e nível de dano foliar. Dos resultados, o K2SiO3 na dose de até 4 L ha-1, aplicado via solo ou foliar, apesar de reduzir a quantidade de S. frugiperda em espigas de milho, no entanto, não influencia a produtividade de plantas de milho verde, BRS 3046. Conclui-se que, o incremento das doses de K2SiO3 tende atenuar danos de lagarta-do-cartucho (S. frugiperda) em espigas de milho verde, BRS 3046, nas condições edafoclimáticas do município, Teresina, PI

Dyslipidemia and Glucose Profile: Metabolic and Nutritional Changes in Obese Women with Nomadic Routine in a Military Hospital / Dislipidemia e Perfil Glicídicos: Alterações Metabólicas e Nutricionais de Mulheres Obesas com Rotina Nômade em um Hospital Militar

Background: Obesity is a highly disabling comorbidity, being considered a risk factor for chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. This metabolic alteration is closely related to lifestyle, food consumption, and physical inactivity. Amid a nomadic routine psychological disorders prevail.Objective: To establish the relationship between dyslipidemia and changes in glucose metabolism in obese women in a nomadic routine.Methods: 86 women were assisted. Of these, 54 had completed a follow-up at the nutrition service outpatient clinic of a Military Hospital in the Area from September 2019 to June 2020. Retrospective data collected were as follows: socioeconomic and anthropometric data, food consumption, and biochemical profile (p<0.05).Results: The age group was 31-49 years (68.52%). The seasonality caused by nomadism generated depression, anxiety, and binge eating, conditions worsened by cardiovascular risk factors, namely, systemic arterial hypertension (55.56%), heart failure (35.19%), and diabetes mellitus (44.44%). As for the nutritional diagnosis, 47.2% were grade 1 obese, with 91 kg average weight. Average values for high-density lipoprotein were low, at 45.98 mg/dl; fasting glucose was 107.04 mg/dl. It was observed that prediabetic patients with changes in glycated hemoglobin tended to have change in lipid metabolism. Diabetic diagnoses related to lower dyslipidemic change.Conclusion: The best way to treat and prevent dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus are lifestyle changes. Glucose intolerance directly affects care toward nutrition and the lifestyle. Background: Obesity is a highly disabling comorbidity, being considered a risk factor for chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases. This metabolic alteration is closely related to lifestyle, food consumption, and physical inactivity. Amid a nomadic routine psychological disorders prevail.Objective: To establish the relationship between dyslipidemia and changes in glucose metabolism in obese women in a nomadic routine.Methods: 86 women were assisted. Of these, 54 had completed a follow-up at the nutrition service outpatient clinic of a Military Hospital in the Area from September 2019 to June 2020. Retrospective data collected were as follows: socioeconomic and anthropometric data, food consumption, and biochemical profile (p<0.05).Results: The age group was 31-49 years (68.52%). The seasonality caused by nomadism generated depression, anxiety, and binge eating, conditions worsened by cardiovascular risk factors, namely, systemic arterial hypertension (55.56%), heart failure (35.19%), and diabetes mellitus (44.44%). As for the nutritional diagnosis, 47.2% were grade 1 obese, with 91 kg average weight. Average values for high-density lipoprotein were low, at 45.98 mg/dl; fasting glucose was 107.04 mg/dl. It was observed that prediabetic patients with changes in glycated hemoglobin tended to have change in lipid metabolism. Diabetic diagnoses related to lower dyslipidemic change.Conclusion: The best way to treat and prevent dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus are lifestyle changes. Glucose intolerance directly affects care toward nutrition and the lifestyle. 

Suplementação de coenzima Q10 e redução dos efeitos colaterais da terapêutica com estatinas: uma revisão sistemática / Coenzyme Q10 supplementation and reduction of side effects of statin therapy: a systematic review

A coenzima Q10 (CoQ10), conhecida também como ubiquinona é um componente essencial da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial. Uma das causas da sua deficiência é o uso crônico de estatinas, classe de medicamentos anticolesterolêmicos largamente prescrito. Sua redução pode ocasionar efeitos colaterais indesejáveis, tais como dispneia, alterações hepáticas, sintomas musculares e/ou gastrointestinais, rabdomiólise, neuropatias periféricas, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, dentre outros.  Esta revisão literária objetivou entender se a suplementação de CoQ10 reduz os efeitos colaterais provocados pelo uso de estatinas, descrevê-los e indicar qual a dose segura e eficaz para o sucesso dessa estratégia nutricional. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, cuja busca se deu na base de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, de estudos publicados no período entre 2004 a 09/2020, com uso dos descritores e combinação Ubiquinone AND Anticholesteremic Agents e Ubiquinone AND Cholesterol. Foram identificados 462 artigos e após leitura do título, resumo e aplicação dos critérios de exclusão foram incluídos 18 trabalhos científicos para análise. Os estudos apresentaram população e metodologias variadas e os métodos de avaliação dos resultados também foram heterogêneos, principalmente devido a variedade de efeitos colaterais estudados. Dos 18 estudos, dez (66,6%) encontraram algum benefício da suplementação. Foi evidenciado que a dose usual de suplementação (entre 100 e 300 mg) foi capaz de trazer benefícios quanto aos seguintes parâmetros: função diastólica, endotelial e mitocondrial, fadiga, miopatias, dispneia, perda de memória, neuropatia periférica, perfil lipídico, atividade antioxidante e anti-inflamatória e hepatotoxicidade evidenciados a partir de 30 dias de suplementação e, ainda, a redução do risco cardiovascular

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Correction: CT Chest and pulmonary functional changes in patients with HTLV-associated myelopathy in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186055.]

CT Chest and pulmonary functional changes in patients with HTLV-associated myelopathy in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon

<div><p>The aim of this study was to compare computed tomography (CT) scans of chest and lung function among patients with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV) with and without HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In this cross-sectional study performed between January 2013 and June 2016, we included 48 patients with HAM/TSP (19 women and 11 men) and without HAM/TSP (12 women and 6 men). We compared CT findings and lung functions of these groups. Patients who had HAM/TSP had abnormal CT findings (<i>P</i> = 0.000), including more frequent bronchiectasis (<i>P</i> = 0.049), parenchymal bands (<i>P</i> = 0.007), interlobular septal thickening (<i>P</i> = 0.035), and pleural thickening (<i>P</i> = 0.009). In addition, neither patients with HAM/TSP (9/30; 30%) nor the controls (0/18; 0%) had obstructive or restrictive lung disease (<i>P</i> = 0.009). HTLV diagnosis should be considered in all patients with abnormal CT findings in whom no other cause is apparent. It is important to remember that lung disease increases the rates of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.</p></div

Volumes, capacities and flows obtained and predicted for women and men without HAM/TSP.

<p>Volumes, capacities and flows obtained and predicted for women and men without HAM/TSP.</p

Transverse CT scans of a 59-year-old man and a 25-year-old woman with HAM/TSP.

<p>a) Pleural thickening (white arrows) and bronchiectasis (arrowheads), bilaterally b) bilateral mosaic attenuation.</p

Volumes, capacities and flows obtained and predicted for women and men with HAM/TSP.

<p>Volumes, capacities and flows obtained and predicted for women and men with HAM/TSP.</p